Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Growth characteristics, survival time, sex differences and hormonal effects, and various biochemical parameters were evaluated in a transplantable Furth/Wistar rat Wilms' tumor model. Survival time was dependent on site of tumor transplant and ranged from a mean of 28 days for intrarenal implantation to 44 days intramusculary. Maximum tumor weight (130 g) was obtained via subcutaneous implant. Lung metastasis was evident in the majority of animals with the exception of those receiving the tumor implant intraperitoneally. The levels of erythropoietin and serum calcium and phosphatase were comparable to control values whereas hematocrit levels declined. Tumor tissue arginase or total protein remained unchanged during tumor growth. In these same tissues DNA, content and 5-alpha-reductase activity significantly and progressively increased with concomitant tumor growths. Measurements of lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and their isoenzymes indicated patterns of liver involvement which were not macroscopically evident. After 31 days of subcutaneous tumor transplant, male and female rats had tumors of comparable weights. Orchiectomy or estradiol treatment significantly reduced tumor weight in males. In female rats testosterone treatment significantly increased tumor weights. DNA concentration in tumor tissue was unaffected by treatment. Similiarly, although 5-alpha-reductase activity was higher in tumors from males, and arginase higher in females, these enzymes were not affected by surgical or hormonal treatment.
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PMID:Characterization of a Wilms' tumor model. 16 21

In rats with Guerin's carcinoma the weight and size of the tumour is twice as low when significant doses of vitamin A are administered. Under these conditions the acceptor capacity of tRNA of the small intestine mucosa as well as the intensity of [14C] retinol incorporation into plasma membranes of its cells decrease essentially, whereas in the mucosa itself the radioactivity remains high. When studying the activity of alkaline phosphatase, amylase in the mucosa and arginase in the liver, a disproportion is found in changes in the enzymes activity on the surface of the small intestine mucosa and in the mucosa homogenate, that may be due to a change in the state of the cell membrane apparatus when the tumour is formed. Under the effect of significant doses of vitamin A there might occur thelysis of the tumour cell membranes, which results in the metabolism normalization.
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PMID:[Effect of vitamin A in significant doses on incorporation of (14C) retinol, acceptor capacity of tRNA and activity of certain enzymes in tissues and plasma membranes of cells in the presence of Guerin's carcinoma]. 46 90

A material identified as guanosine 5',3'-bis-diphosphate (ppGpp) has been detected in extracts of Chlamydomonas reinhardi ac-20 cells grown under mixotrophic conditions or in arg-2 cells deprived of arginine. The material was acid and base labile, susceptible to alkaline phosphatase, resistant to periodate oxidation, had spectral characteristics of a guanine derivative and comigrated on chromatograms with ppGpp from Escherichia coli. In ac-20 ppGpp may be involved in the control of chloroplast ribosomal RNA synthesis. When ac-20 cells were shifted from mixotrophic to autotrophic conditions, the 32Pi labeling of ppGpp, relative to that of GTP, was reduced, while the specific labeling of chloroplast ribosomal RNA was enhanced. Addition of low concentrations of cycloheximide had somewhat similar effects.
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PMID:Synthesis of ppGpp and chloroplast ribosomal RNA in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. 62 52

Two types of experiments were performed to elucidate the estrogenic effect of estracyt on the ventral and immature rats that had received injections of testosterone; then changes in weight of accessory rats and changes in weight of the total body, the ventral and the dorsolateral prostates, and adrenal gland, and changes in activities of testosterone 5alpha-reductase, alkaline phosphatase, and arginase of both lobes of the prostates were examined. In the second experiment, estracyt was injected into castrates rats and immature rats that had received injections of testosterone; then changes in weight of accessory sex organs were determined. Because similar changes were induced by treatment of animals with estradiol-17beta, it was concluded that the effect of estracyt on the prostates was most likely attributable to the estrogenic effect of the drug.
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PMID:Effect of estracyt on the rat prostate. 84 6

Daily treatment with 5 or 500 mug of estradiol benzoate of male adult rats for 7 days did not change the activity of testosterone 5alpha-reductase in the ventral prostate, while the activity decreased slightly in the dorsolateral prostate. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased by 60% over the respective control in the ventral prostate from rats treated with the larger dose of estrogen, but the estrogen treatment did not affect the alkaline phosphatase activity in the dorsolateral prostate. On the contrary, the estrogen treatment evoked three-fold elevation in the arginase activity of the dorsolateral prostate in contrast to the decreased arginase activity in the ventral prostate following estrogen administration. From these results, it was concluded that the alterations in some enzyme activity of the ventral and the dorsolateral prostates evoked by estrogen treatment were different from those observed in the respective lobes from castrated animals, although both estrogen administration and castration induced atrophy of the tissue. Furthermore, it might be also worth-while to mention that the ventral and the dorsolateral prostates of rats responded in a different manner to estrogen administered.
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PMID:Effect of estrogen administration on activities of testosterone 5alpha-reductase, alkaline phosphatase and arginase in the ventral and the dorsolateral prostates of rats. 120 39

