Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Placental alkaline phosphatase (placental ALP, PLAP) and germ-cell ALP (GCAP, also known as placental-like ALP), expressed in gonadal cancer tissues, are potential tumor markers. Four monoclonal antibodies, raised against PLAP and recognizing different epitopes, were selected to study the influence of the following variables on the accuracy of PLAP and GCAP measurement: phenotype, molecular form, and glycation pattern of PLAP and GCAP; incubation temperature; and interferences by serum during immunobinding. Nine GCAP phenotypes were identified, interacting with each antibody at a lower affinity than was seen for the more common PLAP phenotypes. Antibody affinity is higher for the free hydrophilic dimeric forms of PLAP and GCAP, and is not influenced by the degree of glycation. In serum or tissue extracts, measurement of PLAP or GCAP is most nearly accurate when immunoincubations are performed at 37 degrees C, with use of antibodies 327 and 7E8, respectively. In addition, correct measurements are achieved only when, during immunobinding, serum is incubated with an equal volume of deoxycholate (9 g/L final concentration).
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay of human placental and germ-cell alkaline phosphatase in serum. 169 76

We investigated by enzyme electrophoresis after prolonged neuraminidase treatment the activity of "intestinal variant" (alpha 2-globulin mobility) alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1; ALP) in the plasma of 189 patients selected for disorders (diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and chronic renal failure) with a known high frequency of increased plasma intestinal (beta-globulin mobility) ALP activity. The overall frequency of the variant ALP was 23.8%, whereas in the samples showing intestinal ALP it was 45.0%. The variant ALP was not observed in the absence of intestinal ALP, nor in patients of blood group A. Its frequency did not differ significantly between the different patient groups. Quantification of the variant ALP by densitometry was unsatisfactory but the quantity could be estimated by subtracting the intestinal ALP activity measured by electrophoresis from the activity determined by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody that reacts with both the intestinal and the variant forms. This indicated median activity of 12 U/L for the variant, approximately equal to that of the concomitant intestinal ALP. From the effects of papain and bromelain treatments, we suggest that "intestinal variant" represents intestinal ALP with attached membrane-binding domain.
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PMID:Intestinal variant alkaline phosphatase in plasma in disease. 170 Jul 41

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of five biological markers--prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), tartrate resistant (Tr-ACP), and tartrate labile (TI-ACP) acid phosphatases, and alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme (B-ALP)--for the detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate carcinoma. Using the Tc-99m HMDP bone scans of 80 patients scored from 0 (normal) to 2 (diffuse bone involvement) as the "gold standard," a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. This method allows the determination of different threshold values (corresponding to different couples of sensitivity and specificity) for the assays. An ROC curve comparison was also performed. Results show that B-ALP is the best test for such detection (area under the ROC curve = 0.93; Spearman Rank correlation with bone scan r' = 0.81). Among the other markers, PSA was found to be the best (area under the ROC curve = 0.81; Spearman Rank correlation with bone scan r' = 0.58). In addition to the prostatic tumor markers (PSA and PAP), we suggest the use of the low-cost B-ALP assay in the follow-up of prostate carcinoma patients to determine the optimum moment to perform a bone scan. A normal result of this assay indicates a very low probability of bone metastasis; conversely, raising of B-ALP concentration must lead to a bone scan.
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PMID:Comparison of phosphatase isoenzymes PAP and PSA with bone scan in patients with prostate carcinoma. 171 51

Prostate cancer is now the third commonest cancer in men. Extensive clinical trials comparing acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) have shown that PSA is the most sensitive and specific of the tumour markers available for prostate cancer. Caution is needed when comparing the results from different assay methods, there is no international standard for PSA. In the management of localised disease, radical treatment can reduce the PSA levels to less than 0.4 ng/ml, similar results can be obtained for a varying duration in patients sensitive to androgen withdrawal. Raised levels greater than 0.4 ng/ml after radical prostatectomy are indicative of residual disease. PSA is valuable in monitoring deferred treatment or the effects of hormone manipulation and give an indication of the prognosis and early warning of recurrence. In extensive metastatic disease the combination of PSA and ALP reflects the tumour activity. Less than 15 hot spots on the scintigram at presentation and a PSA less than 10 ng/ml 3 to 6 months after commencing treatment is associated with prolonged survival. The role of PSA in population screening for early prostatic cancer is uncertain; early results suggest it can be used in combination with digital rectal examination and ultrasonic examination of the prostate. The effect of a PSA decision level at 4 or 10 ng/ml has a considerable influence on the pick up rate.
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PMID:Tumour markers in prostatic cancer. 171 10

Bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) are markers of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. We have already shown that the serum activity of these isoenzymes was elevated in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis (BM); we show here that the serum activity of b-ALP and tr-ACP were also elevated in prostate cancer patients with BM. Specificity and sensitivity of b-ALP for BM were 0.90 and 0.75, respectively; and for tr-ACP, 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. The accuracy of b-ALP as a BM marker was higher than the accuracy of usual markers of prostatic carcinoma (tartrate labile ACP [tl-ACP], prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] and prostate specific antigen [PSA]). The highest value predictive of a positive bone scan was obtained with b-ALP (0.88); this increased to 0.97 when b-ALP was coupled with PAP.
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PMID:Phosphatase isoenzymes as bone metastasis markers in prostatic carcinoma. 176 Aug 84

