Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Injection of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (DGaIN/LPS) is useful as an experimental model of acute hepatic damage. Juvenile rats were used for investigation. The hepatoprotective activity of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract (AGE) at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 days, intraperitoneal (i.p.) prior to the induction of DGalN/LPS, was investigated against DGalN/LPS-induced hepatitis in rats. DGalN/LPS (300 mg/kg body weight/30 microg/kg body weight, i.p.), induced hepatic damage that was manifested by a significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT)], bilirubin, lipid peroxides (LPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity level in serum. Also, the lipid profile in serum and liver homogenate including total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids were significantly deteriorated. The antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; reduced glutathione, GSH; catalase, CAT and glutathione peroxidase, GPX) in liver homogenate were significantly decreased in the DGalN/LPS. Pretreatment of rats with AGE reversed these altered parameters near to normal control values. Results of this study revealed that AGE could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of DGalN/LPS-induced hepatic damage.
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PMID:Aqueous garlic extract attenuates hepatitis and oxidative stress induced by galactosamine/lipoploysaccharide in rats. 1857 Feb 25

This study was undertaken to assess the risk of poisoning due to consumption of the puffer fish Lagocephalus lagocephalus collected along the Tunisian coast. Wistar rats were daily intraperitoneally injected, for 10 days, with acidic extracts of liver or flesh (muscles + skin) of L. lagocephalus. Control rats received injections of NaCl (0.9%). No mortality and no evident signs of neurotoxicity were recorded in treated rats. Conversely, treatment led to: (1) diarrhoea and body and organ (liver, kidney) weights loss; (2) oxidative stress evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and conversely a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, catalase, GSH-Px) in tissues (blood cells, liver, kidneys); (3) a decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in blood plasma.
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PMID:Toxicity assessment of the puffer fish Lagocephalus lagocephalus from the Tunisian coast. 1860 90

Oxidative damage is involved in the pathogenesis of various hepatic injuries. In the present study the capacity of Commiphora berryi (Arn) Engl bark as an antioxidant to protect against CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar rats was investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4), administered twice a week, produced a marked elevation in the serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Histopathological analysis of the liver of CCl(4)-induced rats revealed marked liver cell necrosis with inflammatory collections that were conformed to increase in the levels of SOD, GPx and CAT. Daily oral administration of methanolic extract of C. berryi (Arn) Engl bark at 100 and 200mg/kg doses for 15 days produced a dose-dependent reduction in the serum levels of liver enzymes. Treatment with C. berryi normalized various biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and was compared with standard Silymarin. Therefore, the results of this study show that C. berryi (Arn) Engl bark can be proposed to protect the liver against CCl(4)-induced oxidative damage in rats, and the hepatoprotective effect might be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Commiphora berryi (Arn) Engl bark extract against CCl(4)-induced oxidative damage in rats. 1869 29

This study examines the cytotoxicity of bone cement extract to osteoblasts and the potential detoxification and restoration of osteoblastic function by an antioxidant amino acid, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). The osteoblastic cells derived from rat femurs were cultured with extract from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement. The calcein and ethidium homodimer staining of the cells after 24-h incubation showed that 23.0% of the cells were dead in the culture with bone cement extract, while the addition of 5 mM NAC into the culture reduced the percentage to 4.3%. Annexin V and propidium iodide-based flow cytometric analysis also revealed that the apoptotic cells present at 15.8% in the culture with bone cement extract was reduced to 2.4% in the culture cotreated with bone cement extract and NAC. Severely suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization in the culture with bone cement extract (reduced to 10% and 5%, respectively, compared with the control culture) were restored to a normal level when treated with 5 mM NAC. The bone cement extract-induced, downregulated expression of osteoblastic genes, such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen I, and osteocalcin, was also restored to the baseline level by cotreatment with NAC. The data indicated that the addition of NAC into acrylic bone cement extract remarkably ameliorated the cytotoxicity to osteoblasts and restored their phenotype and function to a biologically significant degree, suggesting the potential usefulness of NAC in developing more biocompatible acrylic bone cement.
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PMID:N-acetyl cysteine prevents polymethyl methacrylate bone cement extract-induced cell death and functional suppression of rat primary osteoblasts. 1918 84

The goals of this study were to evaluate the acute and sublethal toxicity of copper (Cu(2+)) on the marine gastropod, Onchidium struma, and to examine the utility of enzymatic parameters as indicators of Cu(2+) exposure. In a semistatic renewal test, the 96-hour median lethal concentration of Cu(2+) for O. struma, 74.80 mg/L, was higher than that for other intertidal species. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and those of the metabolic enzymes-acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) -in both hepatopancreas and muscle were determined after a 1-week exposure to Cu(2+) (range 1.35 to 4.20 mg/L). The activities of both Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT were higher in hepatopancreas than muscle. In addition, there was a negative correlation between Cu(2+) concentration and Cu/Zn-SOD activity in hepatopancreas, whereas a positive correlation was observed for CAT activity. Concentration-dependent changes in ACP and AKP activity showed a similar trend in hepatopancreas, increasing then decreasing and, finally, a slight increase. In contrast, ACP activity was positively correlated with Cu(2+) across the concentration range tested. In both hepatopancreas and muscle, both GOT and GPT were activated by lower concentrations of Cu(2+) and inhibited at higher concentrations.
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PMID:Toxic effects of copper on antioxidative and metabolic enzymes of the marine gastropod, Onchidium struma. 1921 21

