Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intensive care patients receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) developed alterations of liver function tests, seen in the activity of certain serum enzymes. Hepatomegaly and jaundice sometimes appeared. The changes in chemical pathology were in serum transaminases activity (GOT, GPT, GDH); alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase as indices of cholestasis; lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, as enzymes related to energy metabolism; pseudocholinesterase, as a protein metabolism-related enzyme. The possible causes of these alterations in critically ill patients undergoing TPN are considered and a functional final metabolic interpretation is proposed.
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PMID:Metabolic changes during prolonged total parenteral nutrition in intensive care. 3 24

The physiopathological effects were studied of a common high erucic acid rapeseed oil as well as of Janpol, a low erucic acid oil produced of a rapeseed variety selected in Poland. Its erucic acid content equals 2.8% of total fatty acids. The studies were carried out on white male Wistar rats, 25 days old at the beginning of experiment. These animals were divided into 6 groups fed the diets in which 10 or 20% of kcal well supplied either by high erucic acid rapeseed oil, by Janpol rapeseed oil, or by the sunflower oil. The experiment lasted 6 months. Following parameters were determined: increase in body weight, the weight of selected organs, blood serum alkaline phosphatase and pseudocholinesterase activities, blood serum cholesterol and triglycerides level, the content of corticosterone in the adrenal glands and blood plasma. The liver was studied histochemically for the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases and of ATP-ase, as well as for the presence of lipids. Morphological studies of the myocardium comprised macroscopic, histological and electron microscopic investigation. The low erucic acid rapeseed oil Janpol seems to evoke less disturbances than the high erucic acid one. Supplied in the amount corresponding to 10% of total calories intake the former exerts the effect on the biochemical and morphological parameters similar to that of sunflower oil. It can be thus assumed that the low erucic acid rapeseed oil Janpol can be used in the feeding of man when served in the amount lower than 10% of total calories.
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PMID:[Researches on the physiopathologic effects of rapeseed oil with high and low erucic acid content]. 15 22

Comprehensive investigations were carried out for establishing the biological and nutritional value of low erucic-acid rapeseed oil from a variety of rape called Janpol selected in Poland. The pathophysiological effects of Janpol rapeseed oil were observed after giving it as the only source of fat in the diet or added in different proportions to other edible fats. In all cases the total amount of fat in the diet was 20 p. 100 kcal. The investigations were carried out on 78 young male Wistar rats aged 25 days at the beginning of the experiment. The rats were divided into 7 groups and they were given diets containing: 1) soybean oil; 2) mixed fats; 3) rapeseed oil of high erucic-acid content; 4) mixed fats containing 25 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 5) mixed fats with 50 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 6) mixed fats with 75 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 7) Janpol rapeseed oil only. The experiment lasted 3 months. After its completion the rats were decapitated after 18 hours of starvation. The investigation s included : determination of weight gain, determination of the weight of selected organs (liver-lungs, heart, kidneys, testes, spleen), determination of alkaline phosphatase and pseudocholinesterase activity in the serum, determination of triglycerides and cholesterol in the serum, tests for adrenocortical function, histo-chemical investigations of the liver (alkaline and acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, fatty infiltration of the liver), macroscopic and microscopic anatomopathological examinations. The authors found the Janpol rapeseed oil caused less pronounced changes in the determined indices of the biological and nutritional evaluation as compared with high-erucic-acid rapeseed oil. Janpol repeseed oil given to experimental animals mixed with other fats in proportions of 25 p. 100 and 50 p. 100 of all fats in the diet, that is 5 p. 100 and 10 p. 100 kcal in the diet derived from Janpol oil gave in most determinations of the investigated parameters results very similar to those observed in animals receiving soybean oil. The results of these investigations show that Janpol rapesed oil can be used for nutrition of man in amounts not exceeding 10 p. 100 of the total caloric content of food.
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PMID:[Nutritional and biological experiences on low-erucic acid rapeseed oil "Janpol". Studies on rats after ingestion of "Janpol" oil and other edible fats]. 22 Sep