Immuno-localization of BUdr was used to identify DNA synthesis in vitro in chicken embryonic bone cells stained positively or negatively for alkaline phosphatase activity. The results were similar to, but more sensitive than, our standard bioassay which assesses 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA by liquid scintillation counting, and more rapid than autoradiographic localization of 3H-thymidine. SGF/IGF-II and bFGF stimulated cellular proliferation equally in ALP(+) and ALP(-) cells. In contrast, IGF-I and TGF-beta stimulate proliferation more in the ALP(-) than ALP(+) cells. The greatest increase in DNA replication of ALP(-) cells occurred following incubation with SGF/IGF-II or TGF-beta, and in the ALP(+) cells with SGF/IGF-II or bFGF. TGF-beta stimulated cellular proliferation at the lowest dose (1 ng/ml). The differential effect of the growth factors on each population of cells indicates that all these bone-matrix derived growth factors may play different roles in the local regulation of skeletal metabolism.
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PMID:Growth factor-induced proliferation of osteoblasts measured by bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry. 176 62

Fractionation of bone and liver alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1; ALP) in serum by serial lectin affinity chromatography has demonstrated differences in the sugar chain structure of bone and liver ALP in serum from that previously reported in the corresponding tissues, with a lower content of high mannose or hybrid-type sugar chains and a higher content of biantennary complex-type chains. Furthermore, the bone and liver ALPs were found to differ in the latter with the bone fraction showing a greater content of fucose residues.
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PMID:Sugar chain heterogeneity of bone and liver alkaline phosphatase in serum. 180 67

Two families with benign hyperphosphatasemia of intestinal origin were studied and compared with six other cases reported in the literature. No evidence of clinical abnormalities or explanations for the unusual enzyme concentrations were found. Agarose gel electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzymes in serum demonstrated markedly increased intestinal isoforms (the "soluble" and the "hydrophobic" forms), which accounted for approximately 60% of total ALP activity. The description of these families demonstrated patterns suggesting autosomal-dominant inheritance, even if the precise genetic background of the abnormality affecting the enzyme production or the control mechanisms for its entry into the circulation could not be determined. Exact recognition of this benign biochemical abnormality should help to avoid unnecessary investigation.
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PMID:Benign inherited hyperphosphatasemia of intestinal origin: report of two cases and a brief review of the literature. 186 10

A highly sensitive flavin adenine dinucleotide-3'-phosphate (FADP)-based enzyme amplification cascade has been developed for determining alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1). The cascade detects ALP via the dephosphorylation of the novel substrate FADP to produce the cofactor FAD, which binds stoichiometrically to inactive apo D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO). The resulting active holo D-AAO oxidizes D-proline to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is quantified by the horseradish peroxidase-mediated conversion of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and 4-aminoantipyrine to a colored product. The FADP-based enzyme amplification cascade has been used in a novel releasable linker immunoassay (RELIA) to quantify thyrotropin (TSH). In the assay, TSH is first captured onto antibody-coated chromium dioxide particles. After formation of an antibody-TSH sandwich with a dethiobiotinylated second antibody, the complex is reacted with a streptavidin-ALP conjugate. Biotin is then used to release the conjugate into solution, and ALP is quantified in an automated version of the FADP-based amplification cascade on the aca discrete clinical analyzer (Du Pont). The sensitivity of the colorimetric RELIA assay for TSH (less than 0.1 milli-int. unit/L) is comparable with that of fluorometric assays. This technology provides a way to adapt to the aca high-sensitivity immunoassays for a wide range of analytes via colorimetric detection.
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PMID:Sensitive, colorimetric enzyme amplification cascade for determination of alkaline phosphatase and application of the method to an immunoassay of thyrotropin. 189 77

An animal model of marginal zinc deficiency was tested in mice, and salt taste threshold and salt preference were investigated in the state of marginal zinc deficiency. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, four-week-old male ICR mice were fed diets of three different levels of zinc content (3.17, 9.27, or 48.13 micrograms Zn/g) for 60 days. Food intake, growth, zinc levels in tissues, hepatic metallothionein (MT) content, and activities of selected enzymes (hepatic and RBC delta-amino-levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP] did not differ among the groups throughout the experiment, and no overt signs of zinc deficiency were manifested in any group. In Experiment 2, four-week-old male ICR mice were fed a zinc-deficient diet (1.98 micrograms Zn/g) or a zinc-adequate diet (49.14 micrograms Zn/g) for 56 days. Food intake and growth did not differ between the two groups, and no overt signs of zinc deficiency were observed throughout the experiment. Zinc levels in the plasma and femur--but not those in the brain, kidneys, liver, and red blood cell (RBC)--and plasma ALP activities were significantly lower on Day 42 and Day 56 of the experiment in the mice fed the zinc-deficient diet (ZnD group) than in those fed the zinc-adequate diet (ZnA group). Hepatic MT contents were lower in the ZnD group than in the ZnA group on Day 56 only. Salt taste threshold was 0.05% in the ZnA group, while it was 0.1% in the ZnD group, between Day 30 and Day 38, and between Day 44 and Day 52 of the experiment. Preference for 0.9% NaCl solution was no different in the two groups when tested between Day 38 and Day 40 or between Day 52 and Day 54, but that for 1.6% NaCl solution was significantly higher in the ZnD group than in the ZnA group between Day 40 and Day 42, and between Day 54 and Day 56.
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PMID:Marginal zinc deficiency and changes in behavioral salt taste threshold and salt preference in mice. 191 5


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