Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the surface expression of activation markers IL2-R, HLA-DR and CD45-RO on peripheral T-lymphocytes in two groups of patients (n = 26) with idiopathic uveoretinitis, compared with controls. Thirteen patients were analysed by alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemistry, which demonstrated a significant rise in expression of HLA-DR and IL2-R surface markers. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on a further 13 patients, which confirmed a significant rise in IL2-R expression in uveitis patients. Within this group systemic activation was confined to patients with idiopathic retinal vasculitis. Dual flow cytometry confirmed a CD4+,IL2--R+ T--lymphocyte phenotype. A further 4 patients with retinal vasculitis who had been treated with cyclosporin A demonstrated a 32% reduction in IL2-R expression over a 3-month period. Analysis of CD45-RO and CD5+ cells was found to be uninformative in this study. We have demonstrated activated peripheral lymphocytes in patients predominantly with retinal vasculitis, the significance of which is discussed.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical analysis of blood lymphocytes in uveitis. 128 45

Several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are now available for immunophenotyping non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. To determine the reliability of these reagents in predicting the genotype, 44 cases of NHL were studied with the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique with the use of the following MoAbs: leukocyte common antigen (CD45), Mac 387, L26, 4KB5, MB1, MB2, LN2, UCHL1, MT1, and MT2. The lineage of the neoplastic cells was determined in all cases by gene rearrangement studies for immunoglobulin heavy chain and for the T-cell receptor beta-chain. Genotypic results showed B-cell lineage in 33 cases (75%), T-cell lineage in 6 cases (14%), and mixed or undetermined lineage in 5 cases (11%). A concordance of lineage assignment by paraffin section immunophenotyping with gene rearrangement studies was observed in 37 of 39 (95%) lymphomas with an unequivocally defined genotype. MoAb L26 was the most sensitive in detecting B-cell genotype; MoAbs MT1 and UCHL1 were the most sensitive and specific, respectively, in detecting T-cell genotype. The authors conclude that lineage assignment of NHLs in paraffin sections is reflective of the corresponding genotype when an appropriate panel of MoAbs is used.
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PMID:Immunophenotyping of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. A comparison with genotypic analysis. 184

Lymph node aspirates from 18 peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTLs) were analyzed. Cytologic and immunocytologic studies were performed on Cytospin preparations using the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase method with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD30). The cytologic diagnosis was confirmed by histologic investigation. Nine lymph node aspirates from patients with Lennert's lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic (AILD)-type PTL and pleomorphic small-cell-type PTL were composed predominantly of small-to-intermediate-sized lymphocytes. An admixture of plasma cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes with an irregular nucleus, granula in the cytoplasm or abundant cytoplasm was also seen. Nine lymph node aspirates from patients with T-immunoblastic lymphoma, pleomorphic large-cell-type PTL and large-cell anaplastic (Ki-1+) lymphoma showed marked cytologic heterogeneity. Immunocytologic investigation of the aspirates using the antibodies CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD30 was helpful for the differentiation of PTLs from reactive lymphadenopathy and other malignant lymphomas. A strong predominance of CD3+ cells was found in only seven cases. The aspirates expressed a helper/inducer phenotype in 11 cases and a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype in 4 cases. A T-cell phenotype not corresponding to the normal T-cell phenotype was found in nine cases. In 15 of the 18 cases, the number of CD19+ cells was found to be less than 15%. The large cells of the large-cell anaplastic (Ki-1+) lymphoma expressed the antigens CD30 and CD45 and were negative for CD15. These findings indicate that immunocytologic studies can be used in improving the cytologic diagnosis of PTLs.
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PMID:Cytologic and immunocytologic studies of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. 204 31

A simplified method of processing of fine needle aspirates for paraffin miniblocks suitable for both morphologic and immunocytochemical evaluation is described. Aspirates were fixed in ethanol at 4 degrees C, dehydrated in acetone and xylene and embedded in paraffin (58 degrees C). All steps were carried out in a single Eppendorf centrifuge tube; the total process took less than four hours. Deparaffinized sections were stained using the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase technique with monoclonal and conventional antibodies helpful in the differential cytologic diagnosis of alcohol-fixed aspiration biopsy specimens. Antibodies to keratin, vimentin, desmin, neurofilaments, glial fibrillary acidic protein, leukocyte-common antigen, synaptophysin and immunoglobulin kappa and lambda light chains reacted positively on the miniblock material. Since the paraffin miniblocks combine the histologic pattern of the tumor with the differentiation-specific information provided by immunocytochemistry, their use can improve the accuracy of tumor typing in aspirates.
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PMID:Immunocytochemistry on fine needle aspirates in paraffin miniblocks. 214 Apr 87

