Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are now available for immunophenotyping non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. To determine the reliability of these reagents in predicting the genotype, 44 cases of NHL were studied with the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique with the use of the following MoAbs: leukocyte common antigen (CD45), Mac 387, L26, 4KB5, MB1, MB2, LN2, UCHL1, MT1, and MT2. The lineage of the neoplastic cells was determined in all cases by gene rearrangement studies for immunoglobulin heavy chain and for the T-cell receptor beta-chain. Genotypic results showed B-cell lineage in 33 cases (75%), T-cell lineage in 6 cases (14%), and mixed or undetermined lineage in 5 cases (11%). A concordance of lineage assignment by paraffin section immunophenotyping with gene rearrangement studies was observed in 37 of 39 (95%) lymphomas with an unequivocally defined genotype. MoAb L26 was the most sensitive in detecting B-cell genotype; MoAbs MT1 and UCHL1 were the most sensitive and specific, respectively, in detecting T-cell genotype. The authors conclude that lineage assignment of NHLs in paraffin sections is reflective of the corresponding genotype when an appropriate panel of MoAbs is used.
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PMID:Immunophenotyping of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. A comparison with genotypic analysis. 184

We have developed an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the quantification of the schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (CCA), a glycoprotein associated with the syncitium lining the gut of the parasite. A mouse monoclonal antibody of IgG3 isotype was used as coating (antigen-capture) antibody, while a biotinylated mouse monoclonal IgM was used as second (antigen-detecting) antibody. Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase was used as enzyme label. The lower detection limit of the assay was 1.0 ng of the trichloroacetic acid soluble fraction of adult worm antigen (AWA-TCA) per ml, which corresponds to approximately 0.2 ng CCA per ml. The ELISA showed a linear range from 1.0 to 62.5 ng AWA-TCA per ml. Serum and urine samples of 16 individuals infected with Schistosoma mansoni (egg counts ranging from 5 to 4820 eggs per gram of faeces) were tested in the assay. Antigen titres ranged from less than 4-8192. This assay represents a considerable advantage in diagnosis of Schistosoma infections as it allows the detection and quantification of CCA in serum and urine in even lightly infected individuals.
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PMID:Detection of the schistosome circulating cathodic antigen by enzyme immunoassay using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies. 212 84

We report two cases of Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome positive acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL) with breakpoint cluster region (bcr) (M-BCR-1) rearrangement. A 31 year-old-man (case 1) and a 42 year-old-woman (case 2) were admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of leucocytosis with atypical blasts. Each case was diagnosed as having bilineal type of AMLL because: (1) blasts in each case consisted of larger myeloid cells positive for myeloperoxidase and small lymphoid cells positive for PAS, and blasts in case 2 were positive for TdT; (2) blasts in case 1 expressed B lymphoid associated antigen; (3) Southern analysis in each case showed clonal rearrangements of both the immunoglobulin heavy chain and the T cell receptor beta gene. These two cases demonstrated the Ph1 chromosome and rearrangement of the bcr (M-BCR-1) gene, but none of splenomegaly, basophilia, and additional chromosome abnormalities were observed. In addition, after achieving remissions, they didn't revert to chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and showed normal neutrophil alkaline phosphatase scores, and the Ph1 chromosome disappeared completely in case 1 and coexisted with the normal chromosome in case 2. These findings suggest that diagnosis of both cases should not be CML blast crisis (BC) but Ph1 positive acute leukemia, and Ph1 positive AMLL may be a distinct clinical entity to be distinguished from CML-BC.
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PMID:[Philadelphia chromosome positive acute mixed lineage leukemia with bcr (M-BCR-1) rearrangement]. 215 95

IgG subclasses' oligoclonal bands in unconcentrated CSF from MS patients were detected by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel with subsequent immunoblotting using mouse monoclonal antibodies to human IgG subclasses and double-antibody avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase system. All MS CSF showed presence of oligoclonal bands specific to the IgG1 subclass; in addition, several of these samples also had oligoclonal bands specific to IgG3, IgG2, or IgG4, in order of decreasing frequency. Since the CSF of a greater number of MS patients showed oligoclonal bands specific to the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, the findings are consistent with those reported in patients with chronic viral infections and autoimmune diseases.
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PMID:Identification of IgG subclasses' oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis CSF. 223 36

We have developed sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) which measure mouse serum heavy chain immunoglobulin isotypes in nanograms per milliliter. In each case the specific isotypic Ig is sandwiched between an isotype-specific antibody used for coating and another isotype-specific antibody coupled to biotin for detection (with alkaline phosphatase coupled to avidin). These methods are simple to perform, specific for each isotype, reproducible with an average coefficient of variation of 5% for IgG1, 3% for IgG2a, 7% for IgG2b, 10% for IgG3, 3% for IgA and 7% for IgM, and at least 100 times more sensitive than radial immunodiffusion. The assays have been used to determine the absolute concentrations of mouse serum heavy chain Ig isotypes.
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PMID:Indirect double sandwich ELISA for the specific and quantitative measurement of mouse IgM, IgA and IgG subclasses. 249 68

