Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polymorphism for the number of the blood proteins (transferrin, alkaline phosphatase, haptoglobin, plasma esterase and erythrocyte esterase) have been exposed by means of starch gel electrophoresis of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus from three regions: Pelagic of Commander Islands (n = 164), Rockery of Robben Island (Sakhalin population, n = 308), winter todder region to the east of Honshu Island (n = 110). The reliable differences have been exposed between fur seals of the Commander and Sakhalin populations by the gene frequencies Tf and Es pl. Fur seals from winter todder region turned out to be closer to Commander population, that to the Robben one. However, originality of gene frequencies of locus Ap (alkaline phosphatase), revealed from the todder region animals, is difficult to explain by the mixture of the Commander and Robben population only. Perhaps, this originality is caused by the influence of Pribylov population. It is established that hemoglobin of northern fur seal consists of two components (Hb I + Hb II). Individual variability of hemoglobin results in the variation of the colour intensity of the "slow" component (Hb II).
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PMID:[Biochemical polymorphism in the northern fur seal, Callorhinus usinus, from 3 regions of the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean]. 90 85

Fischer 344 rats were exposed to three concentrations of exhaust generated by an M85 methanol-fueled engine (methanol with 15% gasoline) without catalyst for 8 h/d, 7 d/wk for 7, 14, 21, or 28 d. Concentration- and time-dependent yellowing of the fur was prominent in all treated groups. Concentration-dependent increases in the erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, formaldehyde in plasma, and carboxyhemoglobin in the erythrocytes, and decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity were seen after all exposure periods. Histopathologically, lesions were found in the nasal cavity and lungs after 7 d of exposure. Squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of level 1 (level of the posterior edge of the upper incisor teeth) lining of the nasoturbinate and/or maxilloturbinate and infiltration of neutrophils into the submucosa, and decreases of Clara cells in the terminal bronchiolus and of cilia in the bronchiolar epithelium, were observed in the high-concentration group (carbon monoxide, 94 ppm; formaldehyde, 6.9 ppm; methanol, 17.9 ppm; nitrogen oxides, 52.7 ppm; nitrogen dioxide, 10.6 ppm). The histopathological extents of several lesions increased slightly with the exposure time. Slight squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium at level 1 were also observed in the medium-concentration group (one in three of the high-concentration group). No histopathological changes were found in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity. In the low-concentration group (one in nine of the high-concentration group), no marked histopathological changes in these organs were observed. These results may suggest that the lesions observed in the nasal cavity of rats exposed to methanol-fueled engine exhaust were mainly caused by formaldehyde, although other components in the exhaust also may have affected nasal cavity and/or lungs to less extent.
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PMID:Toxicity to rats of methanol-fueled engine exhaust inhaled continuously for 28 days. 138 57

1. Hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody APP.1 to the harp seal alkaline phosphatase (A1Ph) was obtained by fusing murine myeloma Sp 2/0 cells with the splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with purified isozyme K. 2. The antibody has no effect on the enzyme activity and shows a high affinity for harp seal A1Ph (KD = 8.5 x 10(-10) M). The antibody has similar affinities for the AlPh of harp seal, fur seal, common seal and deer. 3. The antibody APP.1 was coupled to Sepharose and employed in chromatographic purification of the harp seal intestinal AlPh. Alkaline phosphatase isolated on this immunosorbent has a spec. act. of 20,800 units per mg of protein. 4. The antibody-enzyme complex gives an excellent immunocytochemical labeling of tissue sections, cell cultures and smears.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody to alkaline phosphatase from the intestinal mucosa of the harp seal, Phoca groenlandica. 161 86

Monoclonal antibodies (termed as APP.1 and related to subclass IgG1) against seal alkaline phosphatase, have been obtained. APP.1 did not influence the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase. The dissociation constant for the APP.1 interaction with Greenland seal alkaline phosphatase was equal to 8.5 x 10(-10) M. It was found that APP.1 interact with intestinal isoenzymes of common and fur seal, calf and deer alkaline phosphatases. An APP.1 complex with seal alkaline phosphatase was obtained and successfully applied in immunoenzymatic analysis. The use of this complex made it possible to diminish the limit of detectability of antibodies against peptide fragments of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteins. Moreover, this complex allowed the identification of cytokeratin-8 and vimentin in human kidney slices and embryonic fibroblast-like cells, respectively.
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PMID:[Preparation and use of monoclonal antibodies against seal alkaline phosphatase]. 172 98

Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques have been used to characterize further the two major mouse allergens, antigen 1 (Ag 1) and antigen 3 (Ag 3). Gel filtration using Sephacryl S-200 showed Ag 1 to have a molecular weight of 18 kD and Ag 3 of 21 kD. SDS-PAGE followed by Western blotting onto nitrocellulose then incubation with individual antisera directed against each of the two major allergens, and an alkaline phosphatase enzyme system, was used to distinguish between the two allergens and indicated a molecular weight of 17 kD for Ag 1 and 16 kD for Ag 3. Ag 3 but not Ag 1 was shown to contain polysaccharide residues. Immunohistochemical staining of mouse skin sections demonstrated that antigens detected in whole dust extracts were present in the hair follicles, on the hair shafts and on the stratum corneum. Staining of similar sections using the rabbit anti-Ag 3 showed the presence of this major allergen in the hair follicles coating the hairs and extending along the skin surface. Serum from a pool of mouse-allergic subjects also demonstrated staining in the same areas when detected using a fluorescein-labelled anti-human IgE as second antibody. As both major allergens were present in extracts of fur this would appear to be most appropriate for use in diagnosis (i.e. skin test and RAST) and also possibly desensitization. However, dust from isolators (available in greater amounts) would be equally suitable.
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PMID:Allergy to mice. II. Further characterization of two major mouse allergens (AG 1 and AG 3) and immunohistochemical investigations of their sources. 231 Sep 85

The hemolytic activity of Serratia marcescens was examined as a function of iron availability. Restriction of iron by the nonmetabolizable chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl or the iron-binding protein transferrin produced a marked increase in hemolytic activity. The hemolytic activity of S. marcescens is determined by two adjacent genes, 5'-shlB-shlA-3', where shlA encodes the hemolysin which requires the ShlB protein for activity. A gene fusion between the promoter-proximal portion of shlA and phoA, the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase gene, was subcloned into a medium-copy-number vector, and the recombinant plasmid was introduced into S. marcescens. The expression of shlA was measured as a function of alkaline phosphatase activity, which increased threefold under iron-restricted conditions. Removal of the 5' noncoding region upstream of shlB in the fusion vector resulted in a 10-fold decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity under iron-sufficient conditions, with no effect of iron limitation on this residual activity. This suggested that the site mediating iron regulation of shlA expression occurs upstream of shlB. Consistent with this, we observed iron-regulated synthesis of the ShlB protein in Western immunoblots of isolated outer membranes. The hemolysin determinant was subsequently expressed on a medium-copy-number vector in fur+/fur isogenic strains of E. coli K-12, where a 10-fold-higher activity was observed in the mutant strain compared with the wild type. A sequence exhibiting some homology to the Fur-binding consensus sequence was identified upstream of the shlB coding region, overlapping the -35 region of a putative promoter.
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PMID:Iron regulation of Serratia marcescens hemolysin gene expression. 304 76

Laboratory characteristics of a metabolic disease (Osteodystrophia fibrosa) in standard young minks and arctic foxes is described. In comparison with the control group, while the biochemical characteristics of the blood samples of arctic foxes was not very different from the control group in the contents of macroelements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), significant differences were revealed by the analyses of the bone samples of os femoris. In young minks the ash weight in 1 g of fat-free dry matter made only 321.94 mg (52.45%), while in the control group 613.82 mg. A similar decrease (P less than 0.01) was observed, in comparison with the control, in the contents of calcium and phosphorus (44.75% and 56.90%). A slight increase in the magnesium content is not statistically significant. Evaluation of ash content in os femoris in young arctic foxes gave similar results. Biochemical characteristics of their blood showed a significant increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. An application of the chemical analyses of bones to diagnosing metabolic disturbances in fur animals is discussed.
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PMID:[Changes in the mineral content of bones in fibrous osteodystrophy in standard minks and Arctic foxes]. 308 12

