Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The operational characteristics of the Gilford System 3500 were evaluated for six months as to accuracy, precision, carry-over, reliability, and ease of operation. Accuracy was evaluated by comparison to manual methods of established accuracy. The tests evaluated and their respective correlation coefficients are as follows: glucose (0.99), blood urea nitrogen (0.99), calcium (0.97), total bilirubin (0.99), aspartate aminotransferase (0.97), alkaline phosphatase (0.98), albumin (0.96), and total protein (0.96). Within-run precision (CV) for three commercial calibration sera of differing analyte concentrations (low, intermediate, and high) were respectively: 0.69, 1.02, 1.18; 5.4, 1.2, 1.09; 0.83, 0.77, 0.86; 5.9, 1.0, 0.86; 6.4, 5.2, 2.1; 3.7, 1.5, 1.3; 0.0, 1.4, 0.97; and 1.2, 1.3, 0.75. Day-to-day precision, similarly evaluated during 101-164 days, met accepted criteria for clinically acceptable precision. Carry-over for each of the eight tests was less than 1%. Instrument reliability has been excellent, and training time is short. In summary, we have found the Gilford System 3500 to be sufficiently precise and fast, easy to operate, highly accurate, and flexible.
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PMID:Evaluation of a discrete-sample computer-directed clinical analyzer. 124 22

Increased concentrations of neopterin have been found in conditions causing a stimulation of cellular immunity, including various malignancies. In liver diseases, serum or urinary neopterin levels have been studied in acute viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver and liver cirrhosis. In the present study neopterin serum levels have been measured in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in 32 patients with liver cirrhosis, and in 28 healthy subjects as controls. Mean values of serum neopterin were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in patients with HCC (15.89 +/- 6.34 nmol/l) when compared with those of normal subjects (4.74 +/- 2.13 nmol/l), but no difference was observed between patients with HCC (associated or not with liver cirrhosis) and patients with liver cirrhosis. Neopterin concentrations are not affected by liver cirrhosis aetiology, nor by its clinical severity, and are not correlated to the values of serum alpha-fetoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, and gamma-globulin. The results show that there is a consistent overlap of values in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis; macrophage activation seems to be a feature of chronic liver diseases, irrespective of HCC development.
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PMID:Serum neopterin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 128 21

In order to assess the functional state of the liver in 45 repair service workers of a chemical plant producing pesticides the serum concentration and electrophoretic pattern of proteins, the concentration of bilirubin and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl- transpeptidase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic and malic dehydrogenase were determined. As compared to 35 healthy controls, not exposed to noxious chemicals, a significantly lower serum protein concentration with higher percentage of gamma-globulins and lower albumins and alpha 2-globulins were observed, the serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities were significantly elevated. Ultrasound examination of the hepatic structure revealed liver steatosis in 11 (24.4%) workers. The results of our study point to a discrete lesion of the liver.
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PMID:[Biochemical indices of liver function in workers from repair brigades in chemical plants "Organika-Azot" in Jaworz]. 128 52

Blood samples were collected from 91 rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa), immediately after being shot. Serum mean biochemical values from shot deer are presented for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, and phosphorus. Mean total protein and albumin increased with age. There was an age-associated increase of gamma globulins. Mean creatine kinase activity and creatinine, albumin and phosphorus concentrations were higher in stags than in hinds. Pregnant hinds had lower mean creatine kinase activity and phosphorus and higher mean alanine aminotransferase and total protein than non-pregnant hinds. Mean calcium concentration increased when deer were agitated before bleeding.
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PMID:Serum biochemical values of rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in New Caledonia. 128 72