Through different working condition experiments, effect of hydraulic loading on antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and digestive enzyme (cellulose, alkaline phosphatase) activities of earthworm in biofilter were studied. The results indicated that antioxidant enzyme and digestive enzyme activities of earthworms responded to hydraulic loading stresses differently. SOD and CAT activities of earthworms increased with the increase of hydraulic loading in the scale of 2.4-6.7 m3 x (m2 x d)(-1), earthworms resisted external environmental stress by coordination function of antioxidation system, so they could survive in different conditions. In addition, digestive enzyme activity, digest ability, sludge reduction and stabilization effect showed excellent correlation (p < 0.05). When the hydraulic loading was 4.8 m3 x (m2 x d)(-1), earthworm biofilter showed a high level of AKP, FP and digest rate (41.47%), which was notably better than that of other conditions, sludge and organic matter reduction rate came to the maximum, 48.2% and 65.5% respectively. However, higher level of hydraulic loading [> or = 6.0 m3 x (m2 x d)(-1)] restrained AKP and FP activity markedly and metabolism level was affected, sludge reduction rate had certain decadence, so it was unfavorable for earthworm biofilter to bring the ecological function into play. At last it is recommended that the hydraulic loading of earthworm biofilter should not exceed 6.0 m3 x (m2 x d)(-1).
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PMID:[Effect of hydraulic loading on antioxidant enzyme and digestive enzyme activities of earthworm in biofilter]. 1954 1

Efficient export of secretory alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from the endoplasmic reticulum depends on the conserved transmembrane sorting adaptor Erv26p/Svp26p. In the present study we investigated the mechanism by which Erv26p couples pro-ALP to the coat protein complex II (COPII) export machinery. Site-specific mutations were introduced into Erv26p, and mutant proteins were assessed in cell-free assays that monitor interactions with pro-ALP cargo and packaging into COPII vesicles. Mutations in the second and third loop domains of Erv26p inhibited interaction with pro-ALP, whereas mutations in the C-terminal tail sequence influenced incorporation into COPII vesicles and subcellular distribution. Interestingly mutations in the second loop domain also influenced Erv26p homodimer associations. Finally we demonstrated that Ktr3p, a cis-Golgi-localized mannosyltransferase, also relies on Erv26p for efficient COPII-dependent export from the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings demonstrate that Erv26p acts as a protein sorting adaptor for a variety of Type II transmembrane cargo proteins and requires domain-specific interactions with both cargo and coat subunits to promote efficient secretory protein transport.
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PMID:Molecular dissection of Erv26p identifies separable cargo binding and coat protein sorting activities. 1957 29

We investigated the influence of the flavonoid-rich fraction from Spermacoce hispida seed (S-Frf) on PPAR-alpha gene expression, plasma and erythrocyte antioxidants status, protein metabolism, and marker enzymes in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding a 20% high fat diet (HFD) to male albino Wistar rats for 66 days. Diabetes was induced on the 17th day by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). When compared with diabetic hyperlipid-emic rats, plasma TBARS and LOOH levels decreased, the activities of enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx) and plasma GSH levels increased in the S-Frf fed group. The activities of plasma hepatic markers serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and levels of plasma urea, uric acid, creatinine, globulin, A/G ratio significantly decreased, whereas liver weight, total protein, and albumin increased. Oral administration of S-Frf up-regulates PPAR-alpha (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) gene expression, activates fatty acid catabolism, and is involved in the control of lipoprotein assembly in liver. The results show that S-Frf has an antihyperlipidemic effect, improves antioxidant status, and alleviates liver and kidney damage associated with HFD-fed-STZ rats by up-regulating PPAR-alpha mRNA.
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PMID:Influence of flavonoid-rich fraction from Spermacoce hispida seed on PPAR-alpha gene expression, antioxidant redox status, protein metabolism and marker enzymes in high-fat-diet fed STZ diabetic rats. 1966 17

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary phytate and phytase on the metabolic parameters of lipid, protein, enzyme, electrolyte in the blood or intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens. Diets containing phytate phosphorus (0.22% or 0.44%) with phytase supplementation (0, 500 or 1000 U/kg) were administrated to 504 Cobb chicks for 4 weeks. Results showed that the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (T-CHO), albumin, albumin/globulin, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were decreased by 9-41% in high phytate diets (p < 0.05) and the concentrations of blood P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mg were decreased by 4-14% for birds fed high phytate diets (p < 0.05), whereas inclusion of phytase compensated these adverse influences. In the duodenum, phytate decreased the level of T-AOC by 13% (p < 0.05), whereas phytase increased the levels of T-SOD, T-AOC and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 9-16% (p < 0.05). Also, in the jejunum, diets with high phytate showed lower activity of T-SOD, T-AOC and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) (p < 0.05), and phytase increased T-SOD, T-AOC and ALP (p < 0.05). However, phytase decreased transaminase activity in the low phytate basal diets (p < 0.05). This study suggests that dietary phytate can adversely interfere with the metabolisms of lipid and protein, as well as the antioxidation of blood and intestinal cells, while phytase supplementation may compensate these effects for broiler chickens.
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PMID:Effect of dietary phytate and phytase on metabolic change of blood and intestinal mucosa in chickens. 1990 43

The crystal structure of a cold-active alkaline phosphatase from a psychrophile, Shewanella sp. (SCAP), was solved at 2.2 A. A refined model showed a homodimer with six metal-ligand sites. The arrangement of the catalytic residues resembled those of alkaline phosphatases (APs), suggesting that the reaction mechanism of SCAP was fundamentally identical to those of other APs. SCAP had two distinct structural features: (i) a loop with Arg122 that bound to the phosphate moiety of the substrate suffered no constraints from the linkage to other secondary structures, and (ii) Mg3-ligand His109 was considered to undergo repulsive effect with neighboring Trp228. The local flexibility led by these features might be an important factor in the high catalytic efficiency of SCAP at low temperatures.
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PMID:Crystal structure of cold-active alkaline phosphatase from the psychrophile Shewanella sp. 2005 43


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