Blood samples from 109 Siriono (Eastern Bolivia) belonging to the Tupi-Guarani group were investigated for enzyme variants in the following systems: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, phospho-glucomutase (locus 1 and 2), acid phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase, NADH diaphorase, pseudocholinesterase (E1 and E2 locus), and serum alkaline phosphatase. The most relevant observations are: (1) A relative lack of polymorphism, a characteristic feature of the Amerindian populations studied up to now. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a 'common ancestral background' in Indian populations whatever the degree of sociocultural and linguistic diversity, and the geographical distances. (2) Specific traits due to the frequency of alleles in some systems confer to that tribe a particular position among Amerindians. The effects of genetic drift may be postulated in order to explain the high rate of PGM and 6PGD polymorphism. Furthermore, in that small community, the disappearance of some alleles (pa gene) can plausibly be explained in terms of a balanced influence of mutational and selective pressure.
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PMID:Serum and red cell enzyme variants in an Amerindian tribe: the Sirionos (Eastern Bolivia). 97 93

Specific biochemical and physiological tests of liver function were used to assess 20 consecutive patients undergoing prolonged head and neck surgery with halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia. Hepatic function was assessed by measurement of serum concentrations of total bilirubin and albumin, and plasma activity of pseudocholinesterase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatic glutathione S-transferase. Plasma clearance of indocyanine green was used as an estimate of hepatic blood flow. No major differences were observed in serum concentrations of GGT, ALP, bilirubin, albumin or pseudocholinesterase. Serum AST activity in those patients receiving halothane was increased at 24 h and at 48 h compared with those who received isoflurane (not statistically significant). Glutathione S-transferase activity was increased significantly in the halothane group throughout the period of study, compared with those who received isoflurane. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the two groups as measured by plasma clearance of indocyanine green: in the halothane group there was a slower disappearance rate of the dye from plasma at specific times than in the patients who received isoflurane. Our data support the use of isoflurane rather than halothane for prolonged anaesthesia.
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PMID:Indocyanine green clearance and hepatic function during and after prolonged anaesthesia: comparison of halothane with isoflurane. 154 Apr 59

Serum CA 19-9 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were determined in 211 patients with liver cirrhosis and 27 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with liver cirrhosis. This was done to determine the usefulness of CA 19-9 level with respect to AFP level in distinguishing between these two illnesses, and to assess the influence of some clinical and biochemical variables on these tests in patients with liver cirrhosis with or without primary HCC. Pathologic AFP values were found in 23 of 27 (sensitivity, 85%) patients with HCC; CA 19-9 levels increased in only 12 of 27 (sensitivity, 44%) HCC patients, the values being comparable with those of patients with liver cirrhosis. In liver cirrhosis a substantial number of false-positive values was found for both markers, although they were higher for CA 19-9 (50 of 211 versus 39 of 211). In liver cirrhosis correlations were found between AFP level and alanine amino-transferase level; and between CA 19-9 level and (1) total bilirubin value, (2) alkaline phosphatase level, and (3) pseudocholinesterase level. The authors conclude that CA 19-9 level is a poor biochemical marker, inferior to AFP level, in the detection of a carcinomatous transformation of liver cirrhosis. The finding of false-positive AFP values in liver cirrhosis seems mainly attributable to cellular proliferation and necrosis. Cholestasis seems to greatly affect serum CA 19-9 level variations, probably by reducing its liver metabolism.
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PMID:Serum CA 19-9 and alpha-fetoprotein levels in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. 138 Dec 71

Serum ferritin, prealbumin, pseudocholinesterase, alpha-1-antitrypsin and caeruloplasmin were determined in control subjects and patients with pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis or extra-pancreatic disease mainly of gastrointestinal origin, in order to investigate the different hepatic changes which influence serum ferritin in chronic pancreatic and other digestive diseases. Increased circulating ferritin was found in pancreatic cancer and extra-pancreatic disease when compared to controls. Correlations were detected between ferritin and the other proteins investigated and between ferritin and total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that cholestasis accounts for 45% of circulating ferritin, the acute-phase response accounted for 18% and decreased liver function accounted for 11%. We conclude that the increase in serum ferritin in chronic pancreatic and other gastrointestinal diseases largely depends on liver changes, with cholestasis probably playing a primary role.
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PMID:Hepatic changes and serum ferritin in pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases: the role of cholestasis. 202 31