Shiga-like toxin is an iron-regulated cytotoxin quite similar to Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae 1. The structural genes for Shiga-like toxin in Escherichia coli (sltA and sltB) appear to be transcribed as an operon from a promoter upstream of sltA. We used a gene fusion between the promoter and proximal portion of sltA with the gene for bacterial alkaline phosphatase to assess the regulation of toxin expression. Growth in low-iron conditions resulted in a 13- to 16-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. In the presence of a null mutation in the fur locus, however, alkaline phosphatase activity was constitutively high regardless of the iron concentration. These data indicate negative regulation of the slt operon by the fur gene product. We used deletion analysis of the region upstream of the gene fusion to localize the promoter of the slt operon and to show that a region of DNA between the -35 and -10 boxes is necessary for iron regulation of slt expression. In this region, there is a 21-base-pair dyad repeat that is homologous to similar dyads in the promoter regions of three other fur-regulated genes. This region of dyad symmetry may represent an operator binding site for the Fur protein in the presence of iron.
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PMID:Iron regulation of Shiga-like toxin expression in Escherichia coli is mediated by the fur locus. 330 53

Seventy-two 3-mo-old pastel mink were fed diets that contained 0, 33, 60, 108, 194 or 350 ppm supplemental fluorine (F), as NaF, for 382 d to assess its effects on growth, fur quality, reproduction and survivability. The basal diet contained 35 ppm F as fed. No significant differences were observed in body weight gains or fur quality between the controls and any of the F-treated groups (P greater than .05). Some males fed 350 ppm supplemental F for a 4-mo period prior to pelting had weakened frontal, parietal and femoral bones that fractured during the pelting process. The F treatments had no measurable adverse effects on breeding, gestation, whelping or lactation, although only 14% of the kits whelped by females fed 350 ppm F survived to 3 wk of age. The survivability of the adult mink was adversely affected only at 350 ppm supplemental F. At the termination of the study, no differences were observed in hematologic parameters or serum calcium concentrations between the controls and treated mink (P greater than .05), but serum alkaline phosphatase activities were increased (P less than .05) by the two highest dietary F levels. Serum F levels were elevated (P less than .01) only in mink fed 194 and 350 ppm F, and urinary and femoral F concentrations in the treated animals were generally greater (P less than .05; P less than .01) than control values and were closely related with dietary F levels. Femoral ash contents of the 194 and 350 ppm F-treated mink were less than the control values (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Chronic toxicity of dietary fluorine to mink. 344 90

Male and female albino Wistar rats were exposed to concentrations of 0, 1, 10 or 20 ppm formaldehyde vapour during 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 weeks. Treatment-related changes observed at 20 ppm included in both sexes: stared coats, uncoordinated locomotion and excitation during the first 30 minutes of each exposure, yellowing of the fur, growth retardation, a decreased level of plasma protein, severe and extensive karatinized stratified squamous metaplasia of the nasal respiratory epithelium, and focal degeneration and squamous metaplasia occasionally accompanied by keratinization of the olfactory epithelium; in males only; increased activities of plasma aspartate amino transferase (ASAT), alanine amino transferase (ALAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and squamous metaplasia of the laryngeal epithelium. Lesions seen at 10 ppm included yellowing of the fur and moderate squamous metaplasia of the nasal respiratory epithelium. The only change observed in three out of twenty 1 ppm exposed animals that might or might not be treatment-related was minimal focal epithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium lining the nasal septum and maxillary turbinates. No histopathological evidence of hepatotoxicity was detected in any of the formaldehyde-treated groups. An in vivo/in vitro cell proliferation study showed an increase in [3H]-thymidine labeling index of the respiratory epithelium lining the nasoturbinates of rats exposed to 10 or 20 ppm formaldehyde on three successive days, whereas at the 1 ppm level the labeling index was similar to that of controls. It was concluded that under the conditions of the present 13-week inhalation study, formaldehyde at concentrations up to 10 ppm was not hepatotoxic to rats. At the 20 ppm formaldehyde level, a slight effect on the liver of male rats cannot be completely excluded. The study was inconclusive with respect to 1 ppm formaldehyde being a cytotoxic or a no-cytotoxic effect level for the nasal epithelium.
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PMID:Subchronic (13-week) inhalation toxicity study of formaldehyde in rats. 361 96


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