Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1-(5-Phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)2'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate cyclic anhydride [2'-phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose, cAdo(2')P(5')PP-Rib] was prepared enzymatically from NADP+ using ADP-ribosyl-cyclase from Aplysia californica. The product was purified by HPLC and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy, by conversion to 1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate cyclic anhydride (cADP-Rib) by alkaline phosphatase and by resistance to snake venom phosphodiesterase. cAdo-(2')P(5')PP-Rib dose-dependently released Ca2+ from an intracellular, non-endoplasmic reticular Ca2+ pool of permeabilized Jurkat and HPB. ALL T-lymphocytes. In contrast, the closely related compounds 1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)3'phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate cyclic anhydride and 1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)cyclic 2',3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate cyclic anhydride did not induce Ca2+-release from permeabilized T cells. The Ca2+ pool sensitive to cAdo(2')P(5')PP-Rib partially overlapped with the Ca2+ pool sensitive to cADP-Rib recently described in T cells [Guse, A. H., da Silva, C. P., Emmrich, F., Ashamu, G. A., Potter, B. V. L. & Mayr, G. W. (1995) Characterization of cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose-induced Ca2+-release in T-lymphocyte cell lines, J. Immunol. 155, 3353-3359]. Control experiments suggest that the results were neither due to Ca2+ contaminations in the cADP-Rib preparation nor to catabolism of cAdo(2')P(5')PP-Rib to cADP-Rib.
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PMID:1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)2'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate cyclic anhydride induced Ca2+ release in human T-cell lines. 915 72

Detection of unusual or aberrant cell immunophenotype with flow cytometry is the basis for the immunologic recognition of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with acute leukemia (AL). In this study, we have shown that the double immunocytochemical alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) staining technique also makes possible the detection of leukemic cells with unusual (leukemic) combinations of antigens (ULCA) both at diagnosis and during follow-up of patients with ULCA+ AL. The applicability of double APAAP was analyzed on bone marrow (BM) samples obtained from 12 patients (8 with AML, 3 with ALL, and 1 with undifferentiated acute leukemia [AUL]) randomly chosen from a larger group of 22 ULCA+ patients treated at our center in a 3-year period (22% observed ULCA+ AL frequency). The percentages of ULCA+ BM cells before chemotherapy were in the range of 5%-60%, which dropped to 0%-7% in 10 patients who achieved remission (range 0%-7%, p < 0.01). However, these cells could also be found 60 days after the initiation of therapy, ranging from 0%-2% of all nucleated cells. In 2 of 10 patients who achieved remission, 2% ULCA+ BM cells were found on days 35 and 60 after initiation of chemotherapy, and this finding was followed by relapse on days 110 and 270. However, the other 8 patients remained in remission despite positive finding of ULCA+ BM cells ranging from 0.2%-2% on at least one occasion. In 2 patients with AML FAB-M3 and cytomorphologic remission, the finding of ULCA+ cells by double APAAP correlated with the molecular finding of PML/RARalpha junction. These results indicate that double APAAP staining can identify leukemic cells in samples with a cytomorphologic pattern consistent with remission, but its applicability in detection of MRD awaits additional studies on a larger number of patients with ULCA+ AL.
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PMID:Double immunoenzymatic APAAP staining for the detection of leukemia-associated immunophenotypes. 1064 71

Children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia may develop reduced bone mineral density during treatment, but there is little information on the mechanisms involved. In a prospective, longitudinal study on 15 children with ALL, we undertook serial measurements of markers of bone and collagen turnover, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its binding proteins (IGFBPs)-3 and -2 during the second year of continuing chemotherapy. In eight patients we also measured lower leg length by knemometry. Height SD scores, lower leg length velocity, IGF-I, and markers of bone collagen turnover did not differ significantly from healthy children. However, bone alkaline phosphatase, a marker of the differentiated osteoblast, was lower (mean SD score, -0.64; p < 0.0001), whereas procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (P3NP, a marker of soft tissue collagen turnover; mean SD score, +0.93, p < 0.05), IGFBP-3 (mean SD score, +0.76; p < 0.01), and IGFBP-2 (mean SD score, +1.24, p = 0.01) were all higher than in healthy children. IGFBP-3 decreased during episodes of afebrile neutropenia (p < 0.05). Within 3 mo after completion of treatment, bone ALP increased in all eight patients, but collagen markers showed little change. IGFBP-2 returned to normal posttreatment, but P3NP and IGFBP-3 remained significantly elevated compared with healthy children (mean SD scores, +1.51 and +1.36, respectively; p < 0.01). We conclude that continuing chemotherapy was associated with normal growth and bone collagen turnover but enhanced soft tissue collagen turnover. Bone bone alkaline phosphatase was low throughout treatment, which suggests impaired osteoblast differentiation resulting from a direct effect of chemotherapy on bone. Although the effect was reversible, the long-term implications for bone health in survivors remain uncertain.
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PMID:Bone turnover and growth during and after continuing chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1100 40

The PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma) gene has been shown to be expressed in high levels in some solid tumors and hemopoietic neoplasias but not or only weakly expressed in normal tissues. It encodes an antigen recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. PRAME is a good candidate for tumor immunotherapy and is a useful marker gene for detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). In this study, PRAME mRNA using real-time RT-PCR was studied in 74 adult cases with acute leukemia-68 had de-novo acute leukemia, 3 had chronic myeloid leukemia-blastic crisis (CML-BC), and 3 had myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndrome-blastic transformation (MDS/MPD-BT)-and the results were compared with 30 age-matched healthy volunteers. Nineteen of 74 cases with leukemia expressed PRAME, while only 2 controls showed weak expression. The prevalence of PRAME expression in AML and ALL cases was 30% and 17%, respectively. We did not find any important correlation between PRAME expression and clinical characteristics, such as age, sex, organomegaly/lymphadenopathy, Hb, WBC count, platelet count, LDH level, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, cell-surface antigens, response to therapy, or progression-free and overall survival. PRAME was monitored in 15 cases during remission and/or relapse. There was a good correlation between PRAME mRNA and hematological remission and/or relapse. Interestingly, PRAME was very high in one case with AML but was not found 3 months after allogeneic transplantation. PRAME mRNA is observed in about one-third of AML cases; it may be a useful marker to detect MRD, and it may also be a good predictor for the timing of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in the post-transplant period in cases of molecular relapse.
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PMID:PRAME mRNA levels in cases with acute leukemia: clinical importance and future prospects. 1604 53

Twenty-five children (19 M:6 F) with newly diagnosed ALL with median age of 5.5 years (1 month-12 years) were enrolled in the study. Apoptosis regulator proteins bcl-2 and bax were measured in all patients using alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. Twenty-one patients were positive for bcl-2 and 23 cases for Bax, although expression levels varied. Patients who presented with splenomegaly or hepatomegaly < 5 cm expressed significantly higher levels of bcl-2 and bax protein expression. Neither of age ( < or >10 years), sex, generalized lymphadenopathy, WBC ( < or >50,000/mul) or FAB subtype was associated with high levels of bcl-2 or bax protein expression. Patients with higher mean hemoglobin levels (p = 0.009), high blast % in bone marrow (p = 0.02), immature immunophenotype (p = 0.001) exhibited signifxicantly higher bcl-2 levels. Bcl-2/bax ratio correlated inversely with TLC at presentation (p = 0.022; r = - 0.456) and in B-lineage leukemic cells as compared to T-lineage cells (p = 0.002). Bcl-2/bax ratio did not correlate with any other variable measured. Bcl-2 and bax protein co-express in ALL and high bcl-2/bax ratio correlates with good prognosis features.
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PMID:Expression of apoptosis regulators Bcl-2 and Bax in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1736 91

A 12-year-old boy admitted to a local hospital with fever, migratory arthralgia, and periosteal reaction on X Ray. He was transferred to our hospital because magnetic resonance imaging scan of his whole body showed multiple abnormal signals in bones. Laboratory findings on admission showed the increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin G, hemolytic complement activity and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Peripheral blood and bone marrow examination did not show any abnormality. The clinical appearance of his condition suggested the diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). He was treated with steroid, however his fever and bone pain continued. A bone and bone marrow biopsy was performed and the results of histopathology showed precursor-B acute leukemia/lymphoma. His bone pain relapsed after the chemotherapy for ALL. Finally, blast cells resembling L3 morphology were detected in the peripheral blood. The reevaluated bone marrow was predominantly replaced with Burkitt like lymphoblasts. He was diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma by further specific examination.
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PMID:[A case of Burkitt lymphoma with multifocal bone invasion]. 2378 92


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