Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ectopic bone formation by subcutaneously implanted demineralized bone matrix powder (DBM) was assessed biochemically and histologically in Fischer 344 rats of different ages. The total calcium accumulated in implants was greatly depressed in older rats, as was the rate of 45Ca deposition. High alkaline phosphatase activity appeared later in the 10- and 16-month-old rats compared with 1-month-old rats, and the magnitude of the alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in 16-month-old rats. The accumulation of the bone-specific vitamin K-dependent bone protein (bone gla protein, BGP) was decreased in the implants in older rats. Histological examination of the implants confirms the decreased ability of aged animals to produce bone in response to DBM. Measurements of total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and BGP at the site of demineralized bone matrix implants clearly demonstrates that bone formation decreases dramatically with increasing age. Significant differences in total calcium can be detected even between 1-month-old and 3-month-old rats. Serum BGP shows a marked decrease (47%) between 1-month- and 3-month-old rats, a decrease not paralleled by a similar decrease in BGP present in calvarial or tibial bone.
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PMID:The effect of aging on bone formation in rats: biochemical and histological evidence for decreased bone formation capacity. 393 85

Biliary glycoprotein I (BGP I), a constituent of normal bile and serum, is a glycoprotein (mol. wt. approximately 90,000) containing about 40% carbohydrate. Serum BGP I (S-BGP I) was determined by means of a double-antibody radioimmunoassay in patients with liver and gastrointestinal disease and in healthy individuals. The serum levels of five liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (S-GT), and lactic dehydrogenase), bilirubin (total and conjugated), and bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid) were determined in parallel. Healthy individuals had 0.5 +/- 0.3 mg/l of S-BGP I (mean +/- 2 S.D.; range, 0.2-0.9 mg/l). Most patients with liver disease (chronic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis) had elevated levels, up to 5-10 times the upper reference limit, whereas most patients with gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, other GI diseases) had normal values. In patients with liver disease S-BGP I was positively correlated (p less than 0.0005) to S-GT. In primary biliary cirrhosis a positive correlation (p less than 0.005) between S-BGP I and S-ALP was also obtained. All other comparisons between S-BGP I and the other liver function tests showed non-significant correlations. It is concluded that S-BGP I is a determinant of cholestasis of similar use as S-GT.
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PMID:Serum level of biliary glycoprotein I, a determinant of cholestasis, of similar use as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. 611 67

Mean (+/- SD) serum bone Gla-protein (BGP or osteocalcin) was normal (7.0 +/- 3.3 ng/ml) in 26 patients with untreated postmenopausal osteoporosis ( PMO ). But 9 patients had values either above (4) or below (5) the normal values obtained in 35 age-matched control women (6.9 +/- 1.25 ng/ml). Serum BGP correlated positively with relative osteoid volume, relative osteoid surfaces, tetracycline labelled surfaces, and bone formation rate but not with resorption surfaces. Based on normal values for osteoid volume, patients were classified as having high (HF, 9 patients), normal (NF, 12 patients) and low osteoid formation (LF, 5 patients). Serum BGP (+/- SEM) was significantly lower in LF group (2.7 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) and significantly higher in HF group (9.7 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) than in the NF group (7.0 +/- 0.6 ng/ml). Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline did not discriminate between these three groups and did not correlate significantly with any of the measured histomorphometric indices in biopsy specimens in these patients. Serum BGP appears to be a specific marker for bone formation and can predict the histological profile in PMO . Serum BGP might be useful in investigating patients with PMO and should be valuable in assessing the effects of treatments that increase bone formation.
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PMID:Serum bone Gla-protein: a specific marker for bone formation in postmenopausal osteoporosis. 614 27

