Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A non-competitive sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of apolipoprotein B with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies was developed. Polyclonal antibodies were used as 'coater'. In the assay with polyclonal antibodies, the same antibody was used as conjugate with alkaline phosphatase. For studies with monoclonal antibodies, enzyme conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobulin had to be used, since monoclonal antibodies lost their reactivity upon enzyme conjugation. Two murine monoclonal antibodies were employed: MAB B-1 with specificity for apolipoproteins (Apo) B-48 and B-100 and MAB B-5 with specificity for B-100 (Radioimmunoassay Inc.). In a reference group Apo B values of 0.82 +/- 0.20 g/l were measured with polyclonal antibodies, 0.68 +/- 0.19 g/l and 0.95 +/- 0.33 g/l with MAB B-1 and MAB B-5. In pure hypercholesterolemia, a similar increase was found with all three antibodies, while in combined hyperlipoproteinemia MAB B-5 gave greater than 40% lower values. Differences were also found with respect to the correlation between Apo B and cholesterol or triglycerides.
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PMID:Quantitation of apolipoprotein B by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. 241 57

The efficacy and safety of 20 mg simvastatin (a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) and of 16 g cholestyramine daily in the treatment of 34 hypercholesterolaemic patients have been compared after dietary treatment and stratified randomization. The effect of combined treatment with the two drugs was studied in 5 patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia. After 6 weeks of treatment the simvastatin group showed a significantly greater (p less than 0.05) decrease in the mean total plasma cholesterol concentration from 7.88 to 5.48 mmol/l than in the cholestyramine group in whom there was a fall from 7.82 to 6.73 mmol/l. Simvastatin decreased the mean plasma LDL cholesterol concentration from 6.07 to 3.76 mml/l and cholestyramine decreased it from 6.16 to 4.46 mmol/l. Simvastatin also reduced the mean plasma total triglycerides by 24%, VLDL triglycerides by 20% and VLDL cholesterol by 36%, while cholestyramine led to increases in these parameters by 64%, 85% and 63%, respectively. Mean plasma HDL cholesterol concentration and the subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol were significantly increased by simvastatin. Simvastatin and cholestyramine reduced the mean plasma apolipoprotein B concentration by 28% and 13%, respectively. The mean plasma apolipoprotein A-I concentration was significantly higher only on simvastatin treatment. Simvastatin did not cause any subjective or objective side effects, while cholestyramine caused gastrointestinal problems in 31% of patients. Small increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALT) activity were seen with both drugs. Cholestyramine significantly raised the serum alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) although to a level still within the normal range. It is concluded that 20 mg simvastatin was more effective than 16 g cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparative effects of simvastatin and cholestyramine in treatment of patients with hypercholesterolaemia. 250 17

Serum concentrations of lipids and apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and B were determined in patients with hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer, with primary liver cancer and with cirrhosis. In all three liver diseases, the HDL fraction and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II showed significantly low values, while apolipoprotein B was only increased in hepatic metastases. The decrease of apolipoprotein A-II levels was more prominent in cirrhosis, thereby enhancing the A-I/A-II ratio. This ratio is decreased in metastasis and normal in hepatomas. In patients with hepatic metastases a correlation was observed between alkaline phosphatase and apolipoprotein A-II (p less than 0.05), and between gamma-glutamyltransferase and the A-I/A-II ratio (p less than 0.05). The present work suggests that determination of apolipoproteins and lipids of the HDL fraction offers a new approach to the study of liver diseases.
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PMID:Serum apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B in hepatic metastases. Comparison with other liver diseases: hepatomas and cirrhosis. 287 62

Effects of CS-514, a new competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein levels were studied in 13 heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Treatment with 10 mg of CS-514 twice daily reduced total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol levels by 25%, 33%, and 33%, respectively, and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by 15%. Apolipoprotein B, E, and C-II levels decreased by 24%, 20%, and 19%, and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II levels increased by 10% and 7%, respectively. One patient showed abnormally high levels of SGOT, SGPT, and serum alkaline phosphatase, which returned to normal levels immediately after the cessation of CS-514. No other adverse effects were observed. Thus, CS-514 reduces atherogenic lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B, and increases HDL and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II, and appears to be a useful drug for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Effects of CS-514 on serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. 310 56

