Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new human extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma cell line (KMBC) was established from a serially transplanted tumor in nude mice that originated from a surgically resected tumor from a 73-year-old Japanese man; the cell line has been maintained for 5 five years. KMBC cells proliferate in a monolayered sheet with a population doubling time of 30 hours. Chromosome number was distributed in a range from 37 to 44, with modal numbers of 40 and 41. KMBC cells and the reconstituted tumor in a nude mouse showed moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and possessed various functional characteristics of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. KMBC cells secreted carbohydrate antigen 19-9, tissue polypeptide antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, beta 2-microglobulin, fibronectin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin and produced glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. KMBC is the second established cell line that originated from a human extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma in the world literature, and it will be applicable to various experiments.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a new human extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma cell line (KMBC). 131 90

We have established a cell line (KU-SN) from a peripheral neuroectodermal tumor originating in the left scapula of a 4-year-old girl. The original tumor was immunoreactive with antibodies for neurofilament proteins, neuron-specific enolase, vimentin, S100 protein, and beta 2-microglobulin. Dense core granules, 50-150 nm in diameter, were identified by electron microscopy. The cell line was established from tumor cells in metastatic lung fluid. KU-SN cells were immunoreactive with the antibodies for neurofilament proteins, vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, cytokeratin, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Besides these neuronal features, KU-SN cells express type 2 collagen and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. The addition of insulin-like growth factor 1 (100 ng/ml) increased the growth rate of KU-SN cells 2.1-fold over control. Some cells were positive for Alcian blue and alkaline phosphatase staining. Cytogenetic analysis of KU-SN cells disclosed a reciprocal chromosomal translocation [t(11,22)]. Northern blot analysis of KU-SN cells demonstrated amplified expression of the c-myc gene but not the N-myc gene. When tumor cells were transplanted into nude mice, cartilage was formed. The cartilage was immunoreactive with the antibody for HLA-ABC, indicating that it was derived from the tumor cells, not from mouse tissue. Chondrocytic differentiation was not observed in xenografts of Ewing's sarcoma cell lines SK-ES or RD-ES or the peripheral neuroectodermal tumor cell line SK-N-MC. These results indicate that KU-SN cells represent primitive neural crest cells having the potential for chondrocytic differentiation.
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PMID:Chondrocytic differentiation of peripheral neuroectodermal tumor cell line in nude mouse xenograft. 137 22

Thirty patients of both sexes (15 males and 15 females) with chronic renal failure who had under gone hemodialysis for 2-184 months (mean 45.1 months) were examined with conventional radiographs of the cervical spine and thin-layer CT of C4-C5-C6 to evaluate the radiographic patterns of destructive spondyloarthropathy. The radiographic patterns obtained with conventional and CT exams were compared with one another and with clinical (carpal tunnel syndrome) and biochemical data (alkaline phosphatase, parathormon, Ca, P, Ca/P, Al, beta 2-microglobulin). DSA (erosion and narrowing of the intervertebral space, collapse of the vertebral body and erosion of the vertebral plates) was recognized in 7 patients with conventional radiographs and in 11 patients with CT thanks to greater CT capabilities to recognize minimal osteolytic lesions of the vertebral body. All the patients with destructive spondyloarthropathy had personal and hemodialysis age higher than those without destructive spondyloarthropathy: 59.3 vs 57.7 years; 49 vs 39 months. Parathormon and alkaline phosphatase were increased while beta 2-microglobulin was normal. Only 2 patients with DSA had carpal tunnel syndrome. In conclusion, CT is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of destructive spondyloarthropathy but it must be performed only after conventional radiographs of the cervical spine or in the presence of clinical signs of destructive spondyloarthropathy (parathormon and beta 2-microglobulin increased, long-term hemodialysis).
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PMID:[Computerized tomography and conventional radiography in the diagnosis of destructive spondyloarthropathy. Our experience with 30 patients undergoing periodic hemodialysis]. 149 70

