Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study was performed in the Dutch flower bulb culture to investigate the possible effects of subchronic exposure to the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP) on liver and kidney function and on glutathione conjugation capacity in blood. Urine spot samples and venous blood samples from 14 workers applying DCP (applicators) were taken at the start of the season in July, and after the season in October. The parameters of liver function measured were: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and total bilirubin (conjugated and unconjugated). Total bilirubin was significantly decreased from 9.5 before to 7.0 mumol/l after the season. In combination with an increase in serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity from 12.5 to 19.5 U/l this indicates moderate hepatic enzyme induction. To study renal function, creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin in serum, and beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, alanine aminopeptidase, beta-galactosidase, and retinol binding protein in urine were measured. The glomerular function parameters albumin in urine and creatinine in serum changed significantly during the season: albumin concentration increased from 5.2 to 7.6 mg/l, whereas creatinine concentration [corrected] decreased from 93.0 to 87.5 mumol/l. The tubular function parameter retinol binding protein also increased in concentration from 20.0 to 26.9 micrograms/l. Therefore, a subclinical nephrotoxic effect of subchronic exposure to DCP cannot be excluded. Effects on glutathione conjugation capacity were studied by measuring erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase activity and blood glutathione concentrations. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes was significantly decreased from 4.7 before to 3.3 U/g haemoglobin after the season. The same was true for the blood glutathione concentrations, which decreased from 0.93 to 0.82 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biological effect monitoring of occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene: effects on liver and renal function and on glutathione conjugation. 191 9

Seventeen patients were subjected to analysis of various renal functional parameters before and after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal stones. Thirteen patients were observed at 2 weeks and 3 months. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was not influenced by ESWL as based on unchanged serum levels of creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin and creatinine clearance. A significant increase in urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase, with return to pre-treatment values within 4 to 5 days, reflected transient disturbances in proximal tubular function. Urinary albumin excretion was increased 0-24 h after ESWL. No significant alterations were observed in plasma renin activity or serum aldosterone due to ESWL. Serum lactic dehydrogenase remained significantly increased for 2 weeks. In addition, significant changes in several blood and urine parameters were caused by immersion in water and intravenous infusions during treatment and were not specifically due to ESWL.
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PMID:Acute changes in kidney function following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones. 202 7

To assess biological response, therapeutic activity, and side effects, a randomized, double-blind trial of two doses of interferon-beta ser (IFN-beta ser), differing by 20-fold 4.5 and 90 x 10(6) units), was undertaken in 64 patients with metastatic renal carcinoma. Patients were treated intravenously with injections daily for 10 days with an 11-day rest before treatment was reinitiated. The trial confirmed the relatively good toleration of IFN-beta ser; in the first cycle only 4/63 patients had anorexia of moderate or greater severity. Median weight change over the duration on study was -1.5 kg; in the first cycle only 7% of patients had performance status decline greater than 1 level. Statistically significant changes (p less than 0.05) occurred in granulocytes, lymphocytes, calcium, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transferase (AST); however, except for AST, overall clinical differences in the two doses were not great. Of 60 patients evaluated, 1 developed neutralizing antibody. When assessed 24 h after IFN-beta ser at 4.5 x 10(6) units, significant (p less than 0.05) augmentation had occurred in beta 2-microglobulin, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ expression on monocytes, 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase in peripheral mononuclear cells, and natural killer (NK) and K cells functional activity. Although the 90 x 10(6) unit dose also resulted in stimulation of these responses, little additional augmentation of biological response occurred at the higher dose. Except for a decline in monocyte HLA-DR expression, biological responses remained increased at both doses over the 10-day period of treatment. However, no objective regressions of metastatic disease occurred. In view of objective responses in metastatic renal carcinoma in other trials with IFN-beta ser, consideration should be given to alternative schedules.
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PMID:Biological and clinical effects of interferon-beta ser at two doses. 208 72

