Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A micro-scale method for the conjugation of affinity-purified Fab' to beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli is described. Rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotropin serum (0.2 ml) was digested with pepsin to convert IgG to F(ab')2 and applied to a column of human chorionic gonadotropin-Sepharose 4B, followed by elution at pH 2.5. The affinity-purified anti-human chorionic gonadotropin F(ab')2 was mixed with non-specific goat F(ab')2 (0.5 mg) as a carrier, reduced with 2-mercaptoethylamine to split F(ab')2 to Fab' and conjugated to beta-D-galactosidase using N,N'-o-phenylenedimaleimide. The affinity-purified rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotropin Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate was separated from non-specific goat Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate and unconjugated beta-D-galactosidase by affinity chromatography on a column of goat (anti-rabbit IgG) IgG-Sepharose 4B using 4 M urea. The amount of the affinity-purified conjugate obtained was 56-69 micrograms. The detection limit of human chorionic gonadotropin by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique was improved 30-fold by using the affinity-purified conjugate as compared with that before affinity-purification. This method is applicable to the conjugation with alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine and probably also other enzymes which are stable in 4 M urea.
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PMID:A micro-scale method for the conjugation of affinity-purified Fab' to beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. 391 Jun 49

To detect antigens in the plasma of pregnant women that were not found in nonpregnant untreated normal women or males, highly sensitive immunodiffusion techniques with hyperimmune rabbit antiserum were used. The number of pregnancy-associated plasma constituents increased as pregnancy progressed in the 165 patients studied, with all 4 constituents usually seen in the third trimester. The 60 males and 111 nonpregnant women studied did not show any of these antigens. There were significant differences between second and third trimester reactions. (p less than .001). None of the antigens represented human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, oxytocin, C-reactive protein, oxytocinase, alkaline phosphatase, or esterase. One of these constituents is present during combined estrogen-progesterone therapy.
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PMID:Antigenic constituents in pregnancy plasma which are undetectable in normal non-pregnant female or male plasma. 462 19

Daily leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity (LAP), basal body temperature (BBT), fern test (FT) and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined during 15 normal menstrual cycles and 10 cycles treated with clomiphene citrate. A rise in LAP activity, as determined by LAP-relative score (LAP-RS), was observed during the midcycle period. This rise reached peak values on the day of serum LH surge in 60% of cycles. In the remaining cycles, LAP-RS showed peak values 1 day before (8%) or after (32%) LH peak. The mean LAP-RS peak value in clomiphene treated cycles was 13.2, 5-6 times higher than the basic value. The low point of the BBT coincided with the LH SURGE in only 32% of cycles. In 32% the span was more than 1 day before or after LH peak. The day of ovulation as determined by FT corresponded to the LH surge in only 40% of cycles. In 20% of cases, the ovulatory FT reponse occurred more than 1 day before or after LH surge. The results in this study indicated that LAP-RS is a rapid, simple and reliable test for timing of ovulation when carried out daily. It may be valuable in monitoring follicular activity during human chorionic gonadotropin therapy.
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PMID:Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase monitoring of ovarian function in normal and clomiphene-treated cycles. 469

Sixty-seven human tumor cell lines and 15 lines derived from normal tissue were examined for the production of the oncodevelopmental markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha and beta subunits of chorionic gonadotropin, placental and nonplacental forms of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, cystyl aminopeptidase, and calcitonin. Both intracellular and extracellular levels of these markers were determined at three phases during the growth of each culture. Sixty-eight percent of the cell lines produced elevated levels (greater than or equal to 90th percentile) of at least one marker. Of those, 46% produced elevated levels of one marked only, 29% produced two, 22% produced three, and 4% produced four markers. No cell line produced more than four markers at elevated levels. In most instances, however, the expression of any two particular markers was discordant. For approximately 50% of the possible marker pairs, Spearman rank-ordered correlation analyses showed significant negative correlations, indicating that when one marker was produced at elevated levels by a given cell line, other markers were usually absent ot produced at relatively low levels. In no instance was a significant positive correlation found between two markers. These data indicated that, although most human malignant cells examined produced one or more oncodevelopmental gene markers at elevated levels, no predictable coexpression of any two of the markers was seen.
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PMID:Expression of oncodevelopmental gene products by human tumor cells in culture. 610 23

Eight independent cell lines, derived from human testicular germ-cell tumors, were examined for the expression of various markers. These included major histocompatibility and embryonic antigens, chorionic gonadotropin, alpha fetoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, plasminogen activator, and infectivity by SV40. No line consisted primarily of choriocarcinoma or yolk sac cells, but several contained cells resembling murine embryonal carcinoma; some of these lines formed tumors with the distinctive features of embryonal carcinoma when injected into immunosuppressed animals. It is proposed that human embryonal carcinoma cells, unlike those of the mouse, correspond to a preblastocyst stage of development.
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PMID:A comparative study of eight cell lines derived from human testicular teratocarcinoma. 616 54