Three independent mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) ID1 (IgG3), ID2 and ID3 (IgM) were raised against whole cells of a surgically resected human interdigitating cell sarcoma (ICS). In immunoperoxidase staining, these mAbs strongly stained the cytoplasm of ICS neoplastic cells as well as interdigitating cells in normal lymphoid tissues. These mAbs also detected monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells, although their staining was highly variable depending on tissue distribution of the cells. Additional immuno-histological and enzyme histochemical study revealed that the neoplastic cells of ICS had cytoplasmic acid phosphatase and membranous alkaline phosphatase activity, and also possessed S100 beta protein, Ki-1 antigen. DAKO-macrophage antigen, and weak vimentin activity. Neither rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene nor of T-cell receptor genes was detected in the DNA of ICS by Southern hybridization. These observations provide further confirmation of our previous finding (Nakamura et al. 1988, 1989) that the origin of ICS is interdigitating rather than lymphoid cell, and indicate that our mAbs could be useful as a cellular differentiation marker of interdigitating cells and for diagnosis of ICS.
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PMID:Interdigitating cell sarcoma (ICS). Evidence of interdigitating cell origin, immunocytochemical studies with monoclonal anti-ICS antibodies. 250 4

A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with abdominal distension due to hepatosplenomegaly. The peripheral blood revealed Hb content 6.5 g/dl, platelet count 4.7 x 10(4)/microliter, and WBC count 105.8 x 10(3)/microliter with 88% of mature neutrophils. The neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score was 421. Bone marrow aspiration revealed hypercellularity with increased megakaryocytes and myeloid hyperplasia. 46, XY, del 20(q 11) without Philadelphia chromosome was identified by cytogenetic study. The patient was diagnosed as having chronic neutrophilic leukemia and was successfully treated with busulfan, but he died of atypical mycobacteriosis about 20 months later. Analysis of neutrophil function demonstrated diminution of deformability, random mobility, and chemotaxis, but almost normal phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity. Southern analysis showed no rearrangements of breakpoint cluster region (bcr) gene and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
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PMID:[Neutrophil dysfunction in chronic neutrophilic leukemia without rearrangements of bcr and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes]. 268 9

A differentiation inducer (sodium butyrate) encapsulated in liposomes that are in turn covalently linked to anti-Lex monoclonal antibody, SH1 (IgG3 isotype), was successfully targeted to human colonic adenocarcinoma HRT-18 and HT29 cells expressing Lex antigen in vitro as well as in vivo in athymic nu/nu mice. Tumor cell growth was significantly inhibited and was associated with changes in cell morphology and increases in membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, indicating the occurrence of butyrate-induced differentiation.
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PMID:Antibody-mediated targeting of differentiation inducers to tumor cells: inhibition of colonic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. A preliminary note. 291 49

Serum IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 antibody levels directed against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Bacteroides gingivalis were measured in the sera from systemically healthy subjects with and without periodontitis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used that included coating of microtiter plates with LPS, and subsequent incubation with patient sera followed by mouse monoclonal subclass-specific antibodies, biotinylated sheep anti-mouse IgG and alkaline phosphatase conjugated to streptavidin. Anti-LPS IgG antibodies were dominated by IgG2, and moderate amounts only of IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 were found. The periodontitis patients had significantly higher anti-LPS IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 levels when compared to the subjects with healthy periodontium (p less than 0.05, Mann-Whitney test).
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PMID:IgG subclass distribution of serum antibodies against lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides gingivalis in periodontal health and disease. 360 86

Twenty-nine patients with a positive antimitochondrial antibody titer greater than or equal to 1/40, who were detected during screening for other autoimmune disease, are described who had a normal serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and transaminase and who had no symptoms of liver disease at presentation. Liver biopsies in 12 of the 29 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for primary biliary cirrhosis; a further 12 were consistent with primary biliary cirrhosis, but only 2 were normal. There was a high incidence of other autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases, especially thyroid antibodies and disorders. Sixteen of these patients have been followed for over 4 years since diagnosis (mean = 6 years, range = 4 to 9 years) and for a mean of 8.7 years since initial detection of the antimitochondrial antibody (range = 4 to 13). Five of 16 developed symptoms suggestive of primary biliary cirrhosis, and 11 of 16 developed elevation of alkaline phosphatase. The antimitochondrial antibody activity in these patients was in the same IgG subclasses (predominantly IgG1 and IgG3) as that seen in a group of 23 patients with clinically, biochemically and histologically advanced primary biliary cirrhosis. All showed the same abnormalities on quantitative estimation of the total IgG subclasses in serum; relative excess of IgG3 and, to a lesser extent, IgG2 was exhibited. It is concluded that, in this study, the finding of an antimitochondrial antibody titer greater than or equal to 1/40 is strongly suggestive of primary biliary cirrhosis even in the absence of symptoms and the presence of a normal alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Positive antimitochondrial antibody but normal alkaline phosphatase: is this primary biliary cirrhosis? 379 4


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