Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was serially measured in 47 hospitalized chronic alcoholics with liver disease. Compared to healthy controls, ACE activity, on admission, in the serum of alcoholics was significantly elevated (42.5 +/- 16.6 U/ml vs. 32.4 +/- 9.6 U/ml; p less than 0.005). About 36% of the patients had an elevated ACE level exceeding an upper normal value of 42 U/ml (mean +/- SD). In contrast to the rapid normalization of such enzymes as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) which represent parenchymal liver cell injury, the activity of ACE remained elevated over a period of 4 weeks even with abstinence. The serum level of ACE was significantly correlated with levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and monoamine oxidase, but not with those of AST, ALT and LDH. These data suggest increased ACE activity in alcoholics may be related to the influence of chronic consumption of alcohol on hepatic nonparenchymal systems.
 ...
PMID:Mild but prolonged elevation of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in alcoholics. 302 46

Eight male subjects aged 18-24 years were treated with 0.5 mg of isotretinoin day-1 kg-1. After 4 weeks levels of cholesterol (P less than 0.05) and triglyceride (P less than 0.05) were increased and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were decreased (P less than 0.05). Concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (P less than 0.01) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (P less than 0.01) were higher after treatment; increased alkaline phosphatase and a reduction in bilirubin levels did not reach statistical significance. Values for thyroxine were reduced after isotretinoin and free thyroxine index was lower (P less than 0.01). Measurements of salivary clearance of antipyrine and levels of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were lower after treatment but these differences did not reach statistical significance. The findings suggest that there is a small decrease in hepatic microsomal-enzyme activity after isotretinoin and that the unwanted effects on lipids, liver and thyroid function are unlikely to be due to hepatic microsomal-enzyme induction.
 ...
PMID:Antipyrine clearance and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein levels after isotretinoin. 315 46

Oral administration of the toxic mushroom Cortinarius orellanus (Fr.) to male Sprague Dawley rats caused serious impairment of renal function. The signs observed were similar to those produced in humans who ingest this fungus. Administration of 2.0 g dried Cortinarius orellanus per kg body weight led to acute renal dysfunction within 48 h. The pattern of impairment included reduced glomerular filtration rate, decreased renal absorption of water, sodium and potassium, and proteinuria and glucosuria. The nephrotoxic effect was further characterized by decreased activities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in urine, despite a remarkable increase in protein excretion of predominantly tubular origin. These findings were substantiated by morphologic changes, which could be detected as early as 12 h after dosing. Morphologically discernible signs of renal tubular damage start with deformation of the proximal tubular brush border region. Within 48 h after toxin ingestion, prenecrotic and necrotic cells could be found in all nephron segments contained in the renal cortex. The most prominent changes were a vesiculation of the apical cell pole and a swelling of the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and of mitochondria. The latter was accompanied by a loss in matrix material and a massive fragmentation of mitochondrial cristae membranes. Detectable quantities of the toxic principle of the mushroom, orellanine, were excreted only within the first 24 h after dosing. No impairment of liver function was detected.
 ...
PMID:Toxic properties of the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus (Fries). II. Impairment of renal function in rats. 319 Apr 64

Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by microvillar enzyme assay on amniotic fluid supernatant has been carried out on 258 sequential pregnancies with a 1 in 4 recurrence risk, all with known outcome. In general the three enzymes evaluated, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, aminopeptidase M and the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, showed a high degree of concordance. However, there were two unusual patterns of microvillar enzyme activity; in seven cases a low gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity was associated with elevated values of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, and in ten cases there were isolated low values of intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The former pattern was found to be associated with cystic fibrosis in five cases, while the latter was associated with a normal outcome in all ten cases. A retrospective analysis of enzyme values suggested that the optimal system for minimizing false positives and false negatives was to define foetal cystic fibrosis as a sample where two of the three microvillar enzymes were below a cut-off of half the median value for the gestational week. If such scoring were applied to the cases where conventional microvillar enzyme patterns were observed, the false positive rate was 2.3% and the false negative rate 4.4% between 17 and 20 weeks of gestation.
 ...
PMID:Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by microvillar enzyme assay on a sequence of 258 pregnancies. 334 16

Using microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from human normal early and full term placenta, we investigated the transport mechanism of L-alanine and the change in its transport activity during gestation. We estimated the purity of microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from human placenta from the relative specific activities (microvilli versus homogenate) of the membrane's maker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 5'-nucleotidase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( gamma-GTP). In early pregnancy (12-15 weeks gestational age), the relative specific activities (microvilli versus homogenate) were calculated to be: ALP: 15.3, 5'-nucleotidase: 14.0, gamma-GTP: 8.3, and in full term pregnancy (37-40 weeks gestational age) the relative specific activities (microvilli versus homogenate) were calculated to be: ALP: 16.0, 5'-nucleotidase: 14.8, gamma-GTP: 7.5. The uptake of L-alanine into microvillous membrane vesicles was Na+ electrochemical gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular) dependent and this Na+ dependent uptake was membrane-potentially sensitive both in early pregnancy and in full term pregnancy. The kinetics parameter of the initial L-alanine uptake into microvillous membrane vesicles were calculated to be: Km: 0.78 +/- 0.20 mM, Vmax: 0.62 +/- 0.21 nmol/mg protein/20 sec in early pregnancy, Km: 0.80 +/- 0.24 mM, Vmax: 3.53 +/- 0.70 nmol/mg protein/20 sec in full term pregnancy. In conclusion, the placental transport mechanisms of L-alanine in both early and full term pregnancy were the same, and the L-alanine transport activity of full term pregnancy was much greater than that of early pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:[Study on changes in placental L-alanine transport activity during gestation (using microvillous membrane vesicles]. 370 Nov 43

Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase were determined in free-living white rhinoceroses Ceratotherium simum (n = 20). Single serum cortisol (n = 20), oestradiol-17 Beta (n = 14) and progesterone (n = 14) concentrations are also presented. Low serum sodium (129.6 +/- 4.2 mmol/l) chloride (94.2 +/- 3.05 mmol/l) and albumin (26.1 +/- 3.71 mmol/l) as well as high globulin (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma) concentrations were outstanding features.
 ...
PMID:Blood chemical parameters in free-living white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum. 383 4

The chronic toxicity of a new topical glucocorticoid, difluprednate (DFBA) was studied in Beagle dogs. DFBA ointment (0.05%) was percutaneously treated to the back of dogs at daily doses of 125, 12.5 and 1.25 micrograms/kg for 6 months. The local effects of DFBA In the treated area, thinning of the skin and inhibition of the fur-growth were observed with scale and erythema. The skin showed histological atrophy of the epidermis, a decrease of the adipose tissue and atrophy of the adnexa. These changes returned to normal after the 2-month withdrawal period. The systemic effects of DFBA In the 125 micrograms/kg group, the following changes were observed, although neither death nor severe symptoms occurred: General observations were seen an increase of water intake and urinary volume. A decrease of lymphocytes and eosinophils, and an increase of neutrophils were observed in the hematological examination. There were high sodium and low potassium levels, and an increase of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities in the biochemical examination. The organ weights showed a decrease of the thymus, adrenals, prostate and ovaries, and an increase of the liver and kidney. An atrophy of the lymphatic tissues and adrenal cortex, retardation of the sexual maturation, glycogen deposit in the hepatic cells, slight degeneration of the renal tubuli, and slight thinning of the sternum and non-treated skin were noted in the pathological examination. These changes returned to normal after the 2-month withdrawal period. In the 12.5 micrograms/kg group, the atrophic changes in the thymus, adrenal and non-treated skin appeared slight. In the 1.25 micrograms/kg group, no changes were found. Conclusively, all the local and systemic changes observed by DFBA in this study were due to the already known pharmacological effects of glucocorticoids. It is considered that a 12.5 micrograms/kg dosage is similar to a non-effect dose.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic toxicity study on difluprednate in dogs]. 403 1

Serum levels of cortisol, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, phosphorus, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, iron, total magnesium, total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were determined in 11 short Cape Mountain Zebra Equus zebra zebra.
 ...
PMID:Blood chemical parameters in shot Cape Mountain Zebra Equus zebra zebra. 407 40

The "biliary tract" enzymes (leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and 5'-nucleotidase) in serum reflect to varying degrees, obstruction, proliferation, inflammation and neoplasia involving the hepatobiliary duct system. Their use is directed towards two purposes: (1) as non-electrophoretic assays to evaluate the source of an elevated non-specific alkaline phosphatase and (2) to offer greater sensitivity and specificity for space-occuping lesions in the liver. In appropriate clinical states, any of the three enzymes offer these advantages and there is little to chose among them. Selection of the assay to use in the clinical laboratory then becomes based on non-clinical factors, i.e., technical ease, apparent substrate specifities, etc. With these additional factors and despite some shortcomings, our selection is leucine aminopeptidase.
 ...
PMID:The enzymes of the hepatobiliary tract: a biochemical and clinical comparison. 415 29

The properties of the membrane associated enzyme complexes were investigated. The enzyme complexes of alkaline phosphatase, arylamidase, and L-gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were excluded by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme complexes was found to be in the alpha-1 portion and these enzyme activities were immunologically fixed by anti-IgA and anti-light chain lambda antibodies. Heterogeneity in density was observed by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The activities of membrane-associated enzymes were demonstrated in both high (d > 1.21) and low density particles (1.063 < d < 1.21), and the enzyme activities of a high density particle were immunologically fixed by anti-IgA and anti-light chain lambda antibodies. The heterogeneity in density was based on the presence of immunoglobulin A molecule in the complexes. The specificity of the immunoglobulin which was found in the enzyme complexes proved to be exclusively of the alpha heavy chain classes and lambda light chain types respectively. This isotype specificity of immunoglobulin A is similar to the specificity observed in enzyme-linked immunoglobulins, and simple non-specific binding of immunoglobulin and membrane moiety was eliminated. This isotype specificity is of interest in connection with the properties of the circulating autoantibodies.
 ...
PMID:Membrane associated enzyme complexes containing lambda type immunoglobulin A. 610 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10