In the five kinds of human cultured cells derived from ovarian adenocarcinoma (HOC-21), ovarian malignant teratoma (HOTC 3), carcinoma of the uterine endometrium (HEC-1B), squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SKG-1) and choriocarcinoma (BeWo), the intracellular presence of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and plasminogen activator were investigated. The results were as follows. 1) BeWo-, HOC-21-and HOTC 3-cells revealed high activity of intracellular presence of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and plasminogen activator were investigated. The results were as follows. 1) BeWo-, HOC-21-and HOTC 3-cells revealed high activity of intracellular LDH in this order, however none of HEC-1B-and SKG-1-cells did. 2) The activity of intracellular AlP was higher in BeWo-cells than in HOC-21-cells. The isozymes of AlP detected in these cells were found to be heat-stable. The others revealed no activity of AlP. 3) The presence of HCG-beta was confirmed in both BeWo- and HOTC 3-cells. The intracellular levels of HCG-beta were found to be higher in BeWo- cells than in HOTC 3-cells. HCG-beta was observed to leak into culture medium not from HOTC 3-cells but from BeWo-cells. It was not detected in the other cultured cells. 4) No AFP was detected in any of these five cultured cells. 5) Plasminogen activator was detected in HOC-21, HEC-1B-and SKG-1-cells in contrast to HOTC 3-and BeWo-cells which were negative for plasminogen activator. These results suggest that the various marker substances detected in the human cultured cells originated from various carcinomas of sexual organs may reflect biological functions of these tumor cells and, furthermore, can apply as tumor markers to the clinical diagnosis of the diseases.
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PMID:[Studies on marker substances in cell lines derived from various human gynecologic tumors (author's transl)]. 617 49

A case is reported of a small primary occult gastric adenocarcinoma occurring in a 57-year-old man revealing widespread metastasis to generalized bone, and associated with high serum level of circulating human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase). The primary site of metastatic bone tumor was not clear until autopsy. Microscopic examination of the gastric primary revealed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma admixed with numerous signet-ring carcinoma cells without conspicuous trophoblastic differentiation. The elaboration of hCG and intestinal and placental isoenzyme of ALPase by carcinoma cells themselves was confirmed by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. The present case may be interesting because of unusual metastasis and simultaneous production of hCG, CEA, and intestinal and placental ALPase isoenzymes.
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PMID:Gonadotropin and alkaline phosphatase producing occult gastric carcinoma with widespread metastasis of generalized bone. 626 51

The production of Regan isoenzyme (heat-stable, L-phenylalanine-sensitive term-placental alkaline phosphatase), human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein by newly characterized human uterine cervical cancer cell lines, SKG-IIIa and SKG-IIIb, is reported. These cell lines were derived from a moderately differentiated epidermoid cancer partially mixed with epidermoid clear-cell components. At the end of the first 4 months in culture 2 sublines with different morphologies were identified. In nude mice, SKG-IIIa produce clear-cell epidermoid cancer with much glycogen, while SKG-IIIb grew as a moderately differentiated epidermoid cancer rich in tonofilaments. The presence of Regan isoenzyme was established by biochemistry, enzyme cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and immunoelectrophoresis. However, the copresence of small amounts of early placental alkaline phosphatase was also demonstrated. The alkaline phosphatase specific activities of SKG-IIIa cells and SKG-IIIb cells were 3.7 and 1.4 nmol per mg protein per min, respectively. The existence was proven by radioimmunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (SKG-IIIa, 5.0 mlU/mg protein; SKG-IIIb, 4.4 mlU/mg protein), pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SKG-IIIa, 0.7 ng/mg protein) in the culture media as a tumor cell product. The described cell lines may serve as a more representative model system for studies of regulation of oncodevelopmental genes in gynecological tumors in general and in epidermoid cervical cancer in particular.
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PMID:Newly established uterine cervical cancer cell line (SKG-III) with Regan isoenzyme, human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein phenotypes. 660 Sep 63

The production of early and term placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP), human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was confirmed in the newly established uterine cervical cancer call line SKG-IIIa. Treatment of these cells in culture with sodium butyrate caused an increase of all of these oncodevelopmental proteins. On the other hand, prednisolone treatment enhanced only term placental ALP, while it reduced early placental ALP, beta-hCG and SP1. These data suggested that such oncotrophoblastic proteins as early placental ALP, beta-hCG and SP1 were concordantly modulated by butyrate and prednisolone. These findings may support the possibility of the reexpression of sets of development phase-specific genes in cancer cells.
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PMID:Sodium butyrate produces concordant expression of "early placental" alkaline phosphatase, pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein and human chronic gonadotropin beta-subunit in a newly established uterine cervical cancer cell line (SKG-IIIa). 660 31

A comparison of several serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH isozyme, hydroxybutylrate dehydrogenase (HBD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (Choline-E), aldolase (ALD), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP)) was made in patients with carcinoma or benign tumor of the ovary and healthy control subjects. The greatest positive rates were obtained with the markers HBD (76.5%) and Choline-E (73.3%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary, respectively. However, based on false positive results, Choline-E was also greatest (50.0%) for patients with benign tumor of the ovary. The lowest false positive rates were obtained with ALD, but the positive rates for patients with stage I and II diseases were 0.0%. The most suitable single marker for patients with stage I and II diseases was HBD (62.5%), followed by LDH (41.7%). Three of 4 patients with early cancer, who had normal serum LDH levels, showed abnormal LDH isozyme patterns (elevated LDH-4 and -5). A combination of LDH activity and LDH isozyme resulted in an increase in the positive results (41.7% to 70.0%), that is, the cancer patients were positive for one of the two markers. For CEA, AFP and HCG, the positive results were 26.9%, 19.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Positive and false positive rates for ALP were 36.7% and 7.1%, but the positive rates in the early stage were lower (14.3%), compared to those for LDH and HBD. HBD and LDH activities in the ovarian malignant tissues and ascitic fluids were significantly higher than those in the benign tumor tissues and ascitic fluids, resulting in a significant elevation of serum LDH and HBD levels in the patients. Moreover, it was suggested that inhibition test of ALP by the inhibitors might be able to identify the tissue origin of ALP in the cancer patients.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of biochemical tumor markers in serum of patients with cancer of the ovary]. 683 10


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