Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When liver cells were dispersed with collagenase, their 5'-nucleotidase activity decreased to half the initial level, but it increased to the original level again on culture of the cells for a few days. The activity of another membrane enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, did not decrease on dispersion of the cells, but it increased about 10-fold on culture of the cells. These inductions did not require any hormone, but the effects were greater at a high cell density. These enzymes are located in both the plasma membranes and the cytoplasm, but the enzymes in these two locations can be distinguished by differences in their pH optima, substrate specificities, and susceptibilities to inhibitors. The increases were found to be due to increases in the activity of only the enzymes in the plasma membranes. The increases in enzyme activities were inhibited by actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and puromycin. The activities of leucine aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase B, other membrane enzymes, remained constant during dispersion and culture of the cells. These results show that enzymes in the cell membranes are affected in different ways by cell dispersion with collagenase and subsequent culture of the cells.
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PMID:Biochemical studies on liver functions in primary cultured hepatocytes of adult rats. III. Changes of enzyme activities on cell membranes during culture. 52 39

Plasmids are involved in the biosynthesis of many microbial secondary metabolites, and compounds which have various chemical structures are produced by microorganisms. Therefore, it is possible to find microbial products which have no antimicrobial activities but pharmacological activities. Aminopeptidases, alkaline phosphatase and esterase have been found to appear on the cell surface and their strong inhibitors have been confirmed to enhance or decrease immune response. These inhibitors have a very low toxicity without cytotoxic action. Bestatin, which inhibited aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase, enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity in a wide range of its low dosis (0.1-100 micrometer/mouse) and produced an immune resistance to the second inoculation of the same tumor cells. It showed a synergistic action with antitumor agents in treatment of experimental tumors. Treatment with bestatin alone exhibited a strong therapeutic effect on slowly growing solid tumors.
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PMID:Small molecular microbial products enhancing immune response. 65 81

Two endothelial cell lines were derived from grafts of the central nervous system using retrovirus mediated gene transfer to introduce the polyoma middle-T oncogene into fetal rat brain endothelial cells and transplantation of these cells into adult rat brain. In this report, we further characterize these cells and the effect of dexamethasone on the expression of specific enzymatic markers. These cells take up acetylated low density lipoprotein, leucine, and glucose, and express Factor VIII-related antigen, angiotensin converting enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and as yet undescribed aminopeptidase A and B-like enzymes. When grown on semi-permeable membranes, these transformed cells do not spontaneously retain small hydrophilic molecules. In culture, one of the lines (EC 193) forms a confluent monolayer of spindle-shaped cells homogenously expressing gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase at a level comparable to primary cells. The other cell line (EC 219) grows as clusters of elongated cells, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity is expressed mainly in cells forming the clusters. This clustered pattern changes to a confluent one after culture on type-I collagen. Dexamethasone increases angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and decreases the expression of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and aminopeptidase A, whereas the aminopeptidase B activity is little modified. Inhibition of aminopeptidase A activity by amastatin, potentiates angiotensin II effects on DNA synthesis. These results indicate that retrovirally transformed brain endothelial cells are a useful model for studying the blood-brain barrier in vitro and that dexamethasone, an agent with the potential to reduce brain edema, directly affects some blood-brain barrier properties in these endothelial cell lines.
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PMID:Dexamethasone selectively regulates the activity of enzymatic markers of cerebral endothelial cell lines. 135 67

We tested the activity of low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors with immunomodifying actions on the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Of the agents tested the inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase B and esterase gave significant protection against the clinical expression of EAE in guinea pigs.
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PMID:Low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors suppress the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 651 Apr 98

A screening method to identify microbial products that bind to surfaces of cells involved in immunity has been established. By means of this method, several small molecular weight compounds, bestatin, amastatin, forphenicine, and esterastin, inhibiting enzymes located on the cell surface, aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase A, alkaline phosphatase, and esterase, were discovered. These small molecular weight microbial products showed immunity-modifying activity. Among these, bestatin, which has an extremely low toxicity, was studied in detail. The clinical study indicated that bestatin enhances the cellular immunity in cancer patients. The use of small molecular weight immunomodifiers to annihilate minimal residual tumors in the lung is discussed.
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PMID:Recent studies on antibiotics and small molecular immunomodulators with potential usefulness in treating lung cancer: Part II - Small molecular weight immunomodulators produced by microorganisms. 705 2