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with physiological saline solution (vehicle) or cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 2.0 or 2.5 mg kg-1 on days 8, 10, 12 and 14 of gestation. On postnatal day (PND) 3, 12 or 49, the offspring were examined for 8- or 24-h urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m), metallothionein (MT) and urinary activity of three proximal tubular enzymes: gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). Treatment with CdCl2 did not affect growth or survival of offspring. Significant decreases in the urinary excretion of GGT, ALP and NAG were observed on PND 3, at both doses. Exposure to 4 x 2.5 mg kg-1 resulted in functional deficit of the proximal tubule on PND 3, as evidenced by the significant increase in beta 2-m. Except for a slight but significant increase of beta 2-m in 49-day-old males, all the other urinary parameters returned to control values on PND 12. There was no effect on MT. Results from this study show that prenatal exposure to CdCl2 can induce significant changes in the kidney biochemistry of rats in the early postnatal period.
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PMID:Changes in urinary proximal tubule parameters in neonatal rats exposed to cadmium chloride during pregnancy. 167 94

Renal effects of the 2 non-ionic contrast media iopentol and iohexol were investigated and compared in a double-blind, randomized parallel study where 30 patients received iopentol, and 31 patients iohexol intravenously for abdominal CT. The dosage of contrast medium (350 mg I/ml) was 700 mg I/kg body weight. Only one patient (in the iohexol group) had an increase in serum creatinine of more than 50%. Iopentol and iohexol had no effects on the mean serum values of creatinine, urea, and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) nor on creatinine clearance. The urinary excretion of albumin and beta 2-MG was also unchanged. The excretion of the proximal tubular enzymes alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was increased. No significant difference between iopentol and iohexol was found.
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PMID:Renal effects of iopentol and iohexol after intravenous injection. 186 5

To assess the osteopenia induced by environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure by measurement of serum bone Gla protein (BGP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha,25(OH)2D), 29 men and 41 women who lived in a Cd-polluted area and showed renal tubular dysfunction were selected. To evaluate the degree of osteopenia, microdensitometry (MD) was used. Compared with the non-exposed subjects, the levels of serum creatinine and BGP, urinary Cd and beta 2-microglobulin and blood Cd were higher, while the levels of serum inorganic phosphorus and MD indicators were lower in the Cd-exposed group. In simple correlation matrix, BGP showed significant correlations with serum alkaline phosphatase (S-Al-p) and MD indicators in the Cd-exposed men, and also correlations with S-Al-p and 1 alpha-25(OH)2D in the Cd-exposed women. Applying multivariate analysis to the Cd-exposed subjects, BGP, %TRP and base excess were found to show significant associations with the MD indicators in the men. In the women, PTH, age, blood Cd and BGP were associated significantly with the MD indicators. Only serum BGP showed a significant correlation in both sexes of the Cd-exposed subjects, and a sex difference was found in the relationship between bone metabolic markers and osteopenia. These results suggest that serum BGP has a close independent association with the osteopenia induced by Cd exposure and that BGP, which has a different biological function from that of PTH or 1 alpha,25(OH)2D, may be a useful indicator to detect bone damage in Cd-exposed subjects.
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PMID:Assessment of cadmium-induced osteopenia by measurement of serum bone Gla protein, parathyroid hormone, and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. 191 89

Elevated serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) and procollagen III amino terminal propeptide (PIIINP) have been found in various diseases characterized by altered metabolism of collagen. In the present study, their serum levels were measured in 105 renal patients and 22 normal controls. Median HA concentrations were 23 micrograms/l in controls, 47 micrograms/l in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF, not on dialysis; p less than 0.001), 75 micrograms/l on CAPD (p less than 0.001) vs. controls, p = 0.045 vs. CRF), and 167 micrograms/l on hemodialysis (p less than 0.001 vs. controls, CRF, and CAPD), respectively. The values correlated positively with age but not with renal function or the type of renal disease. In hemodialysis patients, HA correlated with the duration of renal replacement therapy and serum beta 2-microglobulin but not with serum alkaline phosphatase or C-terminal parathormone. Serum HA did not change significantly during hemodialysis treatment and was independent of the type of dialyzer membrane material. Median PIIINP values were 2.7 micrograms/l in controls, 4.4 micrograms/l in patients with CRF (p less than 0.001), 6.9 micrograms/l on CAPD (p less than 0.001 vs. controls, p = 0.022 vs. CRF), and 8.6 micrograms/l on hemodialysis (p = 0.001 vs. controls, NS vs. CRF or CAPD). Values correlated with HA only in patients on CAPD but they did not correlate with age, renal function or duration of renal replacement therapy. It is concluded that renal failure, especially long-term dialysis treatment, is associated with elevated serum concentrations of HA and--to a minor degree--PIINP. Thus, they may be a sign of altered connective tissue metabolism in patients on long-term dialysis.
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PMID:Serum hyaluronic acid and procollagen III amino terminal propeptide in chronic renal failure. 196 67