Four clonal cell lines derived from a rat osteosarcoma were tested for the ability to secrete the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein of bone (BGP) using a specific radioimmunoassay for this protein. Two cell lines secreted BGP into culture media while the other two did not. Other investigators have shown that these two cell lines are also the only ones with the high parathyroid hormone responsiveness and alkaline phosphatase activity expected for osteoblast cells in culture. Both cell lines also form a mineralized sarcoma when implanted in rats. The BGP in culture media is identical in molecular weight and in electrophoretic mobility with the 5800-dalton BGP purified from rat bone. Thus, BGP is probably secreted by osteosarcoma cells directly and not derived from an extracellular precursor by proteolytic cleavage. There are two immunoreactive components within osteosarcoma cells which secrete BGP. One component is identical in molecular weight and electrophoretic mobility with BGP from rat bone. The other component has a higher molecular mass (approximately 9000 daltons) and about half the electrophoretic mobility of BGP from bone. The presence of both components within these cells raises the possibility that the larger component may be an intracellular precursor which is processed to BGP prior to secretion.
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PMID:Secretion of the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone by rat osteosarcoma cells. Evidence for an intracellular precursor. 696 67

gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein of bone (BGP) is an abundant noncollagenous protein of mammalian bone. BGP has a molecular weight of 5,800 and contains three residues of the vitamin K-dependent amino acid, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. We have applied a radioimmunoassay based on calf BGP for the measurement of the protein in the plasma of 109 normal humans and 112 patients with various bone diseases. BGP in human plasma was demonstrated to be indistinguishable from calf BGP by assay dilution studies and gel permeation chromatography. The mean (+/- SE) concentration of BGP in normal subjects was 6.78 (+/- 0.20) ng/ml, 7.89 (+/- 0.32) for males and 4.85 (+/- 0.35) for females. Plasma BGP was increased in patients with Paget's disease of bone, bone metastases, primary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and osteopenia. Plasma BGP did correlate with plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) in some instances, but there were dissociations between the two. It was additionally observed that patients with liver disease had normal plasma BGP despite increased plasma AP, a reflection of the lack of specificity of AP measurements for bone disease. Our studies indicate that the radioimmunoassay of plasma BGP can be a useful and specific procedure for evaluating the patient with bone disease.
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PMID:New biochemical marker for bone metabolism. Measurement by radioimmunoassay of bone GLA protein in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with bone disease. 696 55

Impairment of calcium metabolism and low bone density have been found in hypothyroid adults. We investigated the effect of thyroid replacement therapy on calcium metabolism and bone mineralization in congenital hypothyroid (CH) infants and children. One hundred and 16 Caucasian CH consecutive patients were studied and were grouped according to their age: 23 patients at diagnosis, 20 at 3 mo, 24 at 6 mo, 25 at 12 mo and 24 at 36 mo. Thyroid replacement therapy was started at an initial dose of 6-8 micrograms/kg/day of L-thyroxine, and then decreased progressively. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin (BGP) were measured as calcium metabolism indices. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured at the mid-portion of the right radius AP, PTH and BGP concentrations were significantly higher in subjects at 3 mo of age (p < 0.05). This rise coincided with the end of the period of maximum dosage of L-thyroxine. Mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia was observed in 20 patients. All the other indices did not differ between age groups. BMC values and BMC annual increment were not different from those calculated for age-matched controls. We found that L-thyroxine replacement therapy does not alter bone mineralization of CH infants and children. Only a transitory increase of osteoblastic function was observed after the first few months of therapy.
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PMID:Bone mineral metabolism and thyroid replacement therapy in congenital hypothyroid infants and young children. 756 Aug 9

Bone loss is a potentially debilitating condition in women with eating disorders. Complications may include failure to achieve peak bone mass, increased risk of premature fractures, and inability to reach the height potential. We therefore conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 58 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia (BUL) and anorexia/bulimia (AB), comparing bone mineral density (BMD) to physical parameters, biochemical indices, and markers for bone formation and resorption. BMDs were significantly lower in patients with AN than in those with AB and BUL, and overt osteopenia was uncommon in AB and BUL. Hypercortisolism was the best laboratory marker to assess the risk of osteopenia in patients with AN. However, there were no associated changes in bone formation or resorption parameters. No direct correlation was found between BMD and body mass index, estrogen deficiency, tubular reabsorption of phosphorus, serum vitamin D, PTH, BGP, or alkaline phosphatase levels. Although the prognosis for complete recovery to normal BMD is poor, treatment of the underlying depressive disorder, improvement in nutrition with increased weight, and spontaneous resumption of menses are associated with restoring bone health.
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PMID:Bone metabolism and osteopenia in eating disorders. 756 66

