Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three patients who had been given a proximal gastric vagotomy and 29 patients who had had an antrectomy were examined periodically for 5 years after their operations for duodenal ulcers. Five years after surgery, 83% of the proximal gastric vagotomy patients and 86% of the antrectomy and selective vagotomy patients were included in Visick grades I-II. We found 4/24 recurrent ulcers in the vagotomy group and 1/29 in the antrectomy group; in addition 3 of the antrectomy patients had to be reoperated. Acid secretion was reduced by 54% in the vagotomy patients and by over 90% in the antrectomized patients. In the group that had had a proximal gastric vagotomy, maximal acid secretion in the insulin test decreased by 78%. Body weight did not decrease and haematological status did not worsen in either group. Intestinal absorption of fat, xylose and vitamin B12, serum calcium levels and urinary excretion did not change during the follow-up. One year after the operation, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase had risen, and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline had increased in the resected group but after five years, these values were unchanged. Mineral density of bone unchanged decreased significantly in both groups. We conclude that during five years after surgery antrectomy with selective vagotomy does not cause more metabolic disturbances than proximal gastric vagotomy, but is followed by more mechanical problems than proximal gastric vagotomy.
 ...
PMID:Late effects of proximal gastric vagotomy compared with antrectomy and selective vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer. A randomized study with 5-year follow-up. 405 46

A new method of preparation of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is described. The subcellular distribution of cytochrome b in resting and activated bovine PMN was compared to that of the O2-.-generating oxidase (assessed as NADPH cytochrome c reductase inhibited by superoxide dismutase). In resting PMN and in PMN activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), cytochrome b was located into two membrane fractions, one of which was enriched in plasma membrane and cosedimented with alkaline phosphatase, while the other consisted of a denser material cosedimenting with markers of the specific and azurophil granules, i.e. the vitamin-B12-binding protein and myeloperoxidase respectively. During activation of PMN by PMA, 15-20% cytochrome b migrated from dense granules to the plasma membrane. The distribution of the O2-. generating oxidase and cytochrome b in subcellular particles was studied during the course of phagocytosis of PMA-coated latex beads by bovine PMN. At the onset of the respiratory burst, the phagocytic vacuoles arising from internalization of the plasma membrane were enriched in oxidase and alkaline phosphatase, but their specific content of cytochrome b was limited; in contrast, cytochrome b was predominant in denser membrane fractions cosedimenting with myeloperoxidase and the vitamin-B12-binding protein. After a few minutes of phagocytosis, a fraction of light vacuoles, slightly denser than the phagocytic vacuoles, became enriched in O2-.-generating oxidase, cytochrome b, the vitamin-B12-binding protein and myeloperoxidase. These vacuoles probably arose from the fusion of the phagocytic vacuoles with dense granules. In bovine PMN supplemented with glucose and maintained in anaerobiosis, activation by PMA induced slow reduction of cytochrome b (60-70% in 15 min at 37 degrees C). Similar results were obtained with cytoplasts after activation by PMA (30% reduction in 3 min at 37 degrees C). Cytochrome b in a particulate fraction obtained by centrifugation at 100 000 X g of an homogenate of PMA-activated PMN, was slowly reduced upon addition of NADPH under anaerobiosis (less 20% in 20 min at 37 degrees C). No reduction occurred in the 100 000 X g fraction prepared from non-activated PMN. The Soret band of cytochrome b reduced by dithionite was displaced by CO only by 1-2 nm. At subsaturating concentrations, CO had no effect on the rate of O2 uptake by activated bovine PMN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The respiratory burst of bovine neutrophils. Role of a b type cytochrome and coenzyme specificity. 405 28

31 healthy Thai males, 22 Thai male regular drinkers not suffering from any clinical signs or symptoms of alcoholism, and 52 patients from a neurological hospital in Bangkok suffering from the effects of chronic alcohol consumption were investigated. Alcohol consumption in asymptomatic drinkers ranged from 7 to 134 (median 44) g/d ethanol, and for the patients 22 to 517 (median 197) g/d ethanol, as assessed by questionnaires. The symptomatic alcohol drinkers had consumed alcohol for 2 to 35 years and the hospitalized patients for 5 to 40 years. Only the median levels of serum triglycerides and serum glutamyl transferase (gamma-G) were significantly increased and vitamin B1 deficiency was found with higher frequency in the group of alcohol drinkers without clinical signs compared with the healthy non-alcohol drinkers. Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated in the group of asymptomatic alcohol drinkers only, between alcohol consumption and the Quetelet's index, gamma-G, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Alkaline phosphatase also correlated significantly with gamma-G. In the group of hospitalized patients, compared with healthy males statistically significantly higher median values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, gamma-G, aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, haemoglobin, hematocrit, folate and total protein were found. The median levels of cholesterol, bilirubin, vitamin B2, B6 and B12 in the hospitalized group were lower than, but not significantly different from the other two groups.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol consumption, liver function tests and nutritional status in Thai males. 612 Jan 45

