Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cell cultures derived from young rat epiphyseal cartilage were grown for approximately 2 wk in BGJb medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum to reach confluence. These cells were identified as chondrocytes as checked by morphology, the presence of alkaline phosphatase, and a positive type II collagen antibody reaction. The cells also responded to different hormonal treatment. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increased cyclic AMP production by 50% within 15 min of treatment, whereas prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) caused an increase of 160%. Calcitonin (CT) did not affect cAMP production in these cells. DNA synthesis 24 h after hormonal treatment was increased by PTH (2.5-fold) and PGE2 (2-fold), but not by CT. Among the vitamin D metabolites, 24,25(OH)2D3 increased significantly the [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 effect was minimal. These results provide evidence for the use of these cell cultures as a model for cartilage in vitro when studying biological and hormonal responsiveness.
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PMID:Rat epiphyseal cells in culture: responsiveness to bone-seeking hormones. 284 Apr 29

We achieved histological detection of the messenger RNAs coding for vasopressin, calcitonin, or calcitonin gene-related peptide by using biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotides, and defined the technical parameters enabling optimal detection of these mRNAs. Oligonucleotides labeled by fixation of one biotin at their 5' end or by addition of a biotin-11-dUTP tail at their 3' end can be used to detect mRNAs, although the latter are more sensitive. Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase revealed with nitroblue tetrazolium-bromo-chloro-indolyl phosphate as substrate makes possible detection of the biotinylated oligonucleotides. Increasing formaldehyde concentration in the fixative decreases the signal intensity; 1% formaldehyde fixation provides the most intense signal. Several controls, including those with addition of unlabeled oligonucleotides to the hybridization buffer, confirm the specificity of mRNA detection. The sensitivity of the biotinylated probes is identical or lower as compared to the corresponding radiolabeled oligonucleotides. Histological and subcellular resolution is greatly enhanced with biotinylated probes. The rat vasopressin probes stain magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and, under optimal conditions, parvocellular neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Vasopressin mRNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell bodies and in the roots of certain processes. Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA are found co-localized in the cytoplasm of the same tumor cells in human medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:Histological detection of messenger RNAs with biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotide probes. 325 49

Salmon calcitonin 100 MRCU/day or a saline placebo were given in daily injections for at least three months to 49 patients with bone metastases from breast cancer in a randomized double-blind trial. All patients were normocalcemic, and most patients had stable or regressing disease at start of trial. No improvement in general performance or bone pain was detected as measured by a visual analogue scale, the daily duration of pain or consumption of analgetic drugs. Calcitonin had no effect on disease progression as judged by bone scans and radiographs. Calcitonin therapy did not affect serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, bone gla-protein, or the urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline. Serum phosphate and magnesium decreased significantly during calcitonin treatment (p = 0.01, and 0.00005, respectively). It was concluded that salmon calcitonin in this dosage has no discernible effect on skeletal pain, general performance, bone metabolism or disease progression in patients with breast cancer metastatic to bone. A significant decrease in serum phosphate and magnesium probably indicated an effect of calcitonin on the renal excretion of these ions.
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PMID:Evaluation of salmon calcitonin treatment in bone metastases from breast cancer--a controlled trial. 328 58

We developed a culture system of cells isolated from juvenile human periosteum. The culture consisted of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. Both types of cells had intense alkaline phosphatase activity maintained in subculture. When these cells, loaded into diffusion chambers, were implanted subcutaneously in rats, cartilage tissue was mainly formed and bone was seen scantily. 1 alpha-OH-D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-D3 increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and proteoglycan synthesis in the periosteal cells. Calcitonin also stimulated the proteoglycan synthesis, but parathyroid hormone had no effect.
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PMID:Osteogenic capacity of cultured human periosteal cells. 335 20

The influence of chronic antiepileptic treatment on bone metabolism has been investigated in 52 adult epileptics, who had normal dietary intake, sunlight exposure and daily living activities. None of the patients had symptoms or signs suggestive of osteomalacia. Serum phosphate levels were significantly decreased and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased in the patients compared with matched controls. Calcitonin values and bone mineral content, measured by single photon absorptiometry, were significantly lower among anticonvulsant users. Calcium metabolism impairment grossly correlated to the number of drugs concurrently used by the patient but not to the types, to the relative plasma concentrations or to the overall duration of the treatment. Our findings indicate that in ambulatory patients with adequate diet and outdoor activities in Italy present with clinically irrelevant impairment of bone metabolism.
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PMID:Anticonvulsant drugs and bone metabolism. 381 34

