Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During estrus (1st day) the vaginal epithelium is highly proliferated; its thickness amounts up to 20 cell layers and even more. During metestrus (3rd day) the epithelium measures 12 to 15 layers due to degeneration and desquamation. During diestrus a further decrease in height is noticed. During late diestrus (16th day) the epithelium reaches its minimal height with 3 to 5 layers. The stratum superficiale consists during this phase of tall columnar cells. Starting from day 18 proliferation begins again. During all phases of the genital cycle the presence of infiltrated leucocytes is highest during middle and late diestrus. Leucocytes are easily recognized by their strong reaction for alkaline phosphatase whereas the epithelium proper remains negative. Mucification in the porcine vaginal epithelium is but moderate. Mucous substances occupy from from proestrus to early diestrus the intercellular gaps in the adluminal half of the epithelium. During middle and late diestrus mucous substances are localized in the supranuclear region of the superficial columnar cells. Histochemical tests for enzymes of oxidative pathways give relatively uniform and weak results during the entire cycle. Fluctuations of epithelial esterase activity may be correlated with phases of proliferation and differentiation.
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PMID:[Histochemical and histological studies on the vagina of pigs with in various phases of the estrus cycle (author's transl)]. 17 61

9 adult Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups (24, 48, and 96 hours of immobilization) to study the influence of immobilization stress on spermiogenesis in rats. After 96 hours of immobilization, histological changes began to be manifested in the form of almost complete disappearance of the cell population of the wall of seminiferous tubule, as well as a markedly increased number of cells with pathologic mitoses. Enzymological investigations proved various change of activity (of acid and alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and glucose-6-phosphatase) which, after temporary negativity, became positive again in the last group.
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PMID:[Influence of immobilization on spermatogenesis]. 18 50

The paper represents a study of the chemical composition of lamellar structures in rat ova during cleavage based on the morphology of their submicroscopic structure after the action of various fixatives and various methods of contrasting ultrathin sections and on the employment of cytochemical methods. Reactions to RNA, polysaccharides, acid and alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterase, glucoso-6-phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase were tested on a submicroscopic level; lipids were tested on a light-microscopic level. The results have shown that the lamellae are composed of proteins. No RNA, polysaccharides, lipids or any of the investigated enzymes were detected in lamellar structures. Lamellar structures, therefore, are considered to be storage material chiefly used in the second half of the cleavage for developmental processes in the rat ovum.
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PMID:Lamellar structures in rat ova and their chemical composition. 18 27

Ultrastructural changes and intracellular enzyme activities in the hepatocytes were studied in rabbits irradiated with 550 rads of gamma rays at 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation. Swelling and marked rarefaction of the mitochondrial matrix observed on the first day were followed by gradual condensation of the matrix between the 6th and 9th day. This state was accompanied by marked reduction in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, ehich gradually returned to the normal by the 30th day of observation. In the hyaloplasm, the most intense changes developed between the third and sixth day and were manifested by clearing of the cytoplasm and marked fragmentation of the endoplasmic membranes, with concurrent negligible decline of the lactate dehydrogenase activity and unchanged glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In the Golgi apparatus, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of smooth membranes were most pronounced on the 6th day and were correlated with a weakened and diffuse reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was irregularly distributed in the lobule. The activities of lysosomal hydrolases, i.e. acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase, had various localizations within the lobules. The strongest deviations from the normal and of longest duration. (up to 9 days) were seen in the Browicz-Kupffer cells. Complex studies on the same material conducted concurrently with the use of different methods showed that radiation damages structure and function in unequal degrees. Moreover, within the same organ the cellular response to ionizing radiation varies according to the character, localization and functional state of the cells. Deviations from the normal state occur between the first and ninth days, most of the structural and functional elements showing sings of return to the normal about the 15th day after irradiation.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of gamma-irradiated rabbits. 18 69

The healing of parietal and visceral peritoneum has been studied by the techniques of enzyme histochemistry in an attempt to define more precisely the type of cell responsibile for forming the new mesothelium. The changes occurring in the distribution of the following enzymes throughout the course of healing have been investigated: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase and non-specific esterase. Regenerating mesothelial cells have been found to have several enzyme histochemical properties in common with subperitoneal connective tissue cells. It has not been possible to distinguish between primitive mesenchymal cells and subperitoneal fibroblasts by the histochemical techniques used in this study and therefore the study has not been fruitful in determining whether the new mesothelium arises from primitive mesenchymal cells or subperitoneal fibroblasts. The present study does, however, lend weight to the view that the new mesothelium is not derived from peritoneal macrophages.
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PMID:Regeneration of parietal and visceral peritoneum: an enzyme histochemical study. 19 Jan 97

1. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is intensely positive in proximal tubule I and II during the breeding season. In the kidney of secretion producing the enzyme is detectable as against to kidney of winter on the whole proximal tubule II. 2. In the kidney what is able to build a nest, concentration and size of acid phosphatase granules are very increasing in proximal tubule II. 3. The detection of unspecific esterase was negatively already. 4, The reaction of glucose-6-phosphatase is slightly demonstrable in cells of proximal segment of secretion producing what are enlarged fourfold. 5; From the varied reaction of acid and alkaline phosphatase we conclude that both are to set in relation to excretory activity, but not to process of synthesis in kidney of late-spring fish.
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PMID:[Histological and histochemical studies of the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. kidney. III. Activity of various phosphatases depending on secretion]. 19 Aug 10

The cells of four thymus glands, two at 12 weeks, one at 16 weeks and one at 22 weeks gestational age, were examined cytochemically for enzymic activity and for surface markers. The reactions for chloroacetate esterase, peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase were negative and the reaction for nonspecific esterase was only weakly positive in some of the cells. In contrast, nearly all thymocytes at the 12th gestational week showed strong focal acid phosphatase (acP) activity. The number of acP-stainable cells and the staining intensity declined progressively. A high percentage of thymocytes in early fetal life express a complement receptor (CR); the proportion of CR-bearing cells decreased while cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (possessing erythrocyte receptors: ER) correspondingly increased during fetal life. Using a mixed rosette assay, up to 30% of the thymocytes at 12 weeks gestation were found to bear CR and ER simultaneously. The number of CR- and ER-positive cells also declined progressively with fetal age. These findings show that CR-positive, ER-negative thymus cells mature into CR-negative, ER-positive thymocytes via a CR-positive and ER-positive intermediate cell, indicating that mature ER-positive thymocytes do not originate from another cell line lacking CR. The changes in surface markers during early T cell maturation is relevant to certain lymphomas whose cells also show strong focal acP activity and also express both CR and ER. These lymphoma cells may correspond to fetal thymocytes or T precursor cells present in small numbers after birth.
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PMID:Simultaneous presence of receptors for complement and sheep red blood cells on human fetal thymocytes. 19 21

Single cell suspensions of epidermal cells from guinea pigs were analyzed histochemically for the presence of the following enzymes: 5'-adenosine triphosphatase, nonspecific esterase, specific esterase, myeloperoxidase and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase. A population of cells was positive for nonspecific esterase, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, and 5'-adenosine triphosphatase. This population was identified as Langerhans' cells because the number of cells stained for these enzymes paralleled the number of Langerhans' cells in the suspension. These same enzymes were shown to be present in guinea pig leukocytes of the mononuclear-phagocytic series, suggesting that they and Langerhans' cells may have a precursor in common.
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PMID:Histochemical analysis of Langerhans' cells. 23 76

Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) was histochemically detected in 7 to 18% of cells in tissue culture lines derived from the peripheral blood or bone marrow of each of 5 patients with untreated acute myelogenous or monomyelogenous leukaemia and in 30% of the cells in a clonal line of a rat promyelocytic leukaemia. Following transfer to diffusion chambers intraperitoneally implanted into total body irradiated rats, LAP levels were detected in up to 92% of human and 80% of rat leucocytes. There was no associated morphologic differentiation. In rat leukaemia cells peroxidase and myeloid specific esterase also increased from tissue culture levels. Return of cells to tissue culture decreased enzymes to pre-implant levels. Addition of plasma or peritoneal fluid from irradiated rats to cells in tissue culture again induced LAP. In contrast, LAP was not increased under these conditions with cell lines derived from patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia, or Sezary cell leukaemia. These studies indicate that a humoral factor in peritoneal fluid and plasma of irradiated rats increases LAP in human as well as rat leucocytes.
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PMID:Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase elevation in human acute leukaemia derived cell lines cultured in diffusion chambers. 26 91

1. Rate sedimentation and isopycnic centrifugation were used to analyse the subcellular sites of enzymes in homogenates of goldfish intestinal mucosa. 2. The results allowed the following allocations to be made: carnitine acetyl transferase-mitochondrial and peroxisomal, xanthine dehydrogenase and NAD: alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase soluble phase, NADP: isocitrate dehydrogenase soluble phase and mitochondrial, and 2-naphthyl laurate hydrolase microsomal and/or brush border. 3. Histochemistry confirmed the use of alkaline phosphatase and 1-naphthyl acetate esterase as brush border and microsome markers respectively. 4. Urate oxidase, allantoinase, allantoicase, xanthine oxidase and glycollate/lactate oxidase, activities were undetectable, and 1-naphthyl palmitate hydrolase was present only as a contaminant from pancreas.
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PMID:Intestinal peroxisomes of goldfish (Carassius auratus)--examination for hydrolase, dehydrogenase and carnitine acetyltransferase activities. 31 95


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