This study introduces a simple, reproducible assay for HLA class I antigen using antibodies against beta 2-microglobulin and the heavy chain on HLA. The sandwich technique was named mixed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA), and was designed for identification of plasma membranes in neutrophil subcellular fractions. The subcellular localization of HLA was identical to that of other plasma membrane markers, [3H]concanavalin A and detergent-independent alkaline phosphatase, and was unchanged by stimulation of cells by weak and strong secretagogues. In addition to the presence as part of the HLA complex in the plasma membrane uncomplexed beta 2-microglobulin is present in the specific granules of neutrophils. However, the release of beta 2-microglobulin from intact neutrophils stimulated with formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine was much higher than could be explained by exocytosis of specific granules. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated that beta 2-microglobulin is localized in fractions characterized by latent alkaline phosphatase and released from this novel secretory compartment in response to stimulation with formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine.
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PMID:Mixed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA) for HLA class I antigen: a plasma membrane marker. 218 25

Renal effects of the new non-ionic contrast medium iopentol in increasing doses were assessed and compared with the effects of physiologic saline. Twenty-four healthy male volunteers, allocated to three dose groups, were given iopentol intravenously in doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g I/kg body weight, respectively. The highest dose group was also given physiologic saline separately as a control. The diuresis increased in all groups, most in the highest dose group, and with a concomitant fall of urine osmolality and increase in osmolar clearance. A slight decrease of serum osmolality, creatinine and urea occurred at 3 hours due to hemodilution. The glomerular filtration rate was unaffected by iopentol. The urinary excretion of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin was unchanged. However, urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly, most in the highest dose group. All changes were reversible.
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PMID:Renal effects of the non-ionic contrast medium iopentol after intravenous injection in healthy volunteers. 218 15

We have studied the effect of maturation to small intestinal-like epithelial cells of the human colonic carcinoma cell line HT29 on the lateral mobility of different representative membrane components (lipid, proteins), as assessed with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Maturation was induced in vitro in the HT29 cells by replacing glucose (Glu) with galactose (Gal) in the growth medium (DMEM) during a 21-day period. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an increased number of microvilli in the apical cell membrane, and enzyme analyses (alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase) in combination with aqueous countercurrent distribution, indicated that maturation was induced with DMEM-Gal. In comparison to control cells grown in DMEM-Glu medium, the more small intestinal-like cells grown in DMEM-Gal displayed no alteration of the lateral mobility of either cholera toxin (B subunit)-labelled ganglioside GM1 (diffusion coefficient, D [x 10(8)] = 0.8-0.9 cm2s-1; mobile fraction, R = 50-60%) or antibody-stained Class 2 histocompatibility (HLA-DR) antigen (D [x 10(9)] = 2 cm2s-1; R = 60-70%). However, antibody-labelled beta 2-microglobulin of HLA Class 1 antigen displayed increased mobility in HT29-Gal cells; D was x 1.4 and R x 1.8 larger in the HT29-Gal cells. By contrast, the mobility of a neoplastic antigen was reduced; D and R were x0.60 and x0.69 of the values seen in HT29-Glu cells. It is thus concluded that DMEM-Gal-induced differentiation in confluent HT29 cells is accompanied by specific rather than general effects on the lateral mobility of different membrane components.
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PMID:Small intestinal differentiation in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells has distinct effects on the lateral diffusion of lipids (ganglioside GM1) and proteins (HLA class 1, HLA class 2, and neoplastic epithelial antigens) in the apical cell membrane. 233 58