Porcine calcitonin given to guinea pigs in doses causing hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia decreased the bilirubin concentration and increased the activity of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) in the hepatic bile. Calcitonin had no effect on bile flow, its pH, electrolyte composition including calcium, or on the concentration of protein, glucose, cholesterol, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and bile acids. It also did not affect the activities of alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the hepatic bile. Calcitonin increased the calcium content in the liver.
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PMID:Effect of calcitonin on the formation, composition, and enzymatic activity of the hepatic bile in guinea pgs. 415 82

Calcitonin decreased calcium uptake in specific rat bone cell populations obtained by sequential collagenase digestions of calvaria. The calcitonin effect on calcium uptake was observed in the same populations that manifested calcitonin-induced increases in cyclic AMP as well as high levels of acid phosphatase and the ability to release 45Ca from prelabeled devitalized bone. No effect of calcitonin was observed in cell populations that had high levels of alkaline phosphatase and lacked the potential to resorb devitalized bone. These results suggest that changes in cell calcium as well as cyclic AMP may be involved in the mode of action of calcitonin on osteoclast-like cells.
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PMID:Calcitonin effects on isolated bone cells. 628 13

Calcitonin has been used in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone, and serum alkaline phosphatase level and 24 hr urinary hydroxyproline excretion have been used to follow therapeutic response. The radionuclide bone scan has been used as a visual indicator; however, there is some uncertainty as to its value in following changes in disease activity. Four patients with both serial technetium phosphate bone scans and serial gallium studies were studied. In each case the beneficial effect of calcitonin was demonstrated more accurately with gallium than with technetium diphosphonate. Since biochemical changes in Paget's disease are believed to be mediated at the cellular level and gallium uptake depends on cellular activity, it is proposed that gallium uptake is a more appropriate measure of the activity of Paget's disease than a noncellular marker such as a technetium-containing bone scan agent.
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PMID:Gallium scanning in Paget's disease of bone: effect of calcitonin. 676 37

Forty patients with various neoplasias and radiological and scintigraphic evidence of multiple osteolytic lesions were studied between March 1979 and December 1981 at the Savona Oncology Service. All of them were treated with chemo and/or hormone therapy, plus 100 UMRC salmon calcitonin a day for 20 days a month until a clinical improvement was observed. The parameters for evaluation were: radiography and scintigraphy of the skeletal segment involved, blood calcium, alkaline phosphatase, intensity of pain, and restriction of function. An assessment was made before and after calcitonin management. Blood calcium fell in all cases even in the range of those initially normal. Alkaline phosphatase decreased in 83.3% and pain disappeared or was less severe in 87.50%. Good results were also observed with regard to restriction of function. Good recalcification of some osteolytic lesions was noted in 7 cases (17.5%). Calcitonin thus proved effective in the correction or prevention of damage caused by hypercalcaemia, and was particularly useful in the reduction of pain and functional damage. Its analgesic effect often appeared at an early stage.
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PMID:[Use of calcitonin in neoplastic osteolysis]. 683 60

We report a boy with unusual facial appearance, melanotic patches ("coast-of-Maine" type), myelofibrosis, recurrent femoral fractures, and widespread fibrous dysplasia of bone. Biochemical findings included raised serum alkaline phosphatase (bone isozyme) and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D, and low serum phosphorus levels. Elevated urinary excretion rates of total hydroxyproline, glycylproline, and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid indicated increased turnover of bone matrix. Transiliac bone biopsy showed a dearth of marrow elements, greatly increased bone turnover, and absence of normal trabecular organization. Serial radiographs showed progressive cortical thinning and loss of bony trabeculae. Calcitonin and etidronate treatments had no lasting effect on the progressive bone disease. The term "panostotic fibrous dysplasia" is suggested for this condition.
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PMID:Panostotic fibrous dysplasia: a congenital disorder of bone with unusual facial appearance, bone fragility, hyperphosphatasemia, and hypophosphatemia. 684 3


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