In order to investigate collagen metabolism in two different types of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO), eight patients with type I (aged 23-61 years, mean 40.4 years) and nine patients with type II ADO (aged 20-49 years, mean 32.8 years) were compared with ten normal controls (aged 22-54 years, mean 35.4 years). The subjects were treated with 100 micrograms of triiodothyronine (T3) daily for 7 days and followed for a total of 4 weeks. Serum T3 increased in all subjects and a corresponding suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was observed. Serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (S-PICP) in the control and type I groups showed no difference at baseline, whereas type II was lower than controls (p < 0.01). No significant alterations following stimulation were observed in any of the groups. Serum BGP (osteocalcin) values in the two patient groups were insignificantly lower than controls both at baseline and throughout the study. Following stimulation, a significant response was seen in the three groups (p < 0.001). The increases during the treatment period (delta values) for controls, type I and type II were 47.6% (p < 0.01), 51.7% (p = 0.05) and 34.8% (NS), respectively, with no difference between the groups. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) was not different between the groups and no alterations were observed in relation to treatment. The serum N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (S-PIIINP) showed no difference at baseline between type I and controls but was significantly higher (p < 0.003) in type II than in the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Collagen metabolism in two types of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis during stimulation with thyroid hormones. 758 85

The determination of bone alkaline phosphatase (bAP) by IRMA and the measure of intact osteocalcin (BGP) and/or different fragments by IRMA and/or RIA are new commercially available methods for the evaluation of osteoblast activity. The aim of this work was to study the possible correlation among serum bAP and levels of BGP measured by two different methods: an IRMA which only detects intact-BGP and a RIA which detects intact-BGP and carboxyterminal fragments (C-terminal BGP) in healthy post-menopausal control women and in a group of patients with post-menopausal osteoporosis. Serum samples from 42 consecutive osteoporotic postmenopausal women, aged 62 +/- 11 years, between 39-76, and 14 control women age matched, were drawn after an overnight fasting. Levels of total alkaline phosphatase (AP), bAP, intact BGP, and intact BGP and carboxy terminal fragments were measured. In both groups we found a significant linear correlation between the levels of AP and bAP (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) and intact-BGP and C-terminal BGP (r = 0.97, p < 0.001), but surprisingly we did not find a significant linear correlation between AP or bAP levels and BGP measured in any of the two methods. These results suggest that AP release from osteoblast vesicles and BGP synthesis in these cells are not necessarily simultaneous, reflecting different stages of osteoblast activity.
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PMID:Lack of correlation between levels of osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase in healthy control and postmenopausal osteoporotic women. 760 6

In this study we investigated the direct, short-term effects of human growth hormone (hGH) on the biology of normal adult human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells cultured from trabecular bone explants. In Subconfluent cultures, hGH stimulated hOB proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion (P < 0.001, n = 15) with half-maximal effects at a concentration of 10 ng/ml. These mitogenic effects were detectable within 24 hours as shown by bromodeoxyuridine labeling. In confluent cultures containing mainly quiescent cells, hGH increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05, n = 10) and to a lesser degree levels of procollagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP) (P = 0.07, n = 9). Effects on osteocalcin (bone GLa protein, BGP) levels were highly variable among different cell strains and only 7 of 10 cell strains showed a stimulatory response (P = 0.16). We also studied the effects of hGH on osteoblastic production of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II as well as the production of GH-dependent, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Under basal conditions, human osteoblasts produced IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in the conditioned medium. When stimulated with hGH, minor insignificant increase in both IGF-II and IGFBP-3 (125% and 126% of control, respectively) were detectable. No IGF-I was detectable in the conditioned medium under basal conditions or after stimulation with hGH. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study suggest that GH exerts direct anabolic effects on human osteoblasts.
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PMID:Growth hormone stimulates proliferation and differentiation of normal human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. 768 48


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