Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of ip administrated aflatoxin B1 and rubratoxin B, singly and in combination, on dogs was determined by serum tests, by observations of clinical signs and survival times, and by evaluation of gross and microscopic lesions. The dog is sensitive to the toxic effects of both mycotoxins. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities and survival time varied in relation to dose and to the mycotoxin(s) administered. All three plasma enzymes were elevated regardless of dose with the combination of aflatoxin B1/rubratoxin B at 24 hr after dosing, except LDH, which was within the normal range but only at the lowest dose level. Several serum constituents including BUN, cholesterol, uric acid, and total bilirubin were elevated, whereas serum glucose was depressed in dogs treated with the multiple-toxin regimen; these changes were not seen in dogs given only aflatoxin B1 but were characteristic in rubratoxin-treated animals. In general, gross findings at necropsy were similar in all dogs regardless of the dose regimen. A striking similarity existed in the histologic changes observed between lesions experimentally induced by the mycotoxin combination and those lesions reported for dogs fed toxic feed in laboratory studies or in natural cases of hepatitis X. Of particular similarity were the severe kidney lesions observed in dogs exposed to the mycotoxin combination and kidney lesions reported in natural outbreaks of hepatitis X. There can be little doubt of an association between hepatitis X and aflatoxin B1, although it is apparent that the disease probably involves more than a single toxic factor. Our results suggest that hepatitis X in dogs includes aflatoxin B1 as a primary etiological factor but that rubratoxin B also may be involved.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and rubratoxin B in dogs. 58 96

A 10-year old girl (34.5 kg) being treated at our clinic for osteomyelitis erroneously received an overdose of lincomycin. On a single day she was given 2 infusions containing 6 g of lincomycin each, which corresponds to a dose of 343 mg/kg of body weight. There was an interval of 10 h between infusions. Apart from fatigue and unpleasant taste sensation, she demonstrated no signs of intoxication. None of the laboratory parameters (GOT, GPT, gamma-GT, LDH, G-LDH, LAP, alkaline phosphatase and CK; furthermore, the concentrations of glucose, BUN, creatinine, uric acid and bilirubin) offered any evidence of toxic organ damage. Osteomyelitis in children demands extremely high doses of antibiotics. In view of this fact, the therapeutic range of a substance is of utmost clinical interest.
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PMID:[The toxicity of lincomycin. Two i.v. applications of 6 g. each to a 10 year old girl without toxic symptoms]. 58 12

The circadian variations of serum components such as: cholesterol, LDH, GOT, alkaline phosphatase, proteins, bilirubin, ferrous ions and creatinine were investigated. Blood collection was made two times in 24 hrs.: 5-6 p.m. and 7-8 a.m. on the next day. The data obtained allowed the classification of the subjects into two groups: stable and variable. The most interesting observations were: evening decrease of cholesterol, evening increases of LDH with a tendency of intensification of the LDH5 fraction in the zymogram and evening decreases of ferrous ion.
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PMID:Circadian variations of certain blood components currently investigated. 59 15

Purified T-2 toxin was fed to S.C.W.L. hens at levels of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 p.p.m. of an otherwise balanced diet. Feed consumption, egg production and shell thickness were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased in hens fed 8 p.p.m. as compared with control hens. The fertility and progeny performance were not depressed by feeding T-2 toxin, but the hatchability of fertile eggs of hens fed 2 and 8 p.p.m. was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that of hens fed the control diet. The weights of liver, heart, gizzard and spleen were not influenced by T-2 toxin. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, LDH and uric acid of hens fed high concentrations of T-2 toxin were greater than those of control hens. SGPT in hens fed 8.0 p.p.m. was lower when compared with control hens. No outward changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, leukocyte and differential leukocyte counts were noted with feeding T-2 toxin. Most hens fed T-2 toxin developed oral lesions: circumscribed proliferative yellow caseous plaques at the margin of the beak, mucosa of the hard palate and angle of the mouth, and tongue. The incidence and severity of lesions were proportional to the dietary level of T-2 toxin. The only other lesion observed in necropsy examination at the end of the experiment was the small mucosal ulcer in the anterior portion of the gizzard in hens fed high levels of T-2 toxin. Microscostrointestinal tract, etc.) revealed no significant pathological change except the necrotic lesions in the gizzard and crop.
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PMID:Effects of T-2 toxin on reproductive performance and health of laying hens. 60 40

The LDH isoenzymes from mixed granulocytic populations and from homogenates of different organs, as well as alkaline phosphatase from human liver and intestine, were separated and purified by means of chromatography using ion exchangers (DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex A50). Comparison of purified LDH isoenzyme chromatograms with the zymograms in agar gel has allowed the determination of the isoenzymatic pattern of the respective tissues and its correlation with the predominant energetic processes. The purified extracts of alkaline phosphate have lead to the characterization of the main molecular forms of the enzyme thus enabling a more precise organo-specific diagnosis.
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PMID:Separation and purification of LDH and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes for the improvement of organo-specific diagnosis. 69 95

