Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have purified and characterized recombinant Xenopus bone morphogenetic proteins (xBMPs): homodimers of xBMP-4, 7 and heterodimers (xBMP-4/7) produced by a baculovirus expression system. Highly purified xBMPs had homogeneous NH2-termini predicted from a consensus motif, Arg-X-X-Arg, while they possessed diverse sugar chains. Implantation of xBMPs together with pure collagen carrier in rats induced new bone formation in a dose-dependent manner. The xBMP-4/7 heterodimer showed the strongest activity, with an effective dose of 1-30 micrograms, while more than 10 micrograms of xBMP-4 or 7 homodimer was required for a significant effect. Histological examination revealed that xBMP-4/7 implants showed intramembranous ossification without chondrogenesis. In primary cultures of rat bone marrow stromal cells, xBMP-4/7 induced alkaline phosphatase 3-fold more strongly than xBMP-7 and 20-fold more than xBMP-4. These results suggest that the heterodimeric form of BMP would generate the strongest signal triggering osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells in adult tissues.
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PMID:Potent ectopic bone-inducing activity of bone morphogenetic protein-4/7 heterodimer. 776 40

In this study, we attempted to purify the dimeric BMP-2 from extracts of Xenopus embryos in order to show the presence of BMP-2 activity in the embryos. Immunoreactive BMP-2 protein was found to be a homodimer of an 18 kDa BMP-2 polypeptide linked through disulfide bridge(s). Biological activities of the partially purified dimeric BMP-2 were examined in vitro. The Xenopus BMP-2 induced alkaline phosphatase in a dose-dependent manner in cultured osteoblastic cells, MC3T3-E1. The inducing activity was synergistically enhanced by the presence of retinoic acid. The results showed that the dimeric form of Xenopus BMP-2 has an indistinguishable biological activity from that of mammalian BMP-2.
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PMID:Biologically active BMP-2 in early Xenopus laevis embryos. 811 84

A normocalcemic animal model of vitamin D (vit. D)-deficiency has been successfully developed by feeding a high calcium (Ca2+) diet to vit. D.-deficient rats. The modulating role of Ca2+ on the hepatic antioxidant defence system and lipid peroxidation has been evaluated in this model. Partial restoration of liver function was noted in these rats following extra Ca2+ feeding. Serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase reverted to a normal level. The reduced levels of hepatic SOD and glutathione peroxidase in vit. D.-deficient rats, were also increased after extra Ca2+ supplementation. Even elevated lipid peroxidation due to vit. D.-deficiency was reduced after feeding the extra Ca(2+)-supplemented diet. However, catalase activity remained at the control level throughout the study. The results provide important evidence that normocalcemia is essential for maintaining the hepatic antioxidant defence and controlling lipid peroxidation in the in vivo milieu.
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PMID:The role of calcium in the modulation of the hepatic anti-oxidant defence system. 821 47

Ethanol administration to rats for 30 days and 90 days followed by paracetamol administration resulted in liver injury indicated by the significant increase in the serum GOT and GPT levels. The ethanol treatment to rats and the administration of paracetamol to the normal and alcoholic rats also caused a significant increase in the activity of serum acid and alkaline phosphatase. The hepatotoxicity of ethanol and paracetamol were indicated by the histological alterations in this study. The content of lipid peroxidation products-malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes were increased in the liver, heart, kidney and brain of the acute and chronic ethanol treated and paracetamol treated rats. The activities of the antiperoxidative enzymes-SOD and catalase decreased in the ethanol and paracetamol treated rats. The changes in the activities of the antiperoxidative enzymes in alcoholism and drug toxicity suggests increased peroxidation, increased synthesis of ecosonoids and increased damage to the tissues. The glutathione levels were decreased in the rats administered ethanol for 30 days, while the glutathione levels increased in the 90 days ethanol treated rats. The paracetamol treatment caused a decrease in the glutathione levels in the normals and the ethanol treated rats.
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PMID:Role of lipid peroxides, glutathione and antiperoxidative enzymes in alcohol and drug toxicity. 835 54

The biochemical properties of recombinant amphibian bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), the cDNA of which has been cloned recently by screening of a Xenopus cDNA library, was characterized. The protein was expressed by the transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with the cDNA cloned into expression vectors bearing a cytomegalovirus promoter or a simian virus 40 promoter. Northern-blot analysis showed that the latter vector was more efficient for Xenopus BMP-4 expression. Specific antiserum against Xenopus BMP-4 peptide demonstrated that the protein is synthesized as a large precursor, processed to the mature form and then secreted from the cells as a homodimer. Analysis of the biological activity in the conditioned medium revealed that Xenopus BMP-4 has a potent alkaline phosphatase-inducing activity on mouse osteoblastic cells.
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PMID:Biochemical properties of amphibian bone morphogenetic protein-4 expressed in CHO cells. 838 68

