Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied the levels of the biochemical markers of bone formation total serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin (BGP) and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), the levels of the biochemical marker of bone resorption serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and those of intact immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) in 30 patients at different stages of chronic renal failure (CRF), all of them without verifiable hepatopathy, and in 9 patients in hemodialysis with hepatopathy measured by the Knodell index. Sixteen control subjects were also studied. In the group of patients with CRF with or without hepatopathy, the levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover were significantly elevated with respect to those of control patients. We did not find any significant difference in the levels of these parameters between the groups with and without liver damage, in spite of the fact that TRAP and PICP are cleared mainly by the liver. Levels of TRAP and PICP correlated significantly with the other biochemical markers of bone turnover studied. The good relation observed between PICP, TRAP and the biochemical indexes of bone activity and iPTH levels suggests the clinical value of these markers in the follow-up of bone involvement in patients with CRF. On the other hand, the frequent hepatopathy found in patients with CRF does not seem to affect to a significant extent the diagnostic value of PICP and TRAP in this pathology.
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of serum carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen I and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase determinations to evaluate bone turnover in patients with chronic renal failure. 770 Feb 13

Hind limb elevation of the growing rat provides a good model for the skeletal changes that occur during space flight. In this model the bones of the forelimbs (normally loaded) are used as an internal control for the changes that occur in the unloaded bones of the hind limbs. Previous studies have shown that skeletal unloading of the hind limbs results in a transient reduction of bone formation in the tibia and femur, with no change in the humerus. This fall in bone formation is accompanied by a fall in serum osteocalcin (bone Gla protein, BGP) and bone BGP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, but a rise in bone insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) protein and mRNA levels and resistance to the skeletal growth-promoting actions of IGF-I. To determine whether skeletal unloading also induced resistance to GH, we evaluated the response of the femur and humerus of sham and hypophysectomized rats, control and hind limb elevated, to GH (two doses), measuring mRNA levels of IGF-I, BGP, rat bone alkaline phosphatase (RAP), and alpha 1(1)-procollagen (coll). Hypophysectomy (HPX) decreased the mRNA levels of IGF-I, BGP, and coll in the femur, but was either less effective or had the opposite effect in the humerus. GH at the higher dose (500 micrograms/day) restored these mRNA levels to or above the sham control values in the femur, but generally had little or no effect on the humerus. RAP mRNA levels were increased by HPX, especially in the femur. The lower dose of GH (50 micrograms/day) inhibited this rise in RAP, whereas the higher dose raised the mRNA levels and resulted in the appearance of additional transcripts not seen in controls. As for the other mRNAs, RAP mRNA in the humerus was less affected by HPX or GH than that in the femur. Hind limb elevation led to an increase in IGF-I, coll, and RAP mRNAs and a reduction in BGP mRNA in the femur and either had no effect or potentiated the response of these mRNAs to GH. We conclude that GH stimulates a number of markers of bone formation by raising their mRNA levels, and that skeletal unloading does not block this response, but the response varies substantially from bone to bone.
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PMID:The molecular response of bone to growth hormone during skeletal unloading: regional differences. 772 Jun 59

The assay of serum peptides of bone collagen formation and degradation could potentially provide an indirect estimate of the rate of bone turnover. In our study we have measured serum levels of the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) as a marker of bone formation and serum levels of the pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide domain of type I collagen (ICTP) as a marker of bone resorption in 53 patients (47.7 +/- 10 years, M +/- SD) on haemodialysis (for 9.5 +/- 3.8 years) and affected by renal osteodystrophy. Besides PICP and ICTP, patients were also sampled for serum intact and C-terminal PTH, osteocalcin (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP). A transiliac bone biopsy for histomorphometry was also performed in all. As expected both PTH assays, BGP and AP, were correlated reciprocally and to histomorphometric parameters. As for serum levels of PICP, they were on average increased (268.5 +/- 104.9 ng/ml, M +/- SD) compared to normals (range 66-176), but not correlated to classical humoral markers of hyperparathyroidism (PTH and AP), with the exception of BGP (with a rather low r value: 0.365, P < 0.01), nor to histomorphometric indices of bone resorption and formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum peptides of collagen synthesis and degradation in dialysis renal osteodystrophy. 772 29

