Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new cell line designated ENU-T-1 has been established from a xenotransplanted experimental rat nephroblastoma. The cultured cells are spindle-shaped or polygonal and are arranged in a wavy fashion morphologically similar to cultured embryonal renal epithelial cells. The cells exhibit a number of epithelial characteristics. Enzyme histochemistry gives positive reactions for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase, both of which are present in renal tubular epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence studies show positive reactions for vimentin and cytokeratin. When inoculated into athymic nude mice, the cultured cells form tumors composed of sheets of epithelial cells with focal tubular formation. This cell line may be of value in studying differentiation of nephroblastoma, and possibly normal nephrogenesis.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of an immature epithelial cell line (ENU-T-1) derived from a rat nephroblastoma. 257 2

Transport of nutrients and kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km) of brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes were studied in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum from atherogenic diet-fed monkeys. The Km remained unaltered while feeding of atherogenic diet resulted in higher Vmax of sucrase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase and lower Vmax of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and leucine-aminopeptidase compared to controls. Na+-dependent D-glucose transport was higher in duodenum and jejunum and unaltered in ileum. In contrast to D-glucose transport, the transport of amino acids was decreased in all three intestinal segments from atherogenic diet-fed monkeys.
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PMID:Effects on intestinal nutrient uptake and brush border membrane enzymes in response to atherogenic diet in rhesus monkeys. 257 71

Membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids play an important role in epithelial organization, transport and function. To study the effects of exogenous carbohydrates on the expression of glycoproteins, cells of the renal epithelial line LLC-PK1 were cultured on different nutritive carbohydrate sources and on uridine, which is, despite striking differences, known to substitute all essential nutritive functions of glucose. LLC-PK1 cultures were long-term adapted to growth in culture medium containing 0.5, 5, 10 and 25 mM glucose, and 5 mM fructose, galactose and uridine, respectively, as the sole carbohydrate source. These growth conditions elicited adaptive changes in the expression of enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, integral membrane glycoproteins exclusively localized in the apical membrane of LLC-PK1 cells. SDS-PAGE of membrane preparations of adapted LLC-PK1 cells revealed a strong induction of several protein bands between 13.5 and 47 kD in fructose-grown cells, while in plasma membranes of cells grown in galactose several protein bands between 62 and 70 kD decreased. Changes in the secretion pattern of proteins into the culture medium were most prominent in uridine-grown cells compared to controls grown on 25 mM glucose.
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PMID:Modification of membrane protein expression and protein secretion in LLC-PK1 cultures grown on different carbohydrates. 257 49

The activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and total alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes has been determined in 261 amniotic fluid samples taken from pregnant women with known normal outcome and in 30 amniotic fluid samples from pregnant women with a 1:4 risk for cystic fibrosis (CF). Preliminarily, 114 amniotic fluid samples were assayed in parallel in three different laboratories, and a good correlation was found even though different assays were used. From the results obtained in control amniotic fluids, normal range and CF-predictive cutoff values were established. No false-negative results were found in this study. Among the predicted affected pregnancies 7 were terminated, and 3 went to term: 1 resulting in a CF-affected child and the other 2 in healthy children. CF was confirmed in all the aborted fetuses. In 1 case the results were inconclusive. In this study numerical results obtained for samples with a 1:4 risk of CF analyzed in the three laboratories were always virtually identical.
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PMID:Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Analytical evaluation of microvillar enzyme determinations in amniotic fluid. 257 33

A 52 year old woman with CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal hypomotility and telangiectasia) and visceral involvement of the kidneys, lungs and liver is presented. The hepatic implication was a focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver which is a component not frequently recognized. Another 4 cases of this syndrome, associated to different forms of scleroderma, were described previously. Because of the way in which this case developed, this disease should be suspected when alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels are elevated. We comment on the utility of the laparoscopy and liver biopsy in diagnosing the diseased and the situation found. Finally, we discuss the pathogenic implications of the disease with scleroderma, owing to the vascular mechanism.
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PMID:[Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver associated with a CREST syndrome with multiorgan involvement]. 257 86