Imbalance of zinc and copper status has been hypothesized in human hypertension. A case-control study was carried out to elucidate the possible relationship between zinc and copper status and essential hypertension. Thirty-one subjects affected by mild stable hypertension, pharmacologically untreated, were investigated together with 31 normotensive controls individually matched for sex, age, and smoking habits. Zinc and copper in serum and urine wee measured, and serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), lysyl oxidase (LOX), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were evaluated. No significant difference in serum and urine zinc and copper content as far as in serum activity of zinc (AP and LDH) or copper (Cu-Zn SOD, LOX, and MAO)-dependent enzymes was found between hypertensives and normotensives. Positive relationships were found in normotensives between serum and urine levels of zinc (r = 0.577; p = 0.001) and copper (r = 0.394; p = 0.028), and between serum copper and Cu-Zn SOD (r = 0.534; p = 0.002). In normotensives, diastolic blood pressure and serum zinc were positively related (r = 0.370; p = 0.041). In hypertensives, inverse correlations were observed between diastolic blood pressure and AP (r = -0.498; p = 0.004) and Cu-Zn SOD (r = 0.452; p = 0.011), and between systolic blood pressure and LOX (r = -0.385; p = 0.033). Diastolic blood pressure was related to LDH inversely in hypertensives (r = -0.357; p = 0.049) and positively in normotensives (r = 0.457; p = 0.010). In normotensives, diastolic blood pressure was inversely related with MAO (r = -0.360; p = 0.046). These findings support the hypothesis that an imbalance of zinc and copper status might be involved in human hypertension.
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PMID:Zinc, copper, and zinc- or copper-dependent enzymes in human hypertension. 856 90

We have expressed and biologically characterized recombinant human growth/differentiation factor 5 (huGDF5). This protein is composed of a mature homodimer consisting of 15 kD subunits. Using recombinant expressed protein, we have demonstrated that huGDF5 in vitro stimulated mesenchyme aggregation and chondrogenesis in rat limb bud cells. In vivo, partially purified huGDF5 induced cartilage and bone formation in muscular tissues of rodents. However, in contrast to the effects of other BMPs, as for example BMP-2, the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells did not respond to huGDF5 as measured by alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggest that the action of GDF5 may be relatively specific for chondrogenesis during the entire process of the endochondral bone formation. GDF5 may control the morphogenesis of cartilaginous tissue, including joints, in the skeletal development of limbs.
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PMID:Recombinant human growth/differentiation factor 5 stimulates mesenchyme aggregation and chondrogenesis responsible for the skeletal development of limbs. 896 21

A bacterial expression vector is described for investigation of protein-protein interactions. Important features of the vector include partition of the cI repressor of bacteriophage lambda into two functional domains separated by a multicloning site, and low level auto-regulated expression of human genes as C-terminal fusions to the DNA-binding domain of cI. Two different reporter systems have been employed; expression of either a suppressor tRNA or the alkaline phosphatase gene is dependent in both cases on the extent of repression of the major leftward promoter of lambda (lambdaP(L)). The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) has been used as a model protein complex because both homodimer and heterodimer interactions are known to occur and because cAMP acts as a modulator of these interactions. It has been shown that the product of the repressor gene with newly incorporated expressed polylinker restriction sites still functions as a repressor. Substitution of the dimerisation domain of the cI repressor with the regulatory subunit of PKA does not diminish the ability of a cI fusion protein to repress expression of the reporter gene from lambdaP(L), indicating that the regulatory subunit of PKA dimerises the fusion protein in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm. Substitution instead with the catalytic subunit of PKA destroys the repression ability of cI, which is partially restored by separate expression of the regulatory subunit within the same cell. Complete restoration is achieved using a host E. coli strain which has lost its ability to synthesise cAMP and again this can be reversed by the addition of exogenous cAMP to these cells. Human PKA has been reconstituted in the E. coli cytoplasm, where all subunit interactions appear functional and respond as expected to the allosteric modulator cAMP.
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PMID:A novel bacterial vector system for monitoring protein-protein interactions in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex. 903 6

The protective mechanisms operating in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to counteract the potential oxidizing effects of excess free iron, was tested in rats fed with excess iron. The activities of some antioxidant enzymes, the levels of GSH and the extent of lipid peroxidation at the site of iron absorption were measured. Based on the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) produced, it could be deduced that the duodenal segment of GI tract is resistant to iron mediated lipid peroxidation. The duodenal function as judged from the activities of marker enzymes, namely, alkaline phosphatase and Lys-Ala-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase was normal. There was depletion of GSH possibly due to the increased activities of Cu, Zn SOD and catalase. However, the activity of Gpx was decreased in the Fe fed group. It was also observed that the ratios of SOD/Gpx and Cat/Gpx had significantly increased in the treated group whereas SOD/Cat remained constant suggesting that antioxidative enzymes play a key role in rendering the intestinal mucosal cells resistant to iron induced oxidative damage in rats.
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PMID:Protective effects of antioxidant enzymes and GSH in vivo on iron mediated lipid peroxidation in gastrointestinal tract of rat. 949 52

A novel alkaline phosphatase, designated PiALP, has been purified and characterized from Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611, an anaerobe implicated in progressive periodontal disease. The enzyme was a homodimer of apparently identical subunits of Mr 54 kDa. Thiol-reducing agents completely inhibited the purified enzyme. The enzyme was highly stable even at 80 degrees C. It exhibited substantial activity against tyrosine-phosphate-containing Raytide. The phosphatase activity was sensitive to orthovanadate and Zn2+ but highly resistant to okadaic acid. The amino acid sequence of peptides derived from PiALP showed a high degree of identity (65%) with alkaline phosphatases from Zymomonas mobilis and Synechococcus. The present results imply that PiALP might represent a new family of alkaline phosphotyrosyl phosphatases which has not been described previously.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase containing phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity from the bacterium Prevotella intermedia. 965 26


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