The role of extracellular matrix as a determinant of intestinal cell maturation was explored by growing a normal, but immature, rat small intestinal cell line (IEC-6) on basement membrane extract from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma cells (ECM). Grown on plastic or glass, these cells are relatively immature and proliferate rapidly. In contrast, cells on ECM attached more rapidly, stopped proliferating, and rapidly organized into multicellular complex structures. Ultrastructurally, cells grown on ECM displayed significantly more mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, apical microvilli, and complex golgi apparatus, consistent with greater maturity and synthetic activity. By indirect immunofluorescence, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellular apolipoprotein B were present in cells grown on ECM only. In contrast to cells grown on glass, these cells also demonstrated Na-dependent glucose absorption, a function unique to mature villus cells (7). We conclude that the basement membrane may be a key determinant of intestinal epithelial cell maturation. The development of a mature villuslike intestinal cell in vitro may have wide application for future studies of induction and regulation of intestinal maturation and function.
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PMID:Differentiation of rat small intestinal epithelial cells by extracellular matrix. 334 2

A semi-automated competitive, double-antibody, solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for apolipoprotein B (Apo B) has been developed which utilizes microtiter plates with commercially available monoclonal antibodies and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibody. The working range of the assay is 20-200 ng. The concentration of plasma Apo B was 0.88 +/- 0.20 g/l (n = 40) for a random sample of normal adults. The correlation coefficient for this assay, compared to a radial immunodiffusion assay, was 0.95 (slope = 1.13, intercept = -15). The quantification of the samples was not influenced by freezing and thawing, storage at -20 degrees C for up to 9 mth, or the lipoprotein particle on which the Apo B was present. The method is suitable for measurement of apolipoprotein B in either normal or pathological plasma, lipoprotein density classes, and is sensitive enough to quantify Apo B in cell biological and molecular biological investigations.
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PMID:Semi-automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of apolipoprotein B using monoclonal antibodies. 343 61

A solid phase micro competition enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (microCELIA) was developed to measure apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in human plasma. The soluble Apo B competed with the solid phase antigen for antibody binding. After washing, alkaline phosphatase labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody was added and the plates were washed and assayed. The minimal quantifiable concentration of Apo B was one mg per L. This enzyme immunoassay (EIA) yielded values which correlated with values of samples assayed in reference laboratories by radioimmunoassay (RIA) (r = 0.97) and by electroimmunoassay (r = 0.92). The electroimmunoassay overestimates the activity of hyperlipemic samples compared to microCELIA. The assay offers advantages over other existing techniques including short incubation time, high sensitivity, technical simplicity, elimination of radioisotopes, low cost, and use of a universal enzyme label.
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PMID:Micro competition enzyme linked immunosorbant assay for human apolipoprotein B. 374 Jul 97

A simple method is described for the enzymatic determination of sphingomyelin in the apolipoprotein B-free supernatants prepared by precipitation of blood sera with phosphotungstate/MgCl2. The analysis is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, by sphingomyelinase from B. cereus, into phosphorylcholine and N-acylsphingosine, and subsequent hydrolysis of phosphorylcholine by alkaline phosphatase. The choline formed is determined by choline kinase in an optical test. The results from this method were in good agreement with those obtained by the conventional chemical sphingomyelin determination. Furthermore, there was a good correlation between the sphingomyelin concentrations obtained from the HDL fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation (1.063-1.21 kg/l) and those obtained from the apolipoprotein B free supernatants after phosphotungstate/mgCl2 precipitation of sera.
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PMID:[The enzymatic analysis of sphingomyelin in HDL (author's transl)]. 680 83

An enzyme immunoassay for human serum apolipoprotein B is described. The assay is competitive and uses cellulose nitrate coated polystyrene tubes with adsorbed monospecific antibodies, to which is added intact low density lipoprotein (LDL) conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The coefficients of variation were 8 and 10% for within-run and between-run reproducibility respectively, for the range 100-200 ng of apolipoprotein B in the sample. Recovery determinations on isolated very low and low density lipoprotein fractions showed good yields of immunologically determined apolipoprotein B relative to chemically determined apolipoprotein. Using this method on a control material of apparently healthy 40-60 year old men a good correlation (r = 0.67, p = 0.01) was found between serum apolipoprotein B content and serum LDL cholesterol.
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PMID:Quantitation of human serum apolipoprotein B by enzyme immunoassay. 704 37

Within the framework of clinical tests of LIPOSTAT (pravastatin tablets 20 mg Bristol Meyers-Squibb Co.) this hypolipidaemic preparation was administered to 28 patients with different types of hyperlipoproteinaemias, mainly of type IIa. Administration for a period of four weeks--20 mg in the evening--had a significant effect on several basic indicators of the lipid metabolism. The total plasma cholesterol level declined by 20%, the apolipoprotein B level by 11%, the HDL cholesterol level rose by 38% and the triacylglycerol level declined by 18%. During administration the serum levels of aminotransferases, creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase did not increase. No adverse side-effects were observed which called for discontinuation of treatment. Pravastatin is according to the authors' experience and the results of others an effective hypolipidaemic agent, suitable for the majority of patients with hyperlipoproteinaemias, in particular those with elevated plasma cholesterol levels.
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PMID:[Lipostat in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia]. 821 25


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