A prenatal diagnosis was performed in 51 pregnancies with a 1-in-4 risk of having a child with cystic fibrosis. The criteria for determining an affected fetus were based on the results of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) residual activity after inhibition by phenylalanine and by homoarginine, of total ALP activity, and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) activity in the amniotic fluid taken between 16 and 19 weeks of pregnancy. The chromosomal analysis of amniotic fluid cells showed trisomy 13 in one case which was excluded from the analysis of biochemical assays. The biochemical assays were in the normal ranges in the amniotic fluid of 35 pregnancies: 26 have reached term and a normal infant has been born, 9 are still in progress. A deficiency of the ALP phenylalanine-inhibitable form, depressed values of total ALP and GGTP were observed in the amniotic fluid of 15 pregnancies: one pregnancy went to term and the infant had CF, in 14 cases the pregnancy was terminated, and meconium ileus was observed in ten of these cases. It was observed that the changes towards abnormal values became more significant with advancing gestational age and that 18 weeks appeared to be the optimum time for diagnostic amniocentesis.
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PMID:Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. I. Prospective study of 51 pregnancies. 258 Dec 42

In rats with subcutaneously transplanted mammary carcinoma 5A (MC) and 2 to 10-fold elevations in the blood content of mature neutrophils, 30-50% of the neutrophils showed pronounced hypersegmentation. This phenomenon could be reproduced in liquid culture of bone marrow cells from normal (tumor-free) animals by 48 hr incubation with the MC host's serum, or with MC-conditioned medium whose activity was attributable to an over 50,000 MW protein. The effects in vitro, occurring without change in total cell number and accompanied by increases in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, included decreases in the percents of progenitors (myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes and bands) and an increase in mature neutrophils 50% of which exhibited obvious hypersegmentation. Much less if any neutrophil hypersegmentation, and no statistically significant decrease in immature cells, occurred in response to the several colony stimulating factors (CSFs) tested, although (in addition to inducing GGT and AP) some CSFs did cause an increase in mature neutrophils. These investigations demonstrate the efficacy of a MC-elaborated blood-borne protein to promote myeloid cell maturation, and describe a system for the first time in which neutrophil hypersegmentation can be studied in vitro.
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PMID:Neutrophil maturation and hypersegmentation promoted in normal bone marrow by a carcinoma-elaborated protein factor. 266 58

In 10 patients with generalized psoriasis treated by this method biochemical and histological examinations of liver biopsy specimens were done before and after 60 days of the treatment. In some cases a transient rise of A1AT activity, raised activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were noted. Histological examinations demonstrated slight hepatocellular damage with microfocal necrosis, fatty infiltration of some cells and increase in the structural elements of cytoplasm.
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PMID:[Laboratory and oligobiopsy studies of the liver in patients with psoriasis treated by the combination of Tigason-PUVA-cignoline (RePUVA+C)]. 269 77

Enzymological examination of 113 patients with A and B viral hepatitis (VH) and 41 with obstructive jaundice of tumor origin and 32 with chronic cholecystitis during exacerbation showed an increase of activity of blood serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDG), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), alkaline phosphatase. The GGTP/LDG ratio is of differential-diagnostic value. Ratio values of 0.8 and less indicate VH while values of 1 and more indicate obstructive jaundice.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of enzymologic methods for the differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis and subhepatic jaundice]. 275 Jan 6

Purpose of this study was to elucidate the difference in severity of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD), especially of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) between female and male. We have experienced 15 female and 113 male patients with ALD laparoscopically and histologically proved during the past 10 years. In female patients, histological analysis revealed 8 cases of cirrhosis, 2 each cases of AH, fibrosis and chronic hepatitis, and 1 case of fatty liver. Occurrence of AH in female (13%) was significantly higher than male in which AH was seen in 3 cases (3%) (p less than 0.05). Duration of alcoholic abuse in female AH patients was shorter than male AH patients (5.5 +/- 0.5 years vs 24.0 +/- 2.9 years). Total alcohol consumed in female AH patients was less than male AH patients (256 +/- 52 kg vs 1560 +/- 703 kg). Abnormality in liver function tests including hepaplastin test, serum bilirubin, transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, immunoglobulins was outstanding in female patients compared with male patients. Histological findings such as hepatocellular ballooning, neutrophilic infiltration, fatty change and wiremesh fibrosis were intensive in female patients compared with male patients. In conclusion, there were much more severe ALD like AH or cirrhosis in female than male patients. In female AH patients duration of alcoholic abuse was shorter and total alcohol consumed was less than male AH patients. And it was suggested that female AH is clinically and pathologically getting severe compared with male AH.
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PMID:[Sex difference in alcoholic liver disease: with special reference to the severity of alcoholic hepatitis]. 280 7


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