The distribution of placental alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase types in 635 placentas from various endogamous groups of Maharashtra have been studied by starch gel electrophoresis. In the case of alkaline phosphatase, 6 common phenotypes and 6 rare phenotypes (F2I1, S1S2, S2S3, I1S2, F1S2, F1I2) are encountered. The highest frequency of Pls1 allele (0.7394) and lowest frequency of Pli1 allele (0.0246) have been found in the Nava-Budha. 6 cases of Cal-1 and 5 cases of Cal-2 types of LDH variants have been observed in the total samples, and Muslims possess the highest frequency of Cal-1 types (3.64%). Population groups are compared with respect to Pl alleles.
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PMID:Placental enzyme polymorphism among Maharashtrians: alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. 72 1

An original method of statistical treatment of biological data is proposed. It permits satisfactory biochemical classification of 322 patients divided up into 3 groups : intrahepatic cholestasis (235 patients), extrahepatic obstruction (44 patients) and carcinoma of the liver (43 patients). On the basis of 32 tests, it was possible to define discriminating areas permitting satisfactory diagnosis in 95 per cent of published cases. The reduction in the number of tests necessary for diagnosis was considered. The selection technic used was original to the extent that it dose not require, like most methods used today, the determination of better individual discriminators, but the establishment of a better discriminating subunit, obtained from the initial subunit composed of a group of variables. From the 32 parameters contained in the standard liver function tests, a search for a better discriminating subunit consisting of the best four tests, permitted the authors to select a group of 10 tests : bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, Thymolturbidity, Cetavlon test, serum albumin, total LDH, TGP (ALAT), OCT, GLDH, of which the discriminating value remains very satisfactory.
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PMID:[Statistical evaluation of biochemical data by the method of discrimination analysis. Selection of the discriminant biochemical variables. Attempted biochemical discrimination of intrahepatic cholestasis, extrahepatic obstruction and liver cancer]. 77 46

In a series of experiments with a total of 1480 veal calves, different aspects of treating calves with anabolic steroids were examined. The anabolics used were 17beta-estradiol (E), trenbolone acetate (T), progesterone (P), testosterone (Te), C+T, E+P, E+Te and zeranole (Z). The N-retention was estimated by examining the urea: creatinine ratio in single urine specimens during the course of two feeding trials. Increased gain due to the treatment with E (20 mg implanted/calf) + P (200 mg) and Te (200 mg), respectively, E + T (140 mg) or Z (36 mg) was during the whole experimental period. The extra gain, due to anabolics seems to contain even more protein. This conclusion may be supported by the crude protein content of meat samples. The antibody production of a total of 311 male and female calves was investigated after the application of the following steroids: E (20 mg), T (200 mg), T (200 mg), E + T, P (200 mg), Te (200 mg), E + P, E + Te, and Z. Eleven days after the implantation of the steroids the animals were immunized with alumprecipitated human serumalbumin. Antibody-titres were determined by the Antigen-Binding-Capacity Test on day 14 following immunization. In nearly all groups the antibody-titres of female calves exceeded those of male calves on the average by 75%. The immune response of all experimental groups did not differ significantly from that of the corresponding control groups. However, the results indicate that both E + T and its single components E and T exert an immunodepressive effect in male calves. While the humoral antibody formation in the calf appears not to be influenced by anabolic steroids, it cannot be decided presently whether these substances effect cell-mediated immune reactions and/or unspecific mechanisms of resistance. When estradiol (20, 200, and 500 mg) and trenbolone acetate (140, 1400, 3500 mg) alone and in combination were implanted in female calves, blood glucose, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, cholesterine and bilirubine; Hb, PVC, quick value; urine density and pH were not affected by treatment. Some criteria of the mineral metabolism (Ca- and P-levels in serum and bone) was not altered by treatment. Trenbolone (1 400 and 3 500 mg), especially with estradiol, caused a decrease of the serum Mg-level and of the Mg-deposition in the bone. It is discussed that Trenbolone affects the dig-metabolism of calves. Some morphological findings are worth mentioning. The weight of uterus was not affected by the different doses of E or T, but a combination E + T led to a surprising weight increase. The proliferation of uterine glandular cells was responsible for the increased uterine size. The lumen of uterus was partially filled with a watery liquid. The reduction of the ovarian weight was accompanied by a diminution of follicular size for all treated calves, most evident for E (200, 500 mg) + T (1400, 3500 mg). A decrease in the number of follicles was also found for these two groups. T (3500 mg) caused an abnormal size of the clitoris and led to a reduction of the size of thymus.
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PMID:Physiological data including evaluation of immuno-response in relation to anabolic effects on veal calves. 78 65

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
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PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

Histoenzymologic differences between the parotid, paramandibular and submandibular glands were studied in six Callithrix jacchus (four males and two females) and four Callithrix penicillata (three males and one female). The acinous cells of the paramandibular glands showed a stronger reactivity for the diaphorases (NADH2-TR and NADPH2-TR) and for a certain group of enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism (F-1-6P Ald, LDH, ADH, G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH), lipid metabolism (alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase), protein metabolism (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and GDH) and respiratory chain (cris-aconitase and ICDH). The nonspecific esterase was more reactive in the basal part of of the mucous cells of the submandibular glands. Conversely, some enzymes of the respiratory chain (SDH, cytochrome oxidase and ATPases) showed a stronger reactivity in the serous cells of the parotid and submandibular glands. The paramandibular glands exhibited a lesser autonomic innervation than the parotid and submandibular.
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PMID:Histochemical differences between the major salivary glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 38


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