Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The macrocyclic lactone bryostatin 1 activates protein kinase C as effectively as the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Nevertheless, there are only certain TPA-effects that can be induced by bryostatin 1. These include stimulation of epidermal DNA synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity in vivo as well as activation of the Ca2+-independent, phospholipid-requiring phosphorylation of an epidermal protein in a cell-free system. Various other TPA-effects in vivo and in vitro, which are not mimicked by bryostatin 1 can be inhibited by applying bryostatin 1 30 min prior to TPA. TPA-effects suppressible by bryostatin 1 include the Ca2+-dependent stimulation of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 release, of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and ODC-mRNA expression and of transglutaminase activity in keratinocytes in vivo and/or in vitro and, in addition, Epstein-Barr virus induction in Raji cells. The same is true for the conversion step (first stage of promotion) of multistage carcinogenesis. In contrast to the TPA induction of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 release and of transglutaminase activity, induction by the Ca2+-ionophore and by high Ca2+-shift, respectively, are not significantly inhibited by bryostatin 1. We suggest that bryostatin 1 might inhibit a specific 'Ca2+-component' of TPA action.
...
PMID:Bryostatin 1, an activator of protein kinase C, mimics as well as inhibits biological effects of the phorbol ester TPA in vivo and in vitro. 245 75

This work presents some initial quantitation of an in situ hybridization method for detection of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus nucleic acids. The purpose is to develop evaluative criteria for diagnosis of viral presence in clinical tissue specimens. In this work simultaneous denaturation of probe and target DNA and an alkaline phosphatase conjugate to detect biotinated probe were used as described by Unger et al. For evaluation of the hybridization, a variety of cell lines, both productively and latently infected, that were hybridized in situ using nick translated 32P-labeled viral probe sequences and counted by scintillation after the method of Lawrence and Singer were used. Producer cells (B95-8) showed intense foci of staining in approximately 5% of cells, with most of the other cells showing varying staining intensity. Raji cells showed varying amounts of signal from cell to cell. Namalwa cells exhibited one spot in most cells that was decreased after cells were treated with Actinomycin D (dactinomycin, Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, PA). Signal was identified in only a third of these same cells after sectioning. EB virus-negative Ramos cells showed no signal. The nuclear punctate nature of the signal generated is diagnostic of infected cells, and may be a useful test for cultured cells or pathologic specimens.
...
PMID:Detection of Epstein-Barr virus by in situ hybridization. Progress toward development of a nonisotopic diagnostic test. 255 25

Sera from 46 men vasectomized for 5 yr and from 46 age-matched nonvasectomized men had previously been analyzed for circulating immune complexes (CICs) by four assays. Four additional CIC assays have now been performed on these sera: three Raji cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antihuman IgG, IgA or C3 and the bull sperm ELISA. No significant differences in CIC levels were detected between the two groups using any of the assays. Results for two different sera obtained from 16 men 4 1/2 months apart correlated significantly for six of seven CIC assays evaluated in this way. In the bull sperm and Raji cell ELISAs, utilizing anti-IgG in the detection layer, the vasectomized men with sperm-agglutinating antibodies were found to have significantly higher CIC levels than those without sperm agglutinants. No association was found between the presence of sperm protamine antibody and levels of CICs. Since the vasectomized and control groups did not differ with respect to levels of CICs, immunoglobulins, or the complement C3 split product C3d, all 92 samples were combined into one group for further analysis. Serum IgG levels significantly correlated with the CIC levels in four of five CIC assays involving binding of IgG; IgA levels correlated with CIC determinations in the Raji-IgA assay, while plasma C3d levels correlated with the Raji-C3, the Raji-IgA, and the C1q-protein A binding assays. IgM levels did not correlate with activity in any assay. Finally, the degree of correlation between all eight CIC assays was determined, and significant positive correlations between assays were found in ten of twenty-eight comparisons.
...
PMID:Comparison of different assays for circulating immune complexes in age matched vasectomized and non-vasectomized men. 660 87