The critical difference, which may help to judge whether the difference between two consecutive analytical results may be safely ascribed to natural variation or not, was calculated for 12 clinical chemical components determined in blood samples collected once a week for 5 consecutive weeks from 19 clinically healthy Red Danish dairy cows. For each clinical chemical component, the total variance of the analytical results was divided into the component of variance between cows (S2Inter), the component of variance for weeks within cows (S2Intra) and the component of variance for measurements (S2Anal) using nested analysis of variance. The critical difference calculated in absolute values from S2Intra and S2Anal was 0.15 mu kat per 1 for alanine aminotransferase, 0.55 mu kat per 1 for aspartate aminotransferase, 0.57 mu kat per 1 for alkaline phosphatase, 0.14 mu kat per 1 for gamma-glutamyltransferase, 1.95 mu kat per 1 for creatine kinase, 2.23 mmol per 1 for urea, 22 mu mol per 1 for creatinine, 2.4 g per 1 for albumin, 10.0 g per 1 for serum protein Total, 0.71 mmol per 1 for glucose, 0.54 mmol per 1 for calcium and 0.25 mmol per 1 for magnesium. These critical differences may be used as guidelines to evaluate the difference between two consecutive analytical results in cows. However, the analytical results should not be assessed by the critical differences alone, but should also be compared with the corresponding reference intervals.
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PMID:Critical differences of clinical chemical components in blood from Red Danish dairy cows based on weekly measurements. 129 85

Fifteen Slovak Merino sheep were included in the experiment. The animals weighing 21-28 kg were divided into three groups per five animals. In a six-week feeding experiment the animals of group I were given 50 mg supermethrin per kg live weight per day while those of group II received 200, and from week four of the experiment 300 mg supermethrin per kg live weight per day. During the experiment changes of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), acetylcholine esterase (EC 3.1.1.7), urea und creatinine levels in blood serum were observed. Six weeks after supermethrin treatment the sheep were slaughtered and histochemical evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and non-specific esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) was carried out in liver, kidney, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In the course of the experiment changes of the enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase observed in both experimental groups of sheep were similar to those seen in the control group of animals (Tab. I). As compared to the starting values, no significant changes in the activity of alanine aminotransferase were observed in group II of the experiment and in the controls. However, a significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase activity could be seen in the blood serum of sheep of group I (Tab. II). In both experimental groups of animals no significant changes in the acetylcholine esterase could be seen (Tab. III). As compared to the starting values, no significant changes were observed in creatinine levels of the control and the 1st experimental group of sheep (Tab. IV). In the sheep of the 2nd group a temporary significant decrease (p < 0.05) in creatinine levels was seen. The dynamics of urea levels was similar to starting values in all animals throughout the experiment Tab. V). In the control group of animals (Fig. 1) the high density of reaction product of alkaline phosphatase was determined in the microvilli of enterocytes of the small intestine. In the small intestine of the animals of both experimental groups, the activity of this enzyme was shown to be located in the same zone (Fig. 2). In all experimental animals in the parenchyma of the liver and kidney no significant changes could be observed. In both experimental and control animals the high activity of acid phosphatase was demonstrated to be located especially in the cytoplasma of enterocytes. The activity of non-specific esterase was located in the cytoplasma of enterocytes of the small intestine, in the intestinal crypts its activity was slight up to high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Biochemical aspects of the toxic effects of Supermethrin and the histochemical activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase in subchronic poisoning in sheep]. 129 70

In glycogen storage disease type III (glycogen debranching enzyme (DE) deficiency), the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase may be strikingly elevated during childhood but are low during adult life. To determine the pattern of the elevated serum enzyme activities in relationship to diet, the biochemical subtype and clinical symptoms, 13 patients with DE deficiency were studied. Activities of serum aspartate and alanine transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were markedly elevated during infancy. Continued elevation of enzyme activities during childhood appeared to be related to DE deficiency in liver, but unrelated to DE deficiency in muscle. Activity elevations correlated inconsistently with diet and poorly with childhood growth rate or the presence of hypoglycaemia. The serum enzyme activities declined around puberty concomitantly with a decrease in liver size. Although periportal fibrosis and micronodular cirrhosis indicated the presence of hepatocellular damage during childhood, the decline in serum enzyme activities with age and the absence of overt hepatic dysfunction suggest that the fibrotic process may not always progress.
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PMID:Glycogen debranching enzyme deficiency: long-term study of serum enzyme activities and clinical features. 129 83