Corticosteroid therapy causes osteopenia and growth retardation in children; such changes are associated with diminished rates of bone formation and turnover. Since growth hormone activates bone remodeling, the biochemical and skeletal responses to rhGH were evaluated in four pediatric patients, aged 12.8 +/- 3 years, with long-term corticosteroid use (5 +/- 2 years). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), 0.125 mg/kg, was given 3 times/week by subcutaneous injection for 12 months. Iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained after double tetracycline labeling before and at the end of rhGH therapy; serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (intact), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, osteocalcin (BGP), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured every 3 months during the treatment period. The average dose of prednisone was 0.24 +/- 0.05 mg/kg/day initially, and this did not change during the study. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and BGP were unchanged during the rhGH therapy, but the serum IGF-1 level increased by 71%, p < 0.01. Eroded bone perimeter and cancellous bone area did not change significantly during rhGH therapy. Bone formation rates rose from 423 +/- 475 to 781 +/- 407 microns2/mm2/day, p < 0.05, and the length of double tetracycline-labeled bone perimeter increased by 85%, p < 0.05. The bone formation rate in the growth hormone group exceeded the values of an age-matched reference group (14.3 +/- 3 years), 780 +/- 407 microns2/mm2/day versus 411 +/- 479 microns2/mm2/day, p < 0.05.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Skeletal response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in children treated with long-term corticosteroids. 774 27

Physical activity has been suggested to be one of the determinants of bone turnover and to prevent age-related bone loss. To examine this we measured the serum levels of osteocalcin (bone Gla-protein, BGP), C-terminal procollagen peptide (PICP), serum alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and S-calcium as indices of bone formation in 19 actively performing and 15 ex-lifters. All were nationally or internationally ranked male athletes. Their values were compared with those from 38 age- and gender-matched controls. Actively performing weight lifters had 35% higher (P < 0.05) serum concentration of osteocalcin than the controls. The ex-lifters did not differ from the age-matched controls. Also serum calcium was elevated in active lifters (6%) (P < 0.01) but not in ex-lifters. No difference was found for serum-ALP, B-ALP, or PICP in either of the groups. Our study indicates that in addition to an already documented and well-known higher bone mineral density in heavily exercising athletes, they have an indication of higher bone formation as measured by biochemical markers. In athletes who have retired from competitional training, however, the bone formation does not differ from that of more sedentary controls.
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PMID:Indicators of bone formation in weight lifters. 775 19

In 27 patients on periodic haemodialysis, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (BGP), intact parathyroid hormone (PTHi) and its two fragments, terminal COOH (PTH-Cter) and middle molecule (PTH-MM), and procollagen type 1 carboxy-terminal extension peptide (P1CP) were measured. The same patients underwent radiography of the skull and of the hands, ultrasonography of the parathyroids and scintigraphy of the skeleton with 99mTc-MDP. The study was completed by the measurement of aluminium (Al) in the blood and the deferoxamine test (DFO). Two groups of patients emerged, one (group A, n = 14) with PTHi greatly increased (201.07 +/- 109.72 pg/mL) and the other (group B, n = 13) with values within the normal range (32.69 +/- 17.06 pg/mL) (p < 0.001). In group A, ALP, BGP and particularly P1CP were increased with a statistically significant difference compared to group B. Specific radiographic alterations were found in 12 patients of group A; 7 patients also had hypertrophy of the parathyroids. There was no difference in the scintigraphic alterations of the skeleton between the two groups. The authors conclude that it is the association of the high values of PTHi with those of the markers of bone metabolism, the normal level of Al, the negativity of the DFO test and the radiological alterations which together allow the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy with hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Renal osteodystrophy with hyperparathyroidism: the diagnostic value of intact parathormone, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and procollagen. 786 45

Type 1 collagen is the major organic constituent of the bone: its synthesis is reflected by the serum levels of type 1 procollagen C-terminal propeptide (PICP), which is therefore considered an index of osteoblastic activity. Serum PICP along with other serum and urinary markers of bone metabolism were measured in 16 untreated premenopausal females affected by Graves' disease and also in 7 of them after attainment of euthyroidism by methimazole treatment. Before treatment PICP was higher than sex and age-matched controls (324.19 +/- 101.74 vs. 131.44 +/- 26.25 micrograms/l, p < 0.001). Osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium and urinary excretions of calcium and hydroxyproline were significantly increased with respect to controls, whereas parathormone was lower. Treatment induced a significant decrease of PICP, as well as calcemia, calciuria and hydroxyprolinuria compared to pretreatment values, while osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase did not significantly differ. Non parametric correlation analysis showed positive correlation of free T3 and PICP (rs = 0.73, p < 0.005), osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase; PICP was also significantly correlated with osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase. Our data suggest that hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease causes an increase of serum concentrations of PICP, which decrease after attainment of euthyroidism. The differences between PICP and BGP as markers of bone synthesis need to be further clarified.
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PMID:Increased serum levels of carboxyterminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (PICP) in hyperthyroidism. 795 10

