Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levels of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in patients with hepatic diseases, liver tumours and in normal control groups were analysed. Attention was focused on the ALP 1 isoenzyme and its validity in the diagnosis of hepatic metastases was confirmed.
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PMID:[Behavior of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in liver diseases]. 233 64

We separated isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) in 1383 sera of normal individuals (ages 4-65 years) by agarose electrophoresis with the Isopal system (Analis). As expected, the predominant isoenzyme in children was of bone origin, and almost all (99%) of the children had low activities of a second bone fraction, "bone variant" ALP. The "bone variant" disappeared after age 17 in girls and after age 20 in boys. The highest (median) bone ALP activity was reached at age 9 to 10 in girls and at age 13 to 14 in boys, followed by a gradual decline in girls and a steep decline in boys. During adulthood, activity of the bone fraction was constant and no significant differences were observed between sexes, neither for bone nor for liver ALP activity. The latter remained almost unchanged throughout life. We observed no high-Mr ALP activity in children, whereas sera from 60% of the adults contained low activities of high-Mr ALP. Intestinal ALP (soluble form) and "intestinal variant" ALP (hydrophobic form) were frequently present, in 21% and 37% of all samples, respectively. No significant differences were observed between age groups and sexes for the intestinal isoenzymes.
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PMID:Age and sex distribution of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by agarose electrophoresis. 235 25

The gene coding for the mouse alkaline phosphatase expressed in liver, bone, kidney and placenta (liver/bone/kidney-type alkaline phosphatase, L/B/K-ALP) was isolated and characterized. This gene consists of 12 exons and it is at least 49 kb long. The first two exons are separated by a long intron which is at least 32 kb in size, whereas the other exons span within the remaining 17 kb. Primer extension and S1-nuclease mapping analyses with placental mRNA demonstrate a single major transcription start site, which is preceded by a G + C-rich region containing a TATA-like sequence and three copies of the consensus binding site for the transcription factor Sp1. Transfection experiments using two different reporter genes show that the 5'-flanking region of the gene is active as a promoter in undifferentiated F9 teratocarcinoma cells, but not in 3T3 fibroblasts, consistent with the L/B/K-ALP mRNA level in the two cell lines. As expected from the sequence similarity at the cDNA level, the structural organization of the mouse gene is similar to that of the human and rat L/B/K-ALP genes, suggesting that they all derive from a single ancestral gene.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of the mouse liver/bone/kidney-type alkaline phosphatase gene. 236 2

In the midgut tissue of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, alkaline phosphatase isozymes, membrane-bound (m-ALP) and soluble (s-ALP) forms are controlled by non-allelic genes on the same chromosome. We purified and characterized both ALPs to elucidate their possible functions and to compare with mammalian ALPs. Both forms were found to be similar Mr = 68,000 in gel permeation chromatography and as a single subunit as a monomer in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Mr = 58,000 for m-ALP and Mr = 61,000 for s-ALP. The pH optima of ALPs were 10.9 (m-ALP) and 9.8 (s-ALP), and the former was extremely stable even in pH 10-12 which accords with the physiological milieu in Bombyx midgut lumen. Both ALPs had similar substrate specificities. L-cysteine inhibited strongly both ALPs, but inhibitory effects of L-phenylalanine, L-homoarginine, and L-leucine were undetectable for s-ALP and very weak for m-ALP. The antibody raised against purified m-ALP recognized m-ALP but not purified s-ALP and vice versa. Rocket-immunoassay showed that m-ALP was distributed in similar levels along the length of midgut except for the most anterior portion. Seventy percent of s-ALP activity existed in the last one-third of midgut. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the m-ALP was localized at the brush border of columnar cells in the middle and posterior midgut epithelia. In contrast, the s-ALP was localized at the apical surface of goblet cells through the length of midgut. We detected ATPase activity in the purified s-ALP preparation; Mg2+ was essential for the ATPase activity and the activity also increased with KHCO3 but not with KCl. The solubilization test of m- ALP with various agents was attempted and the relationship between m-ALP and the digestive fluid-ALP was discussed.
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PMID:Genetically defined membrane-bound and soluble alkaline phosphatases of the silkworm: their discrete localization and properties. 239 71

