Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnostic and prognostic reliability of lipoprotein-X (Lp-X) in demonstrating or ruling out cholestasis has been evaluated in a group of 80 patients with diseases of the liver and/or the biliary tracts, and in 103 subjects with various other diseases. The results of Lp-X detection were compared with the so-called "enzymes indicating cholestasis": alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Where possible a histologic specimen of the liver was obtained. The correlation between Lp-X and "enzymes indicating cholestasis" was satisfactory in more than 90% of cases. When compared with the histologic findings, Lp-X proved to be more reliable than the enzymes. Despite this fact, Lp-X did not show absolute specifity in the detection of cholestasis as there were several negative results in cases with histologically proven cholestasis. Furthermore, the differentiation of intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis was not possible on the basis of Lp-X. In the control group of 103 patients with other than hepatobiliary diseases, a positive Lp-X result was found in 3 cases. Further investigations in these three patients revealed that primarily unsuspected hepatobiliary disease could not be ruled out. In the follow-up of a hepatobiliary disease the transition of Lp-X to negative indicates a trend towards improvement of cholestasis 1-2 weeks earlier than the enzymes mentioned above.
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PMID:[Lipoprotein X in hepatobiliary diseases]. 0 69

The activities of GOT, GPT, LDH, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and the concentrations of bilirubin in blood plasma after a single intraruminal application of aflatoxins were studied in four dairy cows. The maximum changes in the activities of the enzymes and the maximum bilirubin concentration in plasma were obtained in the first two to three days following the application of aflatoxins. The statistically significant increase of GOT activity, compared with activity before the application of aflatoxins, persisted until the 23rd day; in the case of LDH and GLDH the increase persisted until the 38th day from the application of aflatoxins. The activities of gamma-GTP and AP were slightly higher even on the 50th day. The increased concentration of bilirubin in plasma lasted until the 23rd day from aflatoxin application. The increased activities of enzymes testify to an impaired function of the liver, which is also proved by the specific enzymes GLDH, gamma-GTP, by increased bilirubin levels, and by histological changes known from literature. The evaluation of enzymatic activities and bilirubin concentration in plasma can make a valuable contribution to correct diagnosis of aflatoxicoses in cattle.
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PMID:[Changes in enzyme activity induced by experimental aflatoxicosis in dairy cows]. 1 36

Brush border (BB) membranes, isolated from human kidney cortex by density gradient centrifugation, revealed a distinct pattern of structural proteins as could be shown by bio- and immunochemical studies. Marker enzymes such as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alanine-aminopeptidase (AAP) were characterized as extrinsic; alkaline phosphatase (AP) was characterized as an integral constituent of the BB membrane. The surface of the BB membranes exhibited numerous 5 nm particles bound through a linear component to the peripheral BB matrix (negative staining). Increase of AAP and GGTP (30%) activity in the supernatant after proteolytic treatment of BB fragments paralleled selective release of these constituents from the membranes. The surface components were found to be part of BB concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin receptor sites. Labelled antisera directed against surface glycoprotein fractions gave a specific immuno fluorescence staining of only the luminal plasma-membrane from the proximal tubule epithelia.
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PMID:Biochemical, immunological and ultrastructural studies on brush-border membranes of human kidney. 2 5

The interpretation of the morphological features of alcoholic hepatitis is discussed in terms of a comparison with the results of an ultrastructural and histoenzymological study of the liver biopsies of nine patients. In these patients liver biopsies were performed in the initial stage of the illness and fifteen days after five were re-biopsied, when the clinical and biological signs were improved. The correlations between morphological and biological data were good, especially for the levels of serological and histoenzymological alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase evaluations. However, when histological appearances had returned to normal, after two weeks of abstinence from alcohol several histological and ultrastructural features of the initial hepatitis persisted. The presence of evolving cirrhosis was a contributing factor to the severity of the changes seen. Morphologically, apart from the changes due to chronic alcoholic intoxication (steatosis, mitochondrial alteration), the hepatitic lesions comprise Mallory's bodies, cytoplasmic oedema and mitochondrial swelling. Cholestasis was invariably present. Histo-enzymologically there was a reduction in ATPase activity suggesting a metabolic failure in the energy producing pathways. In addition, in the periphery of lobules an active cirrhotic process was present, with tubular de-differentiation of hepatocytes and an increase in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase on the cytoplasmic membrane. Because of the absence of any topographical relationship between hepatitis and cirrhosis, the presence of lymphocytes in the neighbourhood of the ductules suggested an indirect relationship between both processes, perhaps an autoimmune response initiated by Mallory's bodies.
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PMID:[The hepatocyte in acute alcoholic hepatitis. Histoenzymological and ultrastructural analysis (author's transl)]. 3 Oct 27

