Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary cultures of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) cocultured together with astroglia cells were used to investigate the induction of blood-brain barrier (BBB) characteristics in vitro. By immunofluorescence, histochemical staining, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and enzyme activity tests we are able to show that BCECs in vitro loose typical blood-brain barrier properties but not their common endothelial phenotype. Astrocytes induce the expression of the blood-brain barrier characteristic enzymes gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase but only in a coculture system with direct cell to cell contact between BCECs and astroglia cells. C6-glioma cells also re-establish the BBB phenotype but were less effective compared to astrocytes. The susceptibility of the BCECs to an astroglial stimulus depends on the proliferative state of the BCECs.
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PMID:Development of an in vitro cell culture system to mimic the blood-brain barrier. 135 19

The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, 1-antitrypsin was studied in 30 patients with acute cholecystopancreatitis of different severity grades. It was found that changes of activity of these enzymes depending on the severity of the disease may be considered as a criterion of regression of the inflammatory changes in the biliary-pancreatic zone as well as a criterion of recovery.
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PMID:[Enzyme activity in the blood serum as a criterion of the severity of acute cholecystopancreatitis]. 136 26

We studied the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in 19 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, mainly stages III and IV. The dose of UDCA employed was 10-15 mg/kg body weight per day. After 1 yr, 17 patients were still using UDCA, and the mean values of serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alanine-aminotransferase had fallen significantly. Serum bilirubin, initially elevated in 7 of the 13 late-stage (III and IV) patients, showed a further increase in 3 of the 7 patients. In 2 of these 3 patients, UDCA had to be withdrawn (dose reduction had no effect). One patient developed a decompensated cirrhosis in spite of UDCA withdrawal. Pruritus worsened in 4 patients, all of whom were late stage patients. Ten late-stage (III-IV) patients showed improvement in liver biochemistry and clinical findings as did all early-stage PBC patients. Thus, UDCA treatment is not beneficial for all PBC patients. Special care should be taken in the early phase of UDCA therapy in later-stage (III-IV) patients: frequent biochemical checks should be carried out, for instance every 2 weeks in the first 2 months after starting UDCA, especially the estimation of bilirubin.
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PMID:Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in primary biliary cirrhosis with the emphasis on late stage disease. 140 34

Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy (600 mg/day) was evaluated in twelve patients with non-advanced chronic cholestasis. Within four months, ursodeoxycholic acid replaced more than 50% of total bile acids in 8 patients and the reduction of serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and transaminases averaged 30% or more. The serum levels of chenodeoxycholic acid depend on those of ursodeoxycholic acid, but are not related to those of biochemical parameters. Drug therapy was continued in three poor responders for 2-3 four-month periods. In one case an increase of the serum proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid was associated with a reduction in biochemical parameters. The other two cases had high serum levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and/or cholic acid throughout the entire course of treatment. While the treatment of chronic cholestasis requires an effectual serum proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid, it is important to distinguish endogenous persistent hyper-bile-acidemia from ursodeoxycholic acid-related acidemia.
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PMID:The effectual level of ursodeoxycholic acid in therapy for non-advanced chronic cholestasis is fifty percent of total serum bile acids. 157 28

In the last decade, the primary, biliary liver cirrhosis was diagnosed in 17 female patients aged between 33 and 72 years. The most frequent complaint were itching and jaundice. Hepatomegaly and itching predominated in the clinical signs Laboratory tests have shown and increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and alanine-aminotransferase activities, accelerated ESR and decrease in blood serum albumins. Immunological abnormalities were found in 15 patients, including 12 with antimitochondrial antibodies. Liver biopsy was carried out in all patients enabling to diagnose the primary cirrhosis in 14 of them. Duration of the disease was between 1 and 9 years. Immunosuppressive treatment was carried out in 10 patients, and symptomatic treatment in the remaining 7 patients. No difference in the effect of therapy on actual health state of patients was seen.
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PMID:[Primary biliary liver cirrhosis in patients treated at Szczecin hospitals in 1978-1988]. 166 45

To clarify the relationship between hyperbilirubinaemia and abnormal results of biochemical liver function tests in infants with breast milk jaundice (BMJ), 58 breast-fed infants with indirect hyperbilirubinaemia were enrolled in this study. Sera obtained from the above infants were subjected to routine liver function tests. Although serum transaminases were within normal limits in all 58 patients, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were abnormally increased in 13, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in 8 and total bile acids in 11 out of all patients examined. A total of 18 (31%) patients had abnormal results in at least one item of the liver function tests. The intrinsic bile acid loading test showed postprandial increases in bile acids in 5 of 16 (31%) patients examined at either 60 or 120 min, while all 13 breast-fed, age-matched controls had no abnormal results. The decrease in rate of serum bilirubin levels after the 3-day discontinuation of breast-feeding was significantly less in patients with increased fasting bile acids than in patients with normal fasting levels of serum bile acids. These results may suggest that mild hepatic dysfunction or cholestasis is associated with indirect hyperbilirubinaemia in some infants with BMJ.
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PMID:Abnormal results of biochemical liver function tests in breast-fed infants with prolonged indirect hyperbilirubinaemia. 167 70