Placental alkaline phosphatase (P-ALP) was measured by a specific monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay in plasma samples of 117 women who subsequently were delivered of an infant of birthweight less than 2.5 kg. P-ALP values greater than twice the normal median were found in 32% of maternal plasma samples from low birthweight cases in one series and in 35% in another series, while in normal outcome controls the corresponding value was 8%. The differences were highly significant. The proportion of low birthweight cases with elevated maternal P-ALP values appears to be very similar between 15 and 34 weeks gestation. At 16-18 weeks gestation there is a significant positive correlation (r = 0.40) between P-ALP and maternal plasma alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values in low birthweight cases. The use of P-ALP assay in combination with AFP assay appears to improve the detection of pregnancies with subsequent low birthweight outcome.
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PMID:Measurement of placental alkaline phosphatase in maternal plasma as an indicator of subsequent low birthweight outcome. 244 40

The authors measured alkaline phosphatase isozyme I (ALP-I) in sera of 24 brain-damaged patients and four with disorders other than brain damage. The study population comprised three patients with postresuscitation encephalopathy, four with ruptured cerebral aneurysms, 14 with acute subdural hematoma and cerebral contusion, and three with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. ALP-I detected in brain damage is physicochemically different from the other known ALP-Is that appear in patients with obstructive jaundice or hepatoma. In the brain-damaged patients, ALP-I became elevated about 7 days after admission and markedly increased as secondary brain damage developed. Excluding patients who died within 9 days of admission, the maximum serum ALP-I concentration was well correlated with the functional outcome. In cases in which barbiturate therapy was effective, the appearance of ALP-I was delayed and its elevation was suppressed. The results of this study suggest that measurement of serum ALP-I is useful not only in the management but also in predicting the prognosis of brain damage.
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PMID:Measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase isozyme I in brain-damaged patients. 248 67

Although a number of reports on the formation of periapical lesions have been down, little study on the healing stage of this one is seen. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes of the fine structure of the healing stage of the artificial periapical lesions after root canal filling and to make an experimental model for the further screening test of various kinds of medicaments and materials for root canal treatment and root canal filling. In this study, the first mandibular molars of male Wistar strain rats were used. Periapical lesions were induced by 0.5% carrageenin and after three weeks, the root canals of the first molars were filled with gutta-percha points and sealers. Then, the healing stage of the periapical lesion was observed light microscopically, electron-microscopically and enzyme (alkaline phosphatase, ALP, and acid phosphatase, ACP)-histochemically. The results were as follows after the root canal filling with carrageenins: 1. At 1 to 7 days, a great number of neutrophils and histiocytes were observed and expansion of periapical lesions caused by the irritation followed by root canal filling was observed. 2. At 2 to 3 weeks, a great number of leukocytes, histiocytes and fibroblasts were observed in the vicinity of the root apex. 3. At 4 to 5 weeks, a great number of histiocytes and mast cells were observed and granulated tissues of the periapical lesions had a tendency to become fibrosis and new calcified cement increased at the root apex. 4. At 7 to 10 weeks, the fibroblast granulation tissue around the periapical lesions synthesized active collagen fibers and the deposition of new alveolar bone was seen within the resorbed alveolar bone. 5. At 15 to 20 weeks, the periapical lesions could be thought to be healing histopathologically although some of inflammatory cells were seen 20 weeks after treatment. 6. At 10 weeks, strong positive responses of ALP were recognized. At 20 weeks, the general appearance of both the ALP and ACP staining showed almost the same response as that of normal periodontium. 7. As for the prognosis, "over filling" showed better healing than that of "under filling". 8. In the case which the root apex was fractured, inflammation lasted for a long period.
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PMID:[Electron microscopic study on the tissue reaction after root canal filling following artificial periapical lesions--about periapical lesions induced by carrageenin]. 248 8