We sought to determine if there were any differences in the results of clinical laboratory tests between blood samples collected from the orbital venous plexus and the posterior vena cava of adult male rats. Thirty healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation, and blood samples were collected successively from the orbital venous plexus (OVP) and the posterior vena cava (PVC) for hematologic (n = 10), serum chemistry (n = 10), and coagulation (n = 10) analyses. The prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times of samples from the OVP were prolonged (17% and 288%, respectively) when compared with samples from the PVC. Respective hematologic biases were as follows: red blood cell count (7%), hemoglobin (6%), hematocrit (5%), mean corpuscular volume (-3%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (-1%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (1%), white blood cell count (13%), and platelet count (-7%). Respective serum chemistry biases were as follows: sorbitol dehydrogenase (-7%), glucose (-7%), blood urea nitrogen (-10%), creatinine (-2%), total protein (4%), albumin (2%), globulin (9%), alkaline phosphatase (5%), lactate dehydrogenase (-6%), aspartate aminotransferase (-5%), alanine aminotransferase (-2%), total bilirubin (0%), direct bilirubin (0%), magnesium (-17%), sodium (4%), potassium (0), chloride (4%), calcium (-2%), phosphorous (-17%), cholesterol (3%), triglycerides (24%), creatinine kinase (-8%), 5'nucleotidase (0%), and total bile acids (4%). For hematologic testing, there were no biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC. The coagulation times and serum Mg and P showed biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of bleeding site on clinical laboratory testing of rats: orbital venous plexus versus posterior vena cava. 132 Jan 64

Twenty-six 3-week-old genetically obese pigs were fed in two experiments to determine the serum chemistry profile during severe protein malnutrition and repletion. Severe protein deficiency was produced in pigs fed the high-fat, low-protein diet (growth failure, rough hair, low serum total protein and albumin). In Experiment 1, blood was sampled from the anterior vena cava of each pig five times during depletion and three times during repletion to determine serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, total bilirubin, urea N, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. In Experiment 2, blood was sampled weekly for 8 weeks for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, glucose, Ca, P, Mg and alkaline phosphatase. HDL-cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.01) and albumin was decreased (P less than 0.01) in protein-deficient pigs in both experiments. Creatinine, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated in protein-deficient pigs compared with controls after 7 weeks of depletion. Inorganic P (P less than 0.01), Ca (P less than 0.01), and Mg (P less than 0.05) concentrations were depressed in protein-depleted pigs compared with controls in both experiments. After 8 weeks of repletion in Experiment 1, all elements except inorganic P were similar in the two groups. Short-term, severe, protein malnutrition affected lipid, electrolyte, and structural mineral metabolism and indices of liver function in the absence of parasites, diarrhea, and infection. The effects were reversed after 8 weeks of repletion. We conclude that the elevated serum cholesterol in protein deficiency is related primarily to an increase in the HDL fraction.
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PMID:Response of blood serum constituents to production of and recovery from a kwashiorkor-like syndrome in the young pig. 135 73

The impact of dengue on liver function was studied by biochemical tests on 125 male and 145 female patients diagnosed with this disease during an outbreak that extended from November 1987 to December 1988. Abnormal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (G-GT) were observed in 93.3%, 82.2%, 7.2%, 16.3% and 83.0% of the patients, respectively. The elevation of transaminases was mild to moderate in most cases, but was 10-fold greater than the normal upper limit for AST and ALT in 11.1% and 7.4% of the patients, respectively. Initially, the level of AST was greater than that of ALT, increasing to maximum levels nine days after the onset of symptoms, then decreasing to normal levels within two weeks. Results of the biochemical tests did not differ significantly between the cases with and without hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection, but significantly higher elevations of AST, ALT, and G-GT were observed in patients with episodes of bleeding. Liver biopsies of two patients showed features of lobular hepatitis. Of the five fatal cases, three died of hepatic failure. It is concluded that dengue fever may cause hepatic injury and transaminase elevation similar to that in patients with conventional viral hepatitis. In epidemic or endemic areas, dengue fever infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis.
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PMID:Liver biochemical tests and dengue fever. 135 50


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