Several immunohistochemical methods are now available for the staining of neoplastic cells in tissue sections. The authors have found that the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method is sensitive and reliable. Murine monoclonal or nonmurine polyclonal antibodies can be used to label a variety of membranous and/or cellular constituents in tissues that have been routinely processed in a histopathology laboratory. The monoclonal antibody against leukocyte common antigen (CD45) can be used to differentiate hematologic from nonhematologic tumors. Monoclonal antibodies (L26, LN1, LN2, LN3, MB1, MB2) label B-cell lymphomas, whereas other monoclonal antibodies (UCHL1, MT1) more characteristically stain T-cell lymphomas. Polyclonal antibodies against CD3 specifically mark neoplastic cells from T-cell lymphomas and leukemias but as yet are not commercially available. Monoclonal antibodies Leu-M1 (CD15), Ber H2 (Ki-1; CD30), and LN2 label Reed-Sternberg cells from most cases of nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's disease. Monoclonal antibodies Mac 387, KP1 (CD68), and NP57 (antielastase), as well as polyclonal antibodies against lysozyme, help identify subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia and extramedullary myeloid cell tumors. Although there are now excellent reagents ready for use, there is still a significant need for more lineage-specific (particularly against CD epitopes) monoclonal antibodies capable of labeling neoplastic cells in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from patients with hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:Immunophenotyping of hematologic neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. 218 Feb 77

Immunocytochemical studies were performed on fine needle aspirates of the liver in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. A panel of commercially available antibodies was used to study the aspirated cells by immunoalkaline phosphatase and immunoperoxidase methods. The malignant cells in the aspirates, which were positively stained by the immunoperoxidase method for alphafetoprotein and by both methods for epithelial membrane antigen, were most probably hepatocellular in origin. Some cells were shown by the immunoalkaline phosphatase method to possess leukocyte-common antigen (LCA) and antigens of colonic and ovarian tissues. These findings were further investigated, and it was found that the tumor cells indeed had LCA as well as levamisole-resistant alkaline phosphatase activity. Although the immunoalkaline phosphatase methods are useful immunodiagnostic techniques applicable to fine needle aspirates, the endogenous enzyme activity present in some nonhematopoietic tumor cells is a cause for caution in the use of these methods in aspirates from nonhematopoietic tumor tissues.
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PMID:Endogenous phosphatase activity in tumor cells in a liver aspirate. A potential problem for immunocytodiagnosis using immunoalkaline phosphatase methods. 247 87

Recently, great interest has been shown in the histological identification of small cell tumours of childhood--nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumour), neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma--using immunohistochemical methods. However, several antigens operationally specific for leucocyte typing in blood and marrow are also expressed on cells of epithelial and neural origin. We undertook phenotypic characterization of 17 non-haemopoietic small cell tumours of childhood using a panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies to leucocyte, epithelial and cytoskeletal antigens using a sensitive alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique on cryostat sections of fresh tumour. Our results demonstrated frequent expression of the leucocyte-associated antigens CD10 (CALLA), CD9 (p24) and CDw32 (FcRII) in these small cell tumours and occasional expression of MHC class II (HLA-DR) and HNK-1 antigens. However, the leucocyte-associated antigens CD45 (leucocyte common), CD22 (pan B-cell), CD11b (C3bi receptor), CD15 (Lewisx) or CDw42 (platelet gp Ib) were not detected on any tumour. Aberrant expression of desmin, neurofilament and UJ13A antigen was found in nephroblastoma and of epithelial-associated markers (CIBr17 and 43-9F) in neuroblastoma. Our results also demonstrated broad reactivity in frozen section with two monoclonal antibodies specific for melanoma (NKI/C-3) or epithelial cells (OM-1) in paraffin sections. Hence, it is necessary to include monoclonal antibodies to CD45 and pan-epithelial antigens, e.g. LP34 (cytokeratin) or HEA125 for the precise immunohistochemical identification of small round cell malignancies of childhood.
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PMID:Phenotypic characterization of non-haemopoietic small cell tumours of childhood with monoclonal antibodies to leucocytes, epithelial cells and cytoskeletal proteins. 254