The effect of matrix components extracted Bovine periodontal ligament (PDL) on cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF) were examined in order to understand the cell-tissue interaction of periodontal ligament. Bovine PDL tissue was sequentially extracted with 0.05 M Tris HCl buffer, pH 7.4, containing 1M NaCl or 4M GdmCl. After seeding 24 hours, the cultured HPLF were exposed to the extracts for two through eight days. Nine days after seeding, HPLF indicated four times high activity on ALP and 1.6 times the amount of total protein than those of control (without extract), while DNA synthesis increased only 1.2 times. On the contrary, the NaCl extract depressed the ALP activity of HPLF. The GdmCl extract enhanced both the total protein and ALP activity in dose-dependently. The ALP increasing activity of GdmCl extract on HPLF is stable to heat (78 degrees C, 20 min) and collagenase treatment but partially inactivated by trypsin digestion. Since the GdmCl extract also induced colony formation of NRK-49F cell in soft agarose, it was suggested that the extract contain EGF and TGF-beta like factor. Molecular size of this factor was estimated as 20-50Kd using Sepharose CL-6B gel chromatography. Furthermore, this factor from Sepharose CL-6B were separated into two forms by ion exchange CM-Sepharose column chromatography. Purified preparation from reversed phase column chromatography contained 14Kd, 15Kd, 17Kd, 20Kd, 28Kd40Kd, and 46Kd components on SDS-PAGE. This factor may accumulate in extracellular matrix, and may play a role of cell-tissue interaction and homeostasis in periodontal ligament.
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PMID:[Biochemical study on the TGF-beta like growth factor derived from bovine periodontal ligament]. 248 40

Multiple myeloma associated primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is very rare and only two cases have been reported. In this paper, we reported the first case of male patient with asymptomatic PBC and multiple myeloma. A 66 year-old Japanese male was referred to our hospital for the further examination of a monoclonal gammopathy. He was diagnosed of multiple myeloma (IgG-lambda type) because of 2.3 g/day of Bence Jones proteinuria (lambda type), 3,401 mg/dl of monoclonal IgG (lambda type), 12.8% of bone marrow plasmocytosis and generalized osteoporosis. The alkaline phosphatase was 314 mU/ml and serum IgM level (polyclonal) 937 mg/dl. The patient was started on intermittent courses of melphalan and prednisolone, achieving transient improvement. After two years, hepatosplenomegaly developed gradually and the levels of serum ALP elevated increasingly. At that time, relevant investigation results were: serum ALP 663 mU/ml, serum IgG 4,144 mg/dl, serum IgM 823 mg/dl, positive anti-mitochondrial antibody test x 320. The liver biopsy showed chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis. PBC (stage 1-2 according to Sheuer's criteria) associated with multiple myeloma was diagnosed. A pathogenetic relationship such as loss of immunoregulatory function could be speculated although the simultaneous occurrence of PBC and multiple myeloma could be coincidental.
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PMID:[Multiple myeloma of IgG-lambda type associated with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis]. 251 98

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1), acid phosphatase (ACP, EC 3.1.3.2), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT, EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, EC 2.6.1.2) were measured in the mucosal homogenates of the duodenum, jejunum and caecum of full-fed (control), starved and refed White Rock Cockerels. Starvation caused a significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) increase in the activity of ACP in all three segments of the intestine. Subsequent re-feeding brought the activity back to the control level. In contrast ALP activity fell in the duodenum during starvation and was partially restored by refeeding. In the jejunum and caecum the ALP activity decreased during starvation and was fully restored by re-feeding only in the caecum. ASAT activity increased (p less than or equal to 0.05) during the entire period of starvation in all three segments. Re-feeding failed to decrease the enzyme activity within 48 hours. Starvation caused a reduction (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the activity of ALAT and re-feeding did not increase the activity in the duodenum and jejunum. The caecum showed no change in the activity during fasting.
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PMID:The activities of phosphatases and aminotransferases in the epithelium of the small intestine and caecum of white rock cockerels during starvation. 255 Nov 9


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