Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human bone cells were obtained as the outgrowth from cancellous bone fragments pretreated with collagenase and DNase. The osteogenic potential of cells in primary culture was assessed upon intramuscular transplantation into young mice pretreated with cortisone. Transplants were recovered after 2 weeks and examined by light microscopy. Of 34 transplants, 6 showed evidence of osteogenesis and 12 the production of unmineralized matrix. Only cells were observed in the other transplants. In an attempt to find a biochemical marker for osteogenic cells we have assayed medium osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase activity levels in cultures before transplantation. No correlation was found between the level of expression of the two osteoblast markers and the osteogenic potential of the cells.
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PMID:In vivo osteogenic activity of isolated human bone cells. 204 31

In order to clarify the relation between the synthetic condition and the biocompatibility in vitro, a dynamics of the osteogenic MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on hydroxyapatite ceramics (HAC) was examined. HAC used in this study was sintered at temperatures of 1000 degrees C or 1350 degrees C to produce the dense ceramics material, and then smoothly surfaced (0.3 micron). Disk (diameter: 10mm, thickness: 1mm) of HAC were placed in plastic disk. The cells were inoculated at 3000 cells/disk on HAC, and cultured for up to 18 Days. In scanning electron microscopic observation, cell proliferation cultured on the polished HAC was more active than that on the unpolished HAC. Furthermore, cell proliferation cultured on the 1000 degrees C-HAC was more active than that on the 1350 degrees C-HAC. Width, length and concentration of microvilli (MV) on the cell surface cultured on the 1000 degrees C-HAC were more dense, and increased with cultivation. Length and concentration of MV of the cells cultured on the 1000 degrees C-HAC were more dense than that on the 1350 degrees C-HAC. Most of the cells cultured on each material were intensely positive with alkaline phosphatase or von Kossa staining. However, the cells cultured on the 1000 degrees C-HAC were more positive than those on 1350 degrees C-HAC. In conclusion, these results suggest that the synthetic condition of HAC have close connection with the biocompatibility.
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PMID:[Morphological changes of osteogenic cells on hydroxyapatite ceramics sintered at different temperatures]. 213 14

Two established osteogenic cell lines (NY, MC 3 T3-E 1) were used in vitro to determine the biocompatibility of glass ceramics and their effect on initial calcification of osteogenic cells. Morphological study of the cell under the phase-contrast microscopy and histochemical staining were applied as follows. First, glass ceramic granules were placed in 60 mm dishes, and cells were suspended in the dishes in alpha-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS (basic medium) or medium with 50 micrograms/ml of L-ascorbic acid added. After 8 or 14 day of culturing, calcium formation was tested by von-Kossa's staining. Also, alkaline phosphatase staining was performed by the azo-dye method. As controls, cultures in dishes without glass ceramic granules were stained at the same time. The results obtained in the experimental culture were as follows. 1. Phase contrast microscopy showed that contacts with glass ceramics did not cause cellular death or degeneration. 2. In both cell cultures with the glass ceramics the von-Kossa reaction was positive as early as the 8th day. 3. The alkaline phosphatase reaction on the 8th day occurred only in MC 3 T3-E 1. The reaction was localized on fibroblastic cells which proliferated three-dimensionally around glass ceramics, and on small polyhedral cells situated relatively for apart from the ceramics. 4. On the 14th day, the MC 3 T 3-E 1 formed large nodules around the glass ceramics, and they were stained uniformly positive by von-Kossa's method. The alkaline phosphatase-positive cells extended spoke-like forms. 5. In medium with L-ascorbic acid, growth of NY was inhibited, After being cultured for 14 days, abundant von-Kossa positive reaction was found around glass ceramics in both cells. In MC 3 T 3-E1 on the 8th days, the alkaline phosphatase reaction was stronger with glass ceramics than with basic medium only. On the contrary, in the control cultures of both cells there was negative von-Kossa reaction during the culture period. The above results showed that glass ceramic granules have the biocompatibility needed for bone grafts, and they facilitated calcification of MC 3 T 3-E 1 in culture.
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PMID:[Basic studies on glass ceramics. 3. Influence on calcification of osteogenic cells in vitro]. 213 79

