Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of reported synergism between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) in L1210 leukemic mice and activity of this combination in clinical studies, a trial was initiated in previously untreated patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Cisplatin at 20 mg/m2 and 5-FU as a continuous infusion at 1000 mg/m2 were both administered for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Forty-one patients were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and 46 were treated by the Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) physicians. A 50% reduction in measurable disease was seen in 12 of 35 (34%) MSKCC patients and in nine of 41 (22%) of the CCOP patients with 95% confidence intervals of 0.18 to 0.50 and 0.10 to 0.35 in the two groups, respectively. The predominant toxicities were as follows: nausea and vomiting, 32%; mucositis, 26%; leukocyte counts less than 2000 cells/mm3, 17%; platelet counts less than 25,000 cells/mm3, 8%; and severe neurotoxicity, 5%. Dose attenuation was similar in the two groups. The median survival was 16.4 months for the MSKCC group and 9.6 months for the CCOP group (P = 0.0003). Although the baseline characteristics (age, sex, performance status, and baseline lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] and alkaline phosphatase) were similar, on further examination differences between the two groups were evident. In the MSKCC group, 14% of patients with liver metastases had greater than 50% of their liver involved with tumor whereas this occurred in 41% of the CCOP group (P = 0.03). The LDH values greater than 500 U/l were observed in 10% of patients in the MSKCC group and in 37% of the patients in the CCOP group (P = 0.007). Characteristics which reflect the bulk of disease, such as the percent of liver involvement, need to be analyzed in order to evaluate purported survival differences in randomized and nonrandomized trials of colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil infusion for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Differences in survival in two patient groups with similar response rates. 291 9

A double-blind study was done giving 10 mg of copper/day as copper gluconate or placebo capsules for 12 wk. The seven subjects receiving copper gluconate had no change in the level of copper in the serum, urine, or hair. There was also no change in the levels of zinc or magnesium. There was also no significant change in levels of hematocrit, triglyceride, SGOT, GGT, LDH, cholesterol, or alkaline phosphatase. The side effects of nausea, diarrhea, and heartburn were the same in the subjects receiving copper gluconate and subjects receiving placebo capsules.
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PMID:Lack of effects of copper gluconate supplementation. 293 73

Most cancerocidal agents have myelosuppression as their major toxicity. In some clinical studies it has been possible to show a relationship between the amount of administered drug and the therapeutic efficacy. Within any defined protocol, however, there may be much variability in the severity of myelosuppression. We attempted to determine whether the tumor response might be related to this toxicity. We evaluated a total of 177 patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, treated by five successive regimens of combination chemotherapy, consisting of either cyclophosphamide and vincristine alone or with doxorubicin or doxorubicin plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or doxorubicin plus methotrexate, for a number of prognostic factors (age, sex, extent of disease, performance status, sites and number of metastases, serum LDH and alkaline phosphatase, weight loss, leukopenia, and thrombopenia). Leukopenia (mean 415 +/- 478/mm3, range 0-2000/mm3) had a weak influence on the incidence of complete remission, which was highest with the least severe nadir (P = 0.027). Thrombopenia was a nonsignificant factor (P = 0.738). Both leukopenia and thrombocytopenia had no influence on the overall survival. Because these drug combinations were based on cyclophosphamide, which requires metabolic activation, we evaluated the relationship of myelosuppression and the incidence of response in a second group of patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma treated with a VP16, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine sulfate protocol. In this analysis, no relationship could be detected between remission and myelosuppression. Granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia also-showed no significant influence on the achievement of long-term survival beyond 36 months.
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PMID:Relationship between myelosuppression and chemotherapeutic response in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. 298 16

Health examinations of 108 workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) at a Japanese chemical plant were carried out in 1979. The polymerization of vinyl chloride was started at the plant in 1949. In this study, the highest concentration of VCM in autoclaves was determined to be 250 ppm in 1961. However, the workers at the plant had been exposed to higher concentrations of VCM several times before 1960. More recent VCM exposure was considered negligible. Examinations assessed data on age, height, weight, obesity index, sake consumption, VCM exposure concentration, latent period, cumulative exposure, ICG (indocyano green test), serum bilirubin, GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), A1-P (alkaline phosphatase), GGT(gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), ZTT (zinc turbidity test), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), cholesterol, TTT (thymol turbidity test), A/G (albumin globulin ratio), and thrombocytes. Variation in VCM exposure did not affect tests of pigment excretion from the liver, such as ICG; thrombocytes; and enzyme activity (such as GPT); nor bilirubin or flocculation reaction in serum.
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PMID:Early detection and signs of hepatoangiosarcoma among vinyl chloride workers. 302 84

The results of 25 percutaneous biopsies of the liver from 24 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are reported. In all cases, the value of their serum biochemistry (LDH, GOT, GPT and/or alkaline phosphatase) was abnormal and sufficient tissue material was biopsied to obtain a histopathological evaluation. Specimens from five ultrasonically suspected lymphoma of the liver showed tumor involvement histopathologically. Diffuse tumor involvement was also histologically found in three ultrasonically unsuspected livers. Six liver specimens showed degenerative and/or fibrotic change in the new and previously treated patients.
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PMID:Percutaneous histopathologic evaluation of liver in treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 306 33