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitation of immune complexes in sera has been developed using Raji cells. In this assay the Raji cell-adherent complexes are detected by an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG and the results are obtained by spectrophotometric measurements of the concentration of yellow colour produced after the enzyme's substrate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, is added. This assay is as sensitive and reproducible as the Raji cell radioimmune assay using 125I, as it can detect as little as 16 micrograms of immune complex equivalent to heat-aggregated IgG/ml in serum samples. This method is inexpensive, convenient and most importantly, avoids the biohazards of using an isotope.
...
PMID:Quantitation of circulating immune complexes in serum by Raji cells using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 743 45

Cyclosporin A (CsA) exerts its immunosuppressive effect by inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), thus preventing transcriptional induction of several cytokine genes. This effect is thought to be largely mediated through inactivation of the phosphatase calcineurin, which in turn inhibits translocation of an NFAT component to the nucleus. Here we report that CsA treatment of Raji B and Jurkat T cell lines yields a phosphorylated form of NFATp that is inhibited in DNA-binding and in its ability to form an NFAT complex with Fos and Jun. Immunoblot analyses and metabolic labeling with [32P]orthophosphate show that CsA alters NFATp migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by increasing its phosphorylation level without affecting subcellular distribution. Dephosphorylation by in vitro treatment with calcineurin or alkaline phosphatase restores NFATp DNA binding activity and its ability to reconstitute an NFAT complex with Fos and Jun proteins. These data point to a new mechanism for CsA-sensitive regulation of NFATp in which dephosphorylation is critical for DNA binding.
...
PMID:Phosphorylation of the transcription factor NFATp inhibits its DNA binding activity in cyclosporin A-treated human B and T cells. 765 45

Liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC) is a recently identified CC chemokine that is expressed mainly in the liver. LARC functions as a selective chemoattractant for lymphocytes that express a class of receptors specifically binding to LARC with high affinity. To identifiy the receptor for LARC, we examined LARC-induced calcium mobilization in cells stably expressing five CC chemokine receptors (CCR1-CCR5) and five orphan seven-transmembrane receptors. LARC specifically induced calcium flux in K562 cells as well as 293/EBNA-1 cells stably expressing an orphan receptor GPR-CY4. LARC induced migration in 293/EBNA-1 cells stably expressing GPR-CY4 with a bi-modal dose-response curve. LARC fused with secreted alkaline phosphatase (LARC-SEAP) bound specifically to Raji cells stably expressing GPR-CY4 with a Kd of 0.9 nM. Only LARC but not five other CC chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and TARC) competed with LARC-SEAP for binding to GPR-CY4. By Northern blot analysis, GPR-CY4 mRNA was expressed mainly in spleen, lymph nodes, Appendix, and fetal liver among various human tissues. Among various leukocyte subsets, GPR-CY4 mRNA was detected in lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and B cells) but not in natural killer cells, monocytes, or granulocytes. Expression of GPR-CY4 mRNA in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was strongly up-regulated by IL-2. Taken together, GPR-CY4 is the specific receptor for LARC expressed selectively on lymphocytes, and LARC is a unique functional ligand for GPR-CY4. We propose GPR-CY4 to be designated as CCR6.
...
PMID:Identification of CCR6, the specific receptor for a novel lymphocyte-directed CC chemokine LARC. 916 59