Intensive care patients receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) developed alterations of liver function tests, seen in the activity of certain serum enzymes. Hepatomegaly and jaundice sometimes appeared. The changes in chemical pathology were in serum transaminases activity (GOT, GPT, GDH); alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase as indices of cholestasis; lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, as enzymes related to energy metabolism; pseudocholinesterase, as a protein metabolism-related enzyme. The possible causes of these alterations in critically ill patients undergoing TPN are considered and a functional final metabolic interpretation is proposed.
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PMID:Metabolic changes during prolonged total parenteral nutrition in intensive care. 3 24

In 317 patients with diseases of the liver and bile tract the authors determined LP-X in the serum and the obtained results were compared with the morphological findings in liver tissue or intraoperative examination of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Int he same patients serum bilirubin, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase activity, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and leucylaminopeptidase activity were determined. In the light of these results the authors believe that detection of LP-X in the serum is a sensitive and specific method in the diagnosis of cholestasis and that it is of greater usefulness than determination of alkaline phosphatase activity. Determinations of other biochemical parameters is of small diagnostic importance in these cases.
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PMID:Diagnostic importance of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in the diagnosis of cholestasis. 17 22

In 30 patients with histologically verified malignant liver processes, the authors have examined the value of the serum activity of liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and in a number of patients, 5'-nucleotidase. These values were compared with the findings received from scintigraphy of the liver. Based on the results obtained, the authors have concluded that the activities of the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gammaGT), 5'-nucleotidase and liver lactate dehydrogenase are more significantly increased in malignant processes of the liver than scintigraphy of the liver could register.
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PMID:Comparative investigations of some enzymatic parameters and liver scanning in the early detection of the malignant liver process. 23 1

1. Intestinal brush border membrane vesicles have been isolated form Rana catesbeiana tadpole. 2. Electron microscopy of brush border membrane vesicles demonstrates a fairly homogenous preparation of vesicles, some of them still containing electron dense material. 3. The dense vesicles probably comprise both microvillus core and membrane. 4. Negative staining of vesicles reveals the presence of knob-like structures (particles) covering the outer surface of the membrane. 5. The membranous fraction is characterized by a high specific activity of alkaline phosphatase, trehalase, glucoamylase, maltase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.
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PMID:Amphibian intestinal brush border membranes-I. Isolation from Rana catesbeiana tadpole. 31 43

The mean plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level was found to be significantly increased in 66 patients with alcoholic liver disease (4.4 micrograms/1) compared with the mean CEA level in 164 healthy blood donors (1.6 micrograms/1, p less than 0.001). Eighteen of the patients (27%) had values above our upper normal values of 5 micrograms/1, compared with 3 of 41 (7%) in a group of patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases. On the other hand, the mean CEA values in the two groups did not differ significantly. The CEA level remained unchanged in patients who continued drinking. However, in 20 patients who stopped drinking, the mean CEA levels dropped significantly from 6.6 micrograms/1 to 3.7 micrograms/1. Concomitant fluctuations were seen in CEA, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), asparate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alkaline phosphatase, although a significant correlation was found only between CEA level and the level of gamma-GT (r = 0.32, p less than 0.02). The correlation between CEA and gamma-GT was best in 41 patients without complicating disorders (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). CEA was significantly increased in patients with complicating disorders. Much of the increase of CEA in many patients with alcoholic liver disease might be secondary to complicating disorders in the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal tracts. This could possible explain why patients with alcoholic liver disease more often than other patients with benign diseases have elevated CEA.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with alcoholic liver diseases. 44 76

The disappearance rate of bromsulphthalein (BSP) has been studied in 43 patients before and during vaginal hysterectomy under three kinds of anesthesia: Halothane anesthesia, neuroleptanalgesia, and peridural anesthesia. Furthermore, serum enzymes were measured before and after surgery. The half-life of BSP in the elimination phase is significantly prolonged during general anesthesia but not during the peridural anesthesia in the same procedure. There were slight increases of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in the later postoperative days with no changes of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. It can be concluded that the known post-operative transient liver dysfunction, detected only by the BSP-test, occurs during the performance of surgery and is caused by the influence of the general anesthesia on the intrahepatic cell metabolism and not by the operative procedure itself.
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PMID:Transient liver deterioration induced by general anesthesia. 46 85


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