Agarose acrobeads were produced by encapsulating polyacrolein microspheres (acrobeads) of 0.2 micron average diameter within an agarose matrix. Crosslinked agarose acrobeads of diameters ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 mm were found to be optimal spheres for specific hemoperfusion purposes. Agarose provides the biocompatibility and mechanical strength of the agarose acrobeads. Acrobeads contain a high aldehyde-group content through which various amino ligands, i.e., proteins, antigens, antibodies, enzymes, and so on, can be covalently bound in a single step under physiological pH (or other pH). Thus, antibodies, antigens, or toxic materials may be directly removed from whole blood by hemoperfusion. During in vitro and in vivo hemoperfusion trials, the content of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes was essentially unaltered. Likewise, a battery of the soluble blood components (Cl-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, PO3/4-), total proteins, albumin, and C'4 component of the complement cascade, as well as the enzymes SGOT, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase, remained constant within narrow limits during the hemoperfusion procedure. The chemical and physical structure of the beads is stable; neither acrolein nor bead fragments were detected in hemoperfusion trials. Similarly, leakage of antibody bound to the agarose acrobeads into the blood is insignificant. Thus far, we have demonstrated the efficacy of the crosslinked agarose acrobeads for extracorporeal removal of "unwanted" substances from whole blood in the following systems: (a) removal of specific antigens (digoxin or paraquat removal with antidigoxin or antiparaquat antibodies bound to the acrobeads, respectively), (b) removal of specific antibody (antiBSA) removal with BSA bound to the beads), (c) removal of immune complexes (BSA-antiBSA complex removal with C1q bound to acrobeads), and (d) removal of specific metals (removal of iron with deferoxamine bound to the agarose acrobeads).
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PMID:Specific hemoperfusion through agarose acrobeads. 308 86

In experiments with (CBA x C57B1/6)F1 mice it was shown that LDH activity moderately increased 5 min after exposure of the head to 200 Gy gamma radiation. After 60 min, there was a 24.4 per cent decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and a 24.3 per cent increase in SDG activity. Injected prior to irradiation meksamine precluded the postirradiation increase in SDH and alleviated the postirradiation decrease in alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:[Changes in the activity of the oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes of the animal cerebral cortex in the early periods after gamma irradiation and the use of meksamine and the synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha-estrofan]. 316 24

Fat-storing cells and other non-parenchymal cells (endothelial and Kupffer cells) were isolated from rat liver by a combined pronase-collagenase procedure and subsequent Visotrast-370 density gradient centrifugation. The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern of fat-storing cells was found different from that of other non-parenchymal liver cells. Fat-storing cells contain LDH-4 as the main isoenzyme and do not contain LDH-1, whereas the other non-parenchymal cells have all five lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, among which LDH-5 is dominating. All non-parenchymal liver cell populations contain the M-type pyruvate kinase. The alkaline phosphatase of fat-storing cells has the same electrophoretic mobility as that of the other non-parenchymal cells.
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PMID:Isoenzyme patterns of pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase in isolated fat-storing cells of rat liver. 320 45

32 healthy persons, 12 men and 20 women, 19 to 48 years of age, were examined in the three positions--recumbent, sitting and erect. Blood was taken by venepuncture after 15 minutes stay in the position. The analyses were carried out with the discrete analyzer "PA-1000", flame photometer, chlorine titrator "Radiometer" and osmometer "Knauer". The statistical assessment was performed by the pair analysis. The changing of the body position from recumbent to sitting and to erect leads to a significant increase of the concentrations of the total protein and albumin which cannot pass through the capillary endothelial barrier following the changes in the hydrostatic and filtration pressure. The capillary endothelial barrier is permeable for the low-molecular compounds whose concentrations change insignificantly. Cholesterol and triglycerides are an exception since they are bound to nonfilterable lipoprotein complexes. Reliable increase of creatinine is found only in the women examined. Calcium which in the serum is protein-bound also increases significantly. A significant increase is found also of the activity of the enzymes creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma GTP. The changes of the activity of the enzymes AsAT, AlAT, LDH and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase are insignificant.
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PMID:[Effect of body position on substrates, enzymes and electrolytes in the serum of healthy subjects]. 321 28

The development of optimal methods for preservation is important for the advancement of liver transplantation. This study compares hypothermic storage (HS) and hypothermic pulsatile perfusion (HPP) with various solutions, using an isolated normothermic perfusion model (LIPM). Canine livers were removed from mongrel dogs without warm ischemia and flushed with either heparinized Ringer's lactate (control and HPP-preserved groups) or the solution used for hypothermic storage (TP-V or modified Collins). The type of preservation and solution for each of the experimental groups was as follows: group I (n = 7), no preservation, fresh; group II (n = 7), 24-h HS with TP-V (a hyperosmolar colloid solution containing sucrose, dextrose, and ATP-MgCl2); group III (n = 7), 24-h HS with modified Collins (C-2), an intracellular crystalloid solution; group IV (n = 5), 24-h HP with TP-V; group V (n = 6), 24-h HPP with Belzer solution, containing ATP-MgCl2; group VI (n = 3), 24-h HPP with albumin. After the preservation period, livers were placed on HPP at 37 degrees C with albumin-mannitol solution for 3-h testing in an LIPM. Perfusate samples were taken at 1-h intervals to assess liver function. LDH, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, lactic acid, LAP, GGT, pO2, pCO2, pH, osmolarity, AMP, ADP, and ATP were studied. Histologic studies were performed, as were representative HIDA scans. Using the LIPM, livers preserved by HS and HPP with TP-V solution appeared to be superior to those preserved with modified Collins, Belzer, and albumin solutions. In these non-TP-V groups, the greatest cellular and organ damage was observed. TP-V HPP appeared to give the best overall liver functional response and histologic results and is recommended as the preferred method for 24-h liver preservation.
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PMID:Liver preservation techniques for transplantation. 330 26


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