Male OF1 mice were injected subcutaneously with 80 mg/kg potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). Examination of cryostat kidney sections stained for alkaline phosphatase (APP) revealed damage to about 40-70% of the proximal tubules after 8 h. Pretreatment with the organic anionic transport inhibitor probenecid (i.p., 3 x 0.75 mmol/kg) reduced the number of damaged tubules by 60% in mice treated with potassium dichromate. Pretreatment with the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) inactivator acivicin (AT-125, 50 mg/kg p.o., plus 50 mg/kg i.p.) failed to prevent chromate-induced renal toxicity. These results support the conclusion that a probenecid-sensitive transport process, but not a gamma-GT-catalyzed degradation, is involved in the mouse renal toxicity of potassium dichromate.
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PMID:Effects of probenecid and acivicin on potassium dichromate-induced acute nephrotoxicity in mice. 168 53

Three female patients with cholestatic jaundice related to methimazole therapy are presented. The jaundice appeared after more or less 30 days of therapy. Markers for hepatitis A and B were negative in all. None of them had previous history of alcoholism or ingestion of potentially hepatotoxic drugs. Characteristically there was a marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase with only moderate increase of the aminotransferases. Liver biopsy performed in all showed intensive cholestasis with low degree of inflammatory reaction confined to the portal tracts. The three patients presented a prolonged duration of the liver injury in spite of the interruption of the drug lasting in one of them up to one year, but all ultimately resolved.
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PMID:[Jaundice caused by methimazole]. 168 33

Male Swiss OF1 mice received a single oral dose of either 80 mg/kg hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) or 80 mg/kg methyl mercury (MeHg). Examination of cryostat kidney sections stained for alkaline phosphatase (APP) revealed damage to about 50% of the proximal tubules after 8 h. Pretreatment with the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) inactivator AT-125 (Acivin, 50 mg/kg i.p., plus 50 mg/kg p.o., reduced the number of damaged tubules by 59 and 58% in mice treated with HCBD and MeHg, respectively. Pretreatment with the two beta-lyase inhibitors, amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA, 3 x 100 mg/kg p.o.) and DL-propargylglycine (PPG, 300 mg/kg i.p. plus 300 mg/kg p.o.), reduced HCBD nephrotoxicity by 46 and 59%, respectively, but did not protect against MeHg nephrotoxicity. The results support a role for gamma-GT and beta-lyase in the mouse renal toxicity of HCBD and implicate gamma-GT but not beta-lyase in MeHg-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.
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PMID:Role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and beta-lyase in the nephrotoxicity of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene and methyl mercury in mice. 168 80

The established renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 retained in tissue culture several differentiated properties of renal proximal tubular cells. By adapting LLC-PK1 cells to glucose-free culture conditions, we recently succeeded in isolating a gluconeogenic strain of LLC-PK1 cells capable of growing in the absence of hexoses. In contrast to the parental wild type, the isolated strain expressed fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity and was, therefore, designated LLC-PK1-FBPase+. Besides the differences in glucose metabolism, the isolated gluconeogenic substrain differs form the parental wild type with respect to morphological appearance and the expression of apical membrane marker enzymes. LLC-PK1-FBPase+ cells display a drastic accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, disappearance of apical membrane alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity. In order to find out whether or not a low alkaline phosphatase activity in combination with the enhanced formation of autophagic vacuoles is related to a change in apical membrane surface, we utilized a combined light and electron microscopic morphometric procedure to determine the absolute amount of organelle volumes and membrane surface areas. This stereologic approach shows that LLC-PK1-FBPase+ cells display a tenfold increase in the volume of autophagic vacuoles and the lysosomal compartment. Analysis of lysosomal enzyme activities, however, revealed no changes as compared to wild-type cells. The apical membrane surface of gluconeogenic cells was found to be increased by 80%. Karyotype analysis revealed that LLC-PK1 wild-type cells were diploid, whereas FBPase+ cells exhibited polyploidy with a high percentage of tetraploid nuclei. Culturing LLC-PK1-FBPase+ cells in the presence of 5 mM glucose does not abolish the morphological and biochemical changes described, indicating the stability of the FBPase+ strain.
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PMID:Morphological and biochemical changes of LLC-PK1 cells during adaptation to glucose-free culture conditions. 169 Sep 7


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