Long-circulating submicron lipid emulsions, stabilized with poly(ethylene glycol)-modified phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE), are promising drug carriers with substantial capacity for solubilization of lipophilic anticancer agents. This study describes the conjugation of the anti-B-cell lymphoma monoclonal antibody LL2 to the surface of lipid-emulsion globules by use of a novel poly(ethylene glycol)-based heterobifunctional coupling agent. The efficiency of coupling of LL2 to the lipid emulsion was 85% (approx.) and essentially independent of the LL2/emulsion particle ratio and amount of surface-bound PEG-PE. Results from sucrose-gradient centrifugation and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration indicated stable binding of the antibody to the emulsion. The immunoreactivity of the emulsion-LL2 conjugates was tested with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated LL2 against a monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody, WN. The binding of the conjugates to WN increased with increasing surface density of LL2 up to 40 monoclonal antibodies/emulsion particle, and exceeded that for the free monoclonal antibody (approx. 20 molecules/particle). Results from competitive-binding ELISA were indicative of similar displacement curves for free LL2 and emulsion-LL2 conjugates. Direct cellular ELISA revealed similar binding of emulsion-LL2 complexes to three types of Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, Raji, Ramos and Daudi. The results from this study indicate that emulsion-LL2 complexes might be a useful drug-carrier system for more specific delivery of anticancer drugs to B-cell malignancy.
...
PMID:Conjugation of an anti-B-cell lymphoma monoclonal antibody, LL2, to long-circulating drug-carrier lipid emulsions. 1057 80

The aim of this work was to establish a new, simplified in vitro model of the human M-cell. Cocultures of physically separated human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and B-cell lymphoma Raji cells were established. The cocultures were characterized under the criteria of morphology, integrity, expression of M-cell markers and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and altered particle transport. Using this construct, the epithelial cells were transformed to cells with an M-cell-like morphology and had altered expression of potential human M-cell markers (alkaline phosphatase down-regulation and Sialyl Lewis A antigen up-regulation). The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule was altered and there was an increased binding of lectins wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin with a 40-fold increase in microparticle transport. The particle transport was size-dependent and could be inhibited at 4 degrees C or by replacing the Raji B-cells with Jurkat T-cells. This new coculture model will enable controlled studies of M-cell development and function in vitro.
...
PMID:Expression of specific markers and particle transport in a new human intestinal M-cell model. 1116 33

CD20 is a specific antigen expressed on normal and neoplastic B cells exclusively. Recent researches showed that in B cell leukemia, CD20 was over-expressed. Therefore monoclonal antibody (McAb) to CD20 may be of clinical value in diagnosis and treatment of some leukemias and lymphomas. In this study, the full length gene of CD20 cDNA were cloned from total RNA of Raji cells, inserted into an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1, forming a recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/CD20. NIH-3T3 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1/CD20 and selected with G418 for the transfected cells. Alkaline phosphatase against alkaline phosphatase assay(APAAP) experiments showed that the selected cells could express the human CD20 onto its surface. Balb/c mice were immunized with CD20( ) NIH-3T3 cells once three weeks for 3 shuts. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments were done with the Raji cells and the serum of the immunized mice, and the results showed that the spleen of the immunized mice could be used to prepare the McAb to CD20.
...
PMID:Cloning and Expression of Human CD20 Gene on NIH-3T3 Cell Membrane. 1207 39

Clonal rearrangement of antigen receptor genes is commonly used to characterize the lymphoproliferative diseases. In order to perform molecular characterization in the diagnostics and monitoring of lymphoid malignancies, leukemias and lymphomas in Tunisia, we have introduced the use of chemiluminescent probes for immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) gene rearrangement detection employing the Southern blot method. The chemiluminescent and radioactive detection methods tested with alkaline phosphatase and 32P labelled probes, respectively, were used for the IG and TR gene rearrangement characterization. Our results show the same pattern of rearrangement. Moreover, the chemiluminescent signal is detected faster and it is as sensitive as the radioactive one. We report the optimized conditions for using IGH, IGK, IGL, TRB and TRG probes in non radioactive detection. We have applied the chemiluminescent Southern blot method to analyze examples of Tunisian leukemias and lymphomas. The results allowed the assessment of clonality and the T or B cell lineage of these cases. The use of non radioactive probes makes chemiluminescent Southern blot detection reliable, safe and sensitive. As the use of radioactivity is not common in our laboratories and the licensing requirements needed for its use prohibitive, the chemiluminescent technique will be of great help for detection and characterization of molecular markers in lymphoid malignancies in Tunisia.
...
PMID:Chemiluminescent detection of clonal immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements in Tunisian lymphoid malignancies, leukemias and lymphomas. 1684 Feb 6


1 2 Next >>

---