Highly sensitive techniques have been used for the assay of a range of marker enzymes including lactase, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (brush border), and 5'-nucleotidase (basolateral membrane) in jejunal biopsy homogenates from patients with adult coeliac disease with and without steatorrhoea and from a control group. The absorption of D-xylose and vitamin B12 was compared in the two groups with coeliac disease. All enzymes assayed were equally depressed in both groups of coeliac disease as compared with the controls. The absorption of D-xylose and vitamin B12 were reduced in the patients with steatorrhoea compared with those without steatorrhoea. The findings suggest that lack of steatorrhoea in some patients with coeliac disease is due to better preservation of the ileal function rather than to a less severe jejunal mucosal injury.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme activities in jejunal biopsy samples from patients with adult coeliac disease with and without steatorrhoea. 632 31

A naturally occurring enteropathy was identified in Irish setter dogs and wheat-sensitivity was demonstrated in a litter bred from two of the affected animals. The morphological and biochemical features of this enteropathy are described and compared to coeliac disease in man. Affected animals comprised 10 dogs that presented with poor weight gain or weight loss, with or without diarrhoea. Exocrine pancreatic function was normal and culture of duodenal juice demonstrated no marked bacterial overgrowth. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were unaltered, but in some cases low serum and erythrocyte folate concentrations and reduced xylose absorption provided indirect evidence for proximal small intestinal disease. Examination of peroral jejunal biopsies revealed patchy morphological changes within individual animals, comprising predominantly partial, but in one case subtotal, villous atrophy. Brush border enzymes were selectively altered: the specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, leucyl-2-naphthylamidase and of zinc-resistant alpha-glucosidase were reduced by approximately 40 per cent, while activities of maltase, sucrase, lactase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were unaltered. Activity of a lysosomal enzyme was increased and there was evidence for enhanced lysosomal fragility. The activity of malate dehydrogenase, with a dual mitochondrial and cytoplasmic localisation, was decreased but there were no changes in the activities of marker enzymes for basal-lateral membranes, endoplasmic reticulum or peroxisomes. These findings, particularly the specific biochemical abnormalities, were comparable to those in partially treated coeliac disease in man; however, a specific role for wheat in the pathogenesis of the disease has yet to be defined.
 ...
PMID:Morphological and biochemical studies of a naturally occurring enteropathy in the Irish setter dog: a comparison with coeliac disease in man. 652 28

In 62 patients with cystic fibrosis the serum vitamin B12 concentration ranged from 160-2600 pmol/l with a mean of 1 105 pmol/l. Both vitamin B12-binding proteins in the serum, transcobalamin II and R-binders, carried increased amounts of vitamin B12, but showed relatively normal levels of unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity. This combination is rather typical for hepatic dysfunction, although the recurrent pulmonary infections might exert an upward effect on plasma R-binder concentration through increased turnover of myeloid cells. A significant positive correlation between transcobalamin II-vitamin B12 and serum alkaline phosphatase suggests that transcobalamin II-bound vitamin B12 might be an early indicator of focal biliary cirrhosis, which is known to occur in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Elevated serum vitamin B12 in cystic fibrosis. 652 65

The subcellular biochemical features of a naturally occurring enteropathy in the dog associated with bacterial overgrowth have been examined. Affected animals comprised a group of 10 German Shepherd dogs with raised serum folate and reduced vitamin B12 concentrations, mild steatorrhoea, reduced xylose absorption, and normal exocrine pancreatic function. Culture of duodenal juice showed bacterial overgrowth with mixed flora, most frequently including enterococci and Escherichia coli. Examination of peroral jejunal biopsies revealed predominantly minimal histological but distinct biochemical abnormalities in the mucosa. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased, isopycnic density gradient centrifugation showing a marked loss particularly of the brush border component of enzyme activity. In contrast, gamma-glutamyl transferase activity was enhanced in brush border fragments of slightly increased modal density, but there were no changes in the activities of the carbohydrases, zinc-resistant alpha-glucosidase, maltase, sucrase, and lactase or of the peptidase, leucyl-2-naphthylamidase. Activities of lysosomal enzymes were increased and there was evidence for enhanced lysosomal fragility and mitochondrial disruption. The activities and density gradient distributions of marker enzymes for basal-lateral membranes, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes were essentially unaltered. These findings show that bacterial colonisation of the proximal small intestine may be associated with specific alterations in microvillus membrane proteins and provide biochemical evidence for intracellular damage to the enterocytes.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical changes in the jejunal mucosa of dogs with a naturally occurring enteropathy associated with bacterial overgrowth. 674 19