Twenty-four surgically menopausal women were randomly allocated to one of two transdermally-administered estrogen replacement therapies (ERT): Group A was administered Estradiol (E2) TTS 0.05 mg/day for 6 months and 0.025 mg/day for the following six months and group B, E2 TTS 0.10 mg/day for the first 6 months and 0.05 mg/day for the following 6 months. For both groups, the treatment regimen was based upon the twice-weekly application of transdermal patches to the lower abdomen for three weeks a month. Serum E2, alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (BGP) and urinary hydroxyproline (OHP) excretion levels were measured before the operation, at the beginning of ERT and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the distal regions of the forearms was measured by single photon absorptiometry at the start of the study and after 6 and 12 months. In Group A, both mean cortical and trabecular BMD had increased by, respectively, 1.53% and 2.17% after 6 months of therapy; after the second 6 months a significant decrease was observed in both parameters (2.40% and 3.62%, respectively). In Group B, mean cortical and trabecular BMD increased by 1.50% and 2.10%, respectively (significant increase in trabecular bone) after the first 6 months of treatment; after the following 6 months, these values persisted (+0.15 and -0.03%, respectively). Mean AP, OHP and BGP serum levels rose after the operation. In Group A, AP and OHP showed a significant decrease after the first 6 months (-34.90% and -30.90%), followed by an increase at the last evaluation of 22.50% and 35.50%, that reached statistical significance only for OHP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bone metabolism changes after transdermal estradiol dose reduction during estrogen replacement therapy: a 1-year prospective study. 796 46

The collagen crosslinks, pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr), were recently identified as potential markers of the rate of bone resorption. To determine whether urinary concentrations of Pyr and D-Pyr might provide an early warning of bone metastases in patients being monitored for cancer of the prostate, we compared these two newer parameters with the conventional indicators, that is, the serum concentrations of Bone Gla protein (BGP: osteocalcin) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in patients with prostate cancer with and without bone metastases vs. those of age-matched patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Urinary excretion of these compounds, expressed as a ratio to urinary creatinine (mg/dl), was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 23 patients with prostate cancer (16 with bone metastases and 7 without bone metastases) and in 23 patients with BPH. The mean values of urinary Pyr and D-Pyr; 65.02 +/- 38.16 pmol/mumol of creatinine and 8.87 +/- 7.01 pmol/mumol of creatinine and 8.87 +/- 7.01 pmol/mumol of creatinine, respectively, for patients with bone metastases of prostate cancer were significantly higher than those for patients without bone metastases of prostate cancer (27.43 +/- 10.29 pmol/mumol of creatinine and 4.24 +/- 1.88 pmol/mumol of creatinine) or for patients with BPH (25.58 +/- 7.54 pmol/mumol of creatinine and 3.52 +/- 1.07 pmol/mumol of creatinine). Among these three groups of patients, there were statistically significant (Pyr: P = 0.0001, D-Pyr: P = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Assay of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline as potential markers of the rate of bone resorption: usefulness of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in patients with prostate cancer with bone metastases]. 799 Mar

On the basis of earlier findings of increased serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, we decided to study serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration in other bone diseases. In 28 patients with untreated Paget's bone disease, serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration was normal (1.49 +/- 0.41 mg/liter versus 1.36 +/- 0.21 mg/liter in 42 control subjects, P = ns), a finding that contradicts reports in the literature. We found that serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration was related negatively and significantly (r2 = -0.154, P = 0.0354) with serum total alkaline phosphatase concentration, but not with serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase concentration (p = ns). Urinary elimination of beta 2-microglobulin was lower in the patients with Paget's disease than in the controls (34 +/- 28 versus 120 +/- 21 mg/liter, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that beta 2-microglobulin behaves similarly to osteocalcin (BGP) in Paget's bone disease and that its concentration remains within normal levels perhaps because of the rate of reuptake of beta 2-microglobulin in bone neoformation.
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PMID:beta 2-Microglobulin in Paget's bone disease. 806 56


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