The effect of lithium and other antipsychotic drugs on the renal function in patients with manic-depressive disorders has been investigated. Thirty-four patients (5 males and 29 females) treated with lithium and 21 patients (6 males and 15 females) on other antipsychotic drugs were studied. A control group of 10 persons consisting of healthy subjects, all of whom were taking no medication was also studied. No significant differences in the treatment duration were present between the patients investigated. Although few patients on lithium had glomerular filtration reduced, no statistically significant difference in creatinine clearance was found between the groups. None of the patients had a disturbance in the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids (histidine, lysine, valine, glutamine, glycine, serine, taurine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine) and beta 2-microglobulin. Patients treated with lithium had a significantly reduced urine concentration and higher daily diuresis than did the other two studied groups. A significantly higher overnight elimination of alkaline phosphatase was found in a group of patients taking other antipsychotic drugs. The attained results suggest tubular lesions in patients with manic-depressive psychosis occurring in the association with the prophylactic use of lithium and, at same time, the possibility of the other in association with the other antipsychotic drugs.
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PMID:[Effect of long-term use of lithium on kidney function]. 236 20

The nephrotoxicity of ribostamycin and gentamicin was compared by urinalysis using 18 parameters. When a dose of 40 mg/kg per day was administered intramuscularly to Fischer rats for 14 days, ribostamycin caused little change of parameters in urine volume, urine osmolality, urine protein, maltase and beta 2-microglobulin. A slight increase with ribostamycin was observed in alpha-fucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and potassium, and a moderate increase was observed in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, gentamicin caused a large alteration in most parameters. Both antibiotics caused a change of the isoenzyme pattern of LDH1-5, but the pattern with ribostamycin was much closer to the normal pattern than with gentamicin. When a dose of 80 mg/kg of ribostamycin was compared with 10 mg/kg of gentamicin, alteration of urinary parameters was almost comparable. Histopathological observations of the kidney specimens of rats given 40 mg/kg per day showed no histological damage with ribostamycin except for a slight increase and enlargement of lysosomes of the proximal epithelial cells. However, significant histological damage was observed with gentamicin, consistent with the results obtained from urinalysis. Renal accumulation of ribostamycin at a single dose of 20 mg/kg was three times less than that of gentamicin. Ribostamycin caused slightly less nephrotoxicity in rats than kanamycin and far less than dibekacin at an equal dosage of 40 mg/kg per day for 14 days.
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PMID:Comparative nephrotoxicity of ribostamycin and gentamicin in rats evaluated by urinalysis. 259 Dec 99

To assess the health significance of the early renal changes after chronic exposure to cadmium, 23 workers removed from exposure because of the discovery of an increased urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin or retinol binding protein, or both, have been examined once a year for five years. Eight of these workers had also an increased albuminuria. These workers had been exposed to cadmium for six to 41.7 years (mean 25 years) and their first follow up examination took place when they had been removed from exposure for six years on average. At that time, their mean age was 58.6 years (range: 45.5-68.1). It has been confirmed that the proteinuria induced by cadmium is irreversible. The most important finding, however, is a significant increase of creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin concentrations in serum with time, indicating a progressive reduction of the glomerular filtration rate despite removal from exposure. It is estimated that on average this rate has decreased by 31 ml/min/1.73 m2 during the five year follow up study. This decrease is significantly greater (about five times) than that accounted for by aging and is not more pronounced in workers with impaired renal function at the start of the study than in those presenting only with subclinical signs of renal damage. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity also increases significantly with time. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the early renal changes induced by cadmium should be regarded as adverse effects; they are predictive of an exacerbation of the age related decline of the glomerular filtration rate.
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PMID:Health significance of cadmium induced renal dysfunction: a five year follow up. 268 49

A cell line, HuH-28, was established in vitro from a patient with cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). This cell line has grown slowly, revealing a doubling time of approximately 80 h, and the serial passages were carried out 20 times within 10 months. Light microscopy revealed spindle and polygonal morphology of the cells. Chromosome number of the cells were distributed near the hypotriploid region at passages 3 and 14. HuH-28 cells were not transplantable into nude mice, but secreted some tumor markers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), beta 2-microglobulin (BMG), ferritin, elastase-1, and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). This HuH-28 cell line will represent a good model for the investigation of carcinogenesis, histogenes, and diagnosis of CCC.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a cell line from a human cholangiocellular carcinoma. 285 88


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