The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of urinary enzyme activity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients were divided into two groups: group A - 102 outpatients, group B-23 inpatients. Spot urine samples before breakfast from group A and aliquots of 24-hours urine collections at 4 degrees C from group B were used. Urinary enzyme activities (N-acetyl- beta-D-glucosaminidase: NAG, alkaline phosphatase: ALP, leucine aminopeptidase: LAP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: gamma-GTP) were determined by spectrophotometric assay, rate assay, Tuppy method and Orlowski method, respectively. 1) In group A, the percentage of the cases which showed higher than the normal range (NAG: 1.3-8.7, ALP: 4.2-17.7, LAP: 0-22.9 U/g. cer.) was 42.2% in NAG, 21.6% in ALP, and 8.8% in LAP. In a multiple regression analysis, the predictor variables which contributed to NAG were HbA1c, age, urinary protein and the one that contributed to ALP, LAP, gamma-GTP was urinary beta 2-microglobulin. 2) In group B, 87% of NAG was above the normal range (Mean +/- 2 SD; 4.8 +/- 3.9 U/day). There was no difference in the NAG activity between patients with and without nephropathy. The percent of high activities of ALP, LAP and gamma-GTP were 17%, 17%, 4%, respectively. Most of them were patients with nephropathy. There were correlations among ALP, LAP and gamma-GTP, though no correlation existed between NAG and the other three enzymes. These results suggested: 1) NAG reflects lysosomal dysfunction of both glomerular and proximal tubular epithelial cells which may be caused by poor glycemic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical significance of urinary enzymes in diabetes mellitus]. 197 16

Twelve consecutive patients with a solitary functioning kidney were treated for renal stone by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) with the modified Dornier HM3 lithotriptor and studied for 3 days after treatment. Urinary excretion of electrolytes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), alkaline phosphatase, kallikrein, glycosaminoglycans, albumin and beta 2-microglobulin, and clearances of creatinine, inulin and para-aminohippuric acid were determined, as were serum levels of creatinine, urea, beta 2-microglobulin and aldosterone, and plasma renin activity. Urinary flow rate, free water clearance, and urinary excretion of NAG, kallikrein and beta 2-microglobulin were significantly increased 0 to 24 hours after ESWL. The urinary excretions of alkaline phosphatase, albumin and glycosaminoglycans were unchanged. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly decreased and effective renal plasma flow was unchanged. Filtration fraction was stable. Serum lactic dehydrogenase increased significantly after ESWL and remained high through the period of observation. Serum levels of creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin and aldosterone were unaltered. A decrease in plasma renin activity immediately after treatment is explained by the water immersion and the extracellular volume expansion during treatment.
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PMID:Acute changes in renal function following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in patients with a solitary functioning kidney. 198 13

Serum levels of bone Gla-protein (BGP)--the vitamin K-dependent CA2(+)-binding protein--were evaluated in 76 cadmium (Cd)-exposed subjects with renal tubular dysfunction (32 men, 44 women) and 133 nonexposed subjects (53 men, 80 women). Serum BGP levels were higher in the Cd-exposed subjects than in nonexposed subjects. Significant correlations between BGP and each index measured by bone microdensitometry (MD), serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and Cd in blood and urine were found. For all of the Cd-exposed and nonexposed men and women, BGP showed a significant standard partial regression coefficient (multiple regression analysis) with the metacarpal index (MCI), which was one of the MD indicators. Bone Gla-protein also correlated significantly with urinary beta 2-microglobulin in the men and with serum creatinine in the women. Serum BGP values strongly reflect the degree of bone damage and also reflect, although less strongly, the degree of renal damage induced by exposure to Cd.
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PMID:Serum levels of bone Gla-protein in inhabitants exposed to environmental cadmium. 199 32


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