This article catalogs the nutritional deficiencies inadvertently introduced by certain treatment regimens. Specifically, the iatrogenic effects on nutrition of surgery, hemodialysis, irradiation, and drugs are reviewed. Nutritional problems are particularly frequent consequences of surgery on the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric surgery can lead to deficiencies of vitamin B12, folate, iron, and thiamine, as well as to metabolic bone disease. The benefits of small bowel bypass are limited by the potentially severe nutritional consequences of this procedure. Following bypass surgery, patients should be monitored for signs of possible nutritional probems such as weight loss, neuropathy, cardiac arrhythmias, loss of stamina, or changes in mental status. Minimal laboratory tests should include hematologic evaluation, B12, folate, iron, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide levels. Roentgenologic examination of the bone should also be obtained. Loss of bone substance is a major consequence of many forms of treatment, and dietary supplementation with calcium is warranted. Patients undergoing hemodialysis have shown carnitine and choline deficiencies, potassium depletion, and hypovitaminosis, as well as osteomalacia. Chronic drug use may alter intake, synthesis, absorption, transport, storage, metabolism, or excretion of nutrients. Patients vary markedly in the metabolic effects of drugs, and recommendations for nutrition must be related to age, sex, reproductive status, and genetic endowment. Moreover, the illness being treated can itself alter nutritional requirements and the effect of the treatment on nutrient status. The changes in nutritional levels induced by use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives (OCs) are obscure; however, the effects on folate matabolism appear to be of less clinical import than previously suggested. Reduction in pyridoxine and serum vitamin B12 levels has been reported among OC users, and requirements of thiamine and riboflavin may be increased. In cases where the therapy is justified, the nutritional consequences can often be justified. However, every effort should be made to identify nutritional side effects by proper assessment procedures and to manage them by oral or parenteral supplementation where feasible.
 ...
PMID:Iatrogenic nutritional deficiencies. 676 30

Experiments were made on 140 male Wistar rats with the use of morphological, biochemical and radiometric research methods. It was established that as soon as the treatment with the anabolic drug peritol was completed, there appeared the morphological signs attesting to an increase in functional activity of vasculostromal elements of the small intestine, and the absorption rate of vitamin B12 got intensified. Activity of enzymes responsible for parietal digestion (alkaline phosphatase, invertase), absorption of 59Fe-citrate and 131I-albumin were unchanged. No substantial changes were revealed on the part of the morphology and function of the small intestine in the long-term period after peritol administration.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of peritol on the functional and morphological characteristics of the small intestine in rats]. 686 92

A cell line (PA I), derived from human ovarian teratocarcinoma cells, was obtained by culturing ascitic fluid cells from a patient with recurrence of malignant ovarian teratoma. During early passages the cultured cells showed a variable morphology, a long doubling time, and a low plating efficiency (2%). After about 50 passages in vitro, a cell population which was more homogeneous and resembled embryonal carcinoma cells were obtained. These cells had a shorter doubling time (26 h), and increased plating efficiency (77%). The early-passage cells were aneuploid (P 24) whereas the late-passage cells had a normal diploid karyotype with one balanced translocation between chromosomes No. 15 and No. 20 (P 224). Details of the karyotype suggest that the cells are heterozygous, i.e. derived from a stage before the first meiotic division. One of the two X chromosomes were inactive, and the cells expressed HLA antigens (A28 and B12), and beta 2-microglobulin. Expression of F9 antigen, characteristic of two-cell and later preimplantation embryos, was absent, while expression of PCC4 antigen, expressed also by blastocysts, was present. This finding suggests that the line might express some embryonic characteristics. The PA I cell line maintained in monolayer cultures showed several characteristics of malignant cells. The proportion of malignant cells increased with successive passages in vitro. The late-passage cells represented a fairly homogenous population of malignant cells similar to embryonal carcinoma cells. Late-passage PA I cells, when seeded under conditions that prevented attachment of cells to the substratum, formed embryoid bodies consisting of an inner core of cells similar to embryonal carcinoma cells, surrounded by a rind of endoderm-like cells. These two cell layers were separated by a basement membrane-like structure containing fibronectin. The core embryonal carcinoma cells expressed high alkaline phosphatase activity whereas the endoderm-like cells had low alkaline phosphatase activity. Embryoid bodies seeded on an adhesive substratum formed polycystic structures divided by layers of epithelial-like cells and containing extracellular fibrils similar to collagen type I or III. In these cultures, further limited differentiation into endoderm-like, epithelial-like cells and pigmented cells was observed. Morphological differenciation of undifferentiated PA I cells into endoderm-like cells in monolayer cultures could be obtained by treatment with BrdUrd or by plating in low serum concentration and at low density. Cells with characteristic fibrillar distribution of fibronectin and actin microfilament bundles were then observed, indicating formation of cells lacking properties of malignant cells. As indicated by these results, the PA I cell line, in spite of a limited capacity to differentiate in vitro, shares some of the properties of mouse teratocarcinoma cell lines and might therefore serve as a useful model for studies on some developmental mechanisms in human cells.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of a human ovarian teratocarcinoma-derived cell line. 693 Nov 3


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>