The present treatise is a report on the study of morphologic changes induced in the brain of laboratory animals by the exposure to supralethal doses of ionizing radiation. The review of literature summarizes the basic current findings on the interaction between biological objects and ionizing radiation. Principal attention is then paid to literary data describing the morphological changes in the single components of the central nervous system after irradiation. There is a detailed account primarily of what has so far been known on the structure of the blood-brain barrier and its individual, morphologically observable components. What the exploration of literature shows is that problems concerning the morphologic changes following supralethal irradiation have hitherto been paid but little attention. The scarce publications on this topic mostly offer contradicting conclusions. Most of the experiments were made with conventional female rats supplied by the firm Velaz. The animals were exposed to 60Co gamma radiation doses within the range of 15 to 960 Gy. The material for study was sampled in the intervals from 15 min to 6 days after the irradiation had ended. Similar experiments, though on a smaller scale, were carried out with mice, rabbits and dogs. The tissue samples were treated in current methods for the purposes of light microscopy, electron microscopy and histochemistry. The light microscopical pattern of morphological changes during the first hours is dominated by the signs of a cerebral edema. The nerve cells show symptoms of acute swelling. There are small hemorrhages near some of the capillaries. In later periods, the nerve cells assume the nature of pyknomorphous neurons. The degree in which the changes are expressed however varies considerably. Dystrophic changes were also found for glial cells. Small hemorrhages are dispersed over all the areas of the brain. There are persisting signs of brain edema with dilated perivascular and pericellular spaces. The activities of the following enzymes were studied in histochemical examinations: acetylcholinesterase (ACE), nonspecific cholinesterase (CE), alkaline phosphatase (AP), acid phosphatase (AcP), ATP splitting enzyme (ATP), thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPP), glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), succinodehydrogenase (SDH), acid nonspecific esterase (AE). A phase progress of activity changes was found for AP, CE, and ACE in the blood capillaries of the brain cortex after the exposure to the radiation doses of 50 to 200 Gy. The irradiation was first followed by elevation of their activity and then, in the intervals of 4 to 24 hours after irradiation, by a drop in their activity below the level obtained for the control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute radiation sickness--morphology of CNS syndrome. 253 17

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) was found to exceed the upper normal limit in 31 of the 32 patients with liver metastases verified during surgery or at autopsy, while the level of this enzyme was normal in 25 of the 28 patients with proven neoplasma but without evidence of metastatic involvement of the liver. Particularly high values of gamma-GT activity were noted in 9 patients in whom liver metastases were accompanied by clinical jaundice. A similar behaviour was noted for alkaline phosphatase but changes affecting this enzyme were less obvious. Thus, for a mean increase of gamma-GT to levels up to seven times the upper normal limit, the level of alkaline phosphatase increased only three times. A decrease of serum pseudocholinesterase occurred in most patients with neoplasma, the process being more evident when liver metastases were present. It is concluded that an increase of gamma-GT in a patient with neoplasma could be considered as a marker of hepatic metastases, if chronic alcoholism or hepatobiliary disease can be excluded.
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PMID:Value of gamma-glutamyltransferase in the diagnosis of liver metastases. 612 70

The effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 (Catergen) monotherapy was examined in 18 patients with alcoholic liver disease and in 12 patients with chronic active hepatitis. During the administration of the drug the majority of complaints diminished or ceased in both groups. In patients with alcoholic liver disease bromsulphalein retention and gamma glutamyl transferase levels decreased, in chronic active hepatitis serum glutaminic pyruvic acid transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase levels increased, pseudocholinesterase level decreased. The histological abnormalities of alcoholic liver injury improved in the majority of cases, on the other hand, it was deteriorated in two third of the cases with chronic active hepatitis. In two cases the histological recovery of acute alcoholic hepatitis was observed. On the basis of this results we conclude that Catergen has an excellent therapeutic effect in alcoholic liver injury while in chronic active liver diseases it can be applied only as a part of combined therapy.
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PMID:Clinical, enzymological and histological changes in chronic diffuse liver diseases following (+)-cyanidanol-3 (Catergen) treatment. 615 70


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