Partial liver transplantation from living donors is a new surgical operation on patients in the final stage of liver dysfunction. Among about 90 operations so far done in the world, 34 were performed at the Second Department of Surgery in Kyoto University Hospital (as of June, 1992). Good but limited cooperation between surgeons and clinical laboratories has contributed to saving the lives of as many as 28 patients. Analysis of laboratory data and clinical course of patients indicated that pre-, mid-, and postoperational examinations of blood flow through the graft liver by the use of Doppler echography and the monitoring of the liver capacity to generate ATP by the aid of the arterial ketone body ratio are most important for early detection of dysfunctioning liver grafts. An unusually high incidence of the transient hyperphosphatasemia-like elevation of alkaline phosphatase and a frequent appearance of liver-type arginase in serum during the postoperative stage seemed to indicate some pathological changes of the liver.
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PMID:[Liver transplantation and functions of the graft liver]. 130 20

Activities of arginase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in sera obtained in a group of healthy women, women with verified carcinoma of the breast, benign mastopathy, a group of patients with carcinoma of various organs and a group of patients with acute viral hepatitis. Preoperative values of serum arginase activity in patients with breast carcinoma were up to 4-fold those found in healthy women. Sensitivity of the test was 86%. After the surgery, the activity decreased abruptly during the first week and normalised within 15-30 days. In benign diseases of the breast, the activity of arginase was normal. Serum arginase activity is raised in both benign and malignant liver diseases, however, the quotients alanine aminotransferase/arginase, aspartate aminotransferase/arginase and alkaline phosphatase/arginase differ significantly. Thus, use of alanine aminotransferase/arginase quotient implies a high degree of confidence in differentiating between increased arginase activity in mammary carcinoma (alanine aminotransferase/arginase = 0.572 +/- 0.278) and high arginase activity in hepatitis (alanine aminotransferase/arginase = 12.226 +/- 1.822).
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PMID:Arginase, a new marker of mammary carcinoma. 142 58

The 3-years efficacy and safety of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor simvastatin (S) (previously called synvinolin or MK-733) has been studied in single and combined therapy with cholestyramine (C) in 48 hypercholesterolaemic patients. Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A-I and B, and blood safety tests (haematology, liver function, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, blood glucose and thyroid function) were determined regularly throughout the study. Extensive ophthalmological examinations with particular focus on the lens were done before initiation of therapy and at every 6 months during drug treatment. Maximal reductions of mean plasma total cholesterol concentration (34% with S; 47% with S + C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentration (42% with S; 56% with S + C) were achieved after 4 weeks on full-dose therapy. During continued treatment, years 1 through 3, the reduction of mean plasma total cholesterol was 26-29% with S alone, and 31-41% with S + C. Significant reductions of plasma triglycerides (15-27%) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides (10-27%) were achieved in the group treated with S as single therapy. In this group there was also a significant increase (10-14%) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. In liver aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), minor and variable, but usually transient, increases were seen. Repeated ophthalmological examinations did not demonstrate any drug-related side effects. It is concluded that simvastatin is a safe and efficient cholesterol-lowering drug for long-term therapy, both as a single drug and in combination with cholestyramine.
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PMID:Long-term efficacy and safety of simvastatin alone and in combination therapy in treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. 178 13

Rat liver arginase was purified and five monoclonal antibodies were produced by fusion of spleen cells from a Balb/c mouse and the myeloma cell line P3-X36-Ag-U1. One, R2D19, of five antibodies belonged to the IgG2a subclass, the other four, R1D81, R1G11, R2E10, and R2G51, were of the IgG1 type. The R1D81 cross-reacted with human liver arginase. This antibody inhibited the arginase activity, competing with arginine. These results suggest that R1D81 binds to the catalytic site of arginase. The R2D19 also inhibited the enzyme activity but acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. With the use of R1D81 and a polyclonal anti-human liver arginase antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase, a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantification of human arginase. Specificity of monoclonal antibodies for rat liver arginase was examined by means of the sandwich ELISA. Eight pairs of monoclonal antibodies could form a sandwich with the arginase. Only the R2E10 could be used for both the first and the second antibody in the sandwich system. In other cases, monoclonal antibodies could not be interchanged between solid and liquid phase.
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PMID:Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to rat liver arginase. 276 18

Two regulatory mutants in orthophosphate-regulated cyclic phosphodiesterase (cPDase), cpd-3 and cpd-4, were isolated and mapped proximal to arg-1 on L.G. IC and distal to arg-12 on L.G. IIR, respectively. cpd-3 showed short aerial hyphae with dense formation of conidia. The morphology was very similar to that of cr-1, cpd-3 and cr-1 had reduced levels of cyclic 3',5'-AMP, adenylate cyclase and cPDases (CPDase I, II and III in low phosphate condition) but had elevated levels of cyclic 3',5'-GMP. Although cr-1 showed an enhanced level and enhanced activation of heat activated cyclic phosphodiesterase (ha-PDE), this enzyme was not activated in cpd-3. cpd-4, nuc-1 and nuc-2 produced neither cPDase I, II, III, alkaline phosphatase nor ribonuclease N1 in low phosphate media. These mutants did not produce aerial hyphae or conidia when grown in low phosphate liquid medium. Activation of ha-PDE occurred in cpd-4, but not in nuc-1 and nuc-2.
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PMID:Mutations affecting cyclic phosphodiesterases and adenylate cyclase in Neurospora. 283 77


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