Several properties of fibroblastic colony-forming units (CFU-F) from murine bone marrow and their in vitro progeny were evaluated. CFU-F had a high buoyant density relative to total bone marrow cells; they were noncycling in situ and adhered to nylon wool. The fibroblastic cells stained positively for fibronectin, lipid, alkaline phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase, while phagocytosis assays were negative, and ultrastructural analysis failed to reveal desmosomes. These properties contrasted bone-marrow-derived fibroblastic cells to both endothelial cells and macrophages. Fibroblastic cells derived from several hemopoietic organs and skin were screened for antigenic determinants present on hemopoietic cells using monoclonal antibodies. Mac-1 and B220 were absent from all fibroblastic cells studied, whereas the Forsmann and Pgp-1 antigens were always present. Thy-1 was not detected on bone-marrow-derived fibroblasts, but was present on fibroblastic cells derived from other sources. T200 was found on all hemopoietic organ-derived fibroblastic cells, but not on those derived from blood and skin. Thus, analysis of antigenic determinants allowed distinction between fibroblastic cells from different organs.
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PMID:Characterization of fibroblastic stromal cells from murine bone marrow. 258 Jul 29

Extramedullary tissue infiltrates of acute myeloid leukemia are rare and often difficult to recognize in routine paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Since appropriate therapy for these tumors depends on their precise identification, we have studied a series of tissues infiltrated with primitive myeloid cells using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies capable of labeling cells of the myeloid/monocytic system in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The current retrospective study involved tissues from 15 patients (eight men and seven women) with a mean age of 51 years (range, 23-77). A diagnosis of extramedullary myeloid cell tumors had been made on the basis of routine histology, chloroacetate esterase cytochemical stain, and--in some cases--electron microscopy. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were cut and stained employing the alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunocytochemical procedure with monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte-common antigen (PD7/26-2B11), restricted components of the leukocyte-common antigen (UCHL1, 4KB5), granulocytes (Mac-387, Leu-M1), leukocytes (MT1, MT2, LN1, LN2), HLA-DR (LN3), and elastase (NP57), as well as polyclonal antibodies against lactoferrin, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Results indicate that antibodies against Mac-387, elastase, and lysozyme are most useful in the recognition of neoplastic myeloid cells. We conclude that tissues containing granulocytic tumors can be identified in paraffin-embedded tissue sections using a panel of antibodies and the APAAP procedure.
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PMID:The immunophenotyping of extramedullary myeloid cell tumors in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. 297 Aug 8

The emerging clinical relevance of bone marrow micrometastasis has prompted several investigations, using a variety of immunocytochemical approaches. The present study was designed to evaluate some of the variables affecting the immunocytochemical detection of individual epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. Using an alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase staining technique, we evaluated bone marrow aspirates from 358 patients with primary carcinomas of the breast (n = 150), lung (n = 66), prostate (n = 42), or colorectum (n = 100). Individual tumor cells in cytological preparations were detected with monoclonal antibody (MAb) CK2 to the epithelial cytokeratin component 18 (CK18), which has been validated in extensive clinical studies. In addition, the utility of the broad-spectrum MAb A45-B/B3 was explored in this study. The high specificity of MAbs CK2 and A45-B/B3 was supported by analysis of bone marrow from 75 noncarcinoma control patients and by double-marker analysis with MAbs to mesenchymal marker proteins (CD45 and vimentin). In contrast, MAbs E29 and HMFG1, directed to mucin-like epithelial membrane proteins, cross-reacted with hematopoietic cells in 26.7-42.7% of all samples tested. The majority of the 154 positive samples (43.0%) from cancer patients displayed less than 10 CK18-positive cells per 8 x 10(5) marrow cells analyzed. The detection rate, however, was affected by blood contamination of the aspirate, the number of aspirates analyzed, and the number of marrow cells screened per aspiration site. Comparative immunostaining of bone marrow specimens with MAbs CK2 and A45-B/B3 indicated that downregulation of CK18 in micrometastatic carcinoma cells occurs in about 50% of the 172 samples analyzed, regardless of the primary tumor origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Methodological analysis of immunocytochemical screening for disseminated epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. 753 Jan 32


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