In order to clear the relation between cell activity and morphology of their microvilli (MV), osteogenic MC3T3E-1 cells were cultured on plastic cover slips. Those cells have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and mineralize in vitro. Histochemically, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive cells appeared with ALP staining at 4 days, and they increased gradually day by day. However ALP activity advanced rapidly in the culture adding dexamethasone (Dex) into the medium from 6 to 12 days culture. In scanning electron microscopic study, MV were observed on the surface of irregularly-shaped spread cells from 4 to 12 days. At the early stage, MV showed like fine filaments. Concentration, width and length of MV increased gradually with cultivation. On day 12, the long MV with a few particles were observed to some degree. In the presence of Dex, concentration and length of MV were much better than in the absence of Dex. Furthermore MV with many particles were seen more frequently. These results demonstrate that development of MV have close connection with differentiation of the cells.
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PMID:[Surface morphology of osteogenic cell]. 213 89

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OGI) is a rare genetic disease which, as a result of a disorder in the formation of the organic stroma of the bone due to a defect in osteogenic function, induces brittle bones, whereby only weak forces bring about multiple, repeated pathological fractures. This disease is thought to entail various problems with regards to carrying out pediatric dentistry due to the ease with which bones may be fractured. We report here the findings obtained as a result of the careful examination of a 1-year-3-month-old girl encountered in our practice and who was diagnosed as having osteogenesis imperfecta. 1) Out of the three major symptoms for osteogenesis imperfecta, this case showed signs of fragile bones and blue scleras, but did not reveal signs of deafness. 2) There was retardation in system growth and development. 3) Aside from a high level of alkaline phosphatase, there were no notable abnormalities revealed in the biochemical blood tests. 4) Dentinogenesis imperfecta was observed throughout the erupted teeth. 5) There was a definite improvement in cooperation with each visit to the clinic.
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PMID:[Case report of osteogenesis imperfecta]. 215 62

The hybrid plasmid pK4 containing the early genes of the simian virus SV-40, under the control of the adenovirus type 5 E1a promoter, was introduced into the multipotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) 1003. Expression of the SV-40 oncogenes was observed at the EC cell stage, and this allowed the derivation of immortalized cells corresponding to early stages of differentiation. Among the immortalized mesodermal derivatives obtained, one clone, C1, is committed to the osteogenic pathway. C1 cells have a stable phenotype, synthesize type I collagen, and express alkaline phosphatase activity. Although immortalized and expressing the SV-40 T antigen, the cells continue to be able to differentiate in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, after injection into syngeneic mice, they produce osteosarcomas. In vitro, the cells form nodules and deposit a collagenous matrix that mineralizes, going to hydroxyapatite crystal formation, in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate. This clonal cell line, which originates from an embryonal carcinoma, therefore differentiates into osteogenic cells in vivo and in vitro. This immortalized cell line will be useful in identifying specific molecular markers of the osteogenic pathway, to investigate gene regulation during osteogenesis and to study the ontogeny of osteoblasts.
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PMID:An immortalized osteogenic cell line derived from mouse teratocarcinoma is able to mineralize in vivo and in vitro. 215 46

Osteogenin, a novel bone differentiation factor, was recently purified and characterized. We examined its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. Cell proliferation was inhibited the first 48 h after addition of osteogenin, and this effect was independent of serum. Osteogenin did not influence the cell morphology. Alkaline phosphatase promptly increased in a dose and time-dependent manner and appeared to be specific. Treatment with TGF-beta 1 resulted in inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity, and was reversed by osteogenin within 48 h. Cell cultures treated with osteogenin for 72 h after confluence became responsive to parathyroid hormone. Synthesis of collagenous proteins was stimulated by osteogenin. The present results demonstrate a significant influence of osteogenin on the differentiation of osteogenic phenotype in MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro.
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PMID:Osteogenin inhibits proliferation and stimulates differentiation in mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1). 215 18

A cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-selected cell line (MT-R10) was induced by continuous exposure of an in vitro passaged cell line (MT-P) established from a transplantable rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH-MT) to CDDP. MT-R10, capable of proliferating in the presence of 1.0 microgram CDDP/ml, was passaged in CDDP-free medium. The doubling time of MT-R10 at passage 10 (MT-R10/10) was almost the same as that of MT-P, being 22.3 and 25.5 h, respectively. The concentration of CDDP required for 50% inhibition of MT-R10/10 proliferation was two-fold higher than that of MT-P. MT-R10 consisted of round, epithelial-type cells arranged in compact sheets. Ultrastructurally, MT-R10 had numerous free ribosomes, some mitochondria, and other poorly developed cytoplasmic organelles suggesting its undifferentiated nature. MT-R10 showed no reaction for acid phosphatase or non-specific esterase. Tumors induced in syngeneic rats by inoculation with MT-R10 consisted of small, round, undifferentiated cells with scanty cytoplasm. They showed organoid and trabecular patterns, and were often arranged in compact sheets. The neoplastic cells showed no reaction for any of the histiocytic lysosomal and antigenic markers tested, but exhibited a strong reaction for alkaline phosphatase. Bone formation was often observed in the tumors. These observations suggest that CDDP-selected, undifferentiated cells may have osteogenic potential and may be one of the progenitor cells of MFH-MT.
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PMID:Characteristics of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-selected in vitro passaged cells derived from a transplantable rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 217 46

Osteogenic tumours from c-fos (MT-c-fos-LTR)-transgenic mice and from mice infected with the v-fos-bearing FBR murine osteosarcoma virus (FBR MSV) showed close morphological and neoplastic similarities. Fos mRNA expression was elevated in both types of tumours, and expression of several genes characteristic of differentiated bone cells was either lower, enhanced, or not detectable in comparison to that in normal bone. Tumour-derived cell lines showed variable levels of exogenous fos expression; bone-cell-specific genes were similarly expressed in both primary tumours and tumour-derived cell lines. Upon transplantation the tumour cells formed fibrosarcomas, some of which contained areas of focal osseochondrous differentiation. Non-tumorigenic cell lines established from bone tissue of normal and MT-c-fos-LTR transgenic mice showed osteoblastic characteristics, whereas no parathyroid hormone (PTH) response was observed in transgenic tumour cell lines in spite of high alkaline phosphatase activity. These data indicate that deregulated fos expression interferes with terminal osteogenic differentiation in v-fos- and c-fos-induced bone tumours.
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PMID:Characterization of fos-induced osteogenic tumours and tumour-derived murine cell lines. 217 37

We have studied intramembranous bone formation in the developing rat mandible. In this system discrete developmental stages can be readily distinguished: mesenchymal condensation, osteoid deposition, and mineralization. In mandibles of 14-day rat embryos avascular condensed mesenchymal cells can be discerned in a region lateral to Meckel's cartilage and anterior to the first molar bud. In 18-day embryos primary bone structures with mineral deposition are evident, and at 2 days postnatally the mandible is extensively mineralized. In the developing mandible we investigated the pattern of bone/liver/kidney/placenta (BLKP) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alpha 2(I) procollagen expression in the differentiating osteoblasts. The level of ALP activity in loose mesenchymal tissue is close to background levels. In contrast, the condensed mesenchymal cells in 14-day embryos, which will subsequently form bone, display intense ALP activity prior to discernible osteoid or mineral deposition. ALP activity in the condensed mesenchymal cells can be inhibited by levamisole, indicating activity of the BLKP gene product. We could not detect a corresponding increase in transcript level for either ALP or alpha 2(I) in the condensed mesenchyme in 14-day embryo using in situ hybridization, probably due to low message abundance. At 18 days, cells throughout the developing mandible express ALP activity, and intense in situ hybridization to BLKP ALP probes is evident in cells lining the developing bone trabeculae. Alpha 2(I) procollagen transcripts have accumulated in cells of the developing mandibular bone, but are not specifically localized to osteoblastic cells. Our results demonstrate that ALP activity is a very early marker of differentiation of cells of the osteogenic lineage, since a marked increase in ALP enzyme activity is clearly detectable in condensed mesenchymal cells prior to osteoid or mineral deposition. In contrast, Wright and Leblond, using the same model system and immunohistochemistry, could not localize type I collagen to preosteoblastic cells surrounding the developing bone trabeculae, and demonstrated localization of type I collagen to osteoblasts bordering developing trabeculae, indicating a substantial increase in type I collagen expression (at least at the protein level) during preosteoblast to osteoblast differentiation. These results indicate a discrete pattern of regulation for both the ALP and alpha 2(I) genes during osteogenic differentiation, which may involve both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.
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PMID:Regulation of alkaline phosphatase and alpha 2(I) procollagen synthesis during early intramembranous bone formation in the rat mandible. 227 12


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