Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review has concentrated on clinical syndromes for which a congenital basis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil dysfunction has been identified. The first clinical syndrome found to be associated with dysfunctional polymorphs was chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Identification of a cellular defect in oxidative metabolism and microbicidal activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from patients with CGD stimulated intense investigation of the function of phagocytes in several clinical entities characterized by increased susceptibility to infection. Other diseases with a probable congenital basis for polymorph dysfunction include Chediak-Higashi syndrome, myeloperoxidase deficiency, severe glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Down's syndrome. Functional defects have also been identified in neutrophils with morphologic abnormalities, such as the Pelger-Huet anomaly and the May-Hegglin anomaly, and in neutrophils without alkaline phosphatase or with a disorder of the glutathione system. The evidence for a relation between these cellular disorders and susceptibility to infection is tentative. Patients with congenital disorders of polymorphonuclear neutrophil microbicidal function frequently suffer prolonged infections in spite of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and severe lesions recur with discouraging frequency. These lesions are usually soft tissue or bone abscesses, and the etiologic agents are typically staphylococci, gram-negative enteric species, or fungi. The infectious disease problems of patients with phagocytic cell disorders are usually quite distinct from the problems of patients without immunoglobulins or with complement deficiency. Patients with agammaglobulinemia, for example, suffer recurrent septicemia or meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumonia or H. influenzae. Septicemia, especially with the pyogenic bacterial species, is unusual in patients with polymorphoinuclear dysfunction. A major contribution of the currently intense investigation of cells from patients with congenital disorders of phagocyte function has been the greatly increased understanding of the molecular events necessary for the normal function of these cells. The role of the oxidative metabolic burst during phagocytosis has been clearly identified as essential to the microbicidal function of polymorphs and monocytes, and the glutathione system has been identified as essential to the regulation of these oxidative reactions. It is anticipated that these studies may lead to practical methods for "stimulating the phagocytes" in patients with increased susceptibility to infection.
...
PMID:Congenital disorders of the function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. 625 30

Alteration of the surface of human neutrophils with the nonpenetrating, protein-inactivating agent p-diazobenzenesulfonic acid (DASA) was found to prevent activation of the respiratory burst by some stimuli, but not others. Production of superoxide anion (O2-) stimulated by concanavalin A or the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine FMLP was inhibited by DASA pretreatment, whereas O2- production stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), sodium fluoride. or the ionophore A23187 was not inhibited by DASA. Pretreatment with DASA inhibited oxygen uptake stimulated by FMLP, but not oxygen uptake stimulated by PMA. DASA reproducibly inhibited activities of two known surface enzymes Mg++-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase, by 45-55% and 60-70%, respectively. The inhibition by DASA of O2- production did not appear to be caused by interference with binding of the affected stimuli, since pretreatment with DASA did not inhibit release of the lysosomal enzymes lysozyme and myeloperoxidase induced by concanavalin A or FMLP. Membrane-rich particulate fractions from neutrophils have been shown to contain NADPH-dependent oxidative activity that is presumably responsible for the phagocytosis-associated respiratory burst of intact cells. The PMA-activated enzyme was susceptible to inhibition of directly exposed to DASA in this particulate fraction. These findings suggest that more than one mechanism exists for activation of the respiratory burst oxidase in human neutrophils, and that the neutrophil possesses at least one oxidase that is not an ectoenzyme.
...
PMID:Respiratory burst enzyme in human neutrophils. Evidence for multiple mechanisms of activation. 625 8

In 50 workers of a non-iron metallurgic plant exposed in their work to lead and trace amounts of cadmium and zinc cytochemical reactions were carried out in peripheral blood granulocytes. The control group comprised 30 men. In the investigations the degree of intoxication with lead compounds and the effect of the length of exposure ion the cytochemical reactions were taken into account. It was observed in these investigations that chronic exposure to lead and trace amounts of the remaining elements caused changes in the activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and MOP. In particular, a significant fall of MOP and acid phosphatase activity and increased LDH activity in subjects exposed to lead with biochemical evidence of lead absorption deserve attention. With longer exposure to lead the activity of MPO decreased in workers with evidence of lead absorption.
...
PMID:[Cytochemical studies of peripheral blood granulocytes of workers with occupational exposure to lead compounds]. 627 22

Preliminary results of comparative characterization of the functional activity of leukocytes by cytochemical, virologic, immunologic, and clinical methods of examinations in institutionalized young infants are summarized. The observations covered 100 infants varying in ages from 1 to 3 years with frequent and rare incidence of respiratory diseases. The diagnosis of influenza had been confirmed by serological methods: CFT and ELISA. Infants with positive serodiagnosis were selected for further studies. The functional status of leukocytes was determined by the interferon leukocyte test (ILT), alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities. The results presented in the Tables have shown the infants frequently suffering from ARVD to have low values of ILT and higher values of alkaline phosphatase activity but low myeloperoxidase activity. More resistant infants with rare incidence of ARVD had high ILT, high myeloperoxidase activity and low alkaline activity. It is suggested that alkaline activity of leukocytes alone may be of informative value.
...
PMID:[Leukocyte function as one of the indices of resistance to influenza in children]. 630 26

In 25 patients (10 women and 15 men) aged 37 to 68 years activity of the following enzymes has been determined by the use of semiquantitative cytochemical methods: acid and alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and myeloperoxidase. Additionally the content of glycogen and lipids has been determined in the cells studied. An increase of the myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase activity and a decrease of the glycogen and the lipid content has been stated in neutrophils of the patients. Above alterations may reflect antitumor reactivity of neutrophils or nonspecific neutrophil response against inflammatory changes accompanying the tumor area.
...
PMID:Enzymes of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with cancer of the stomach. 631 12

Administration of methyluracil (20 mg/kg), dibasol (2 mg/kg), prodigiosan (5 micrograms/kg) and levamisole (2.5 mg/kg) to rabbits was followed by stimulation of phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils. As regards the degree of the effect, the drugs might be arranged in the following way: prodigiosan greater than levamisole greater than methyluracil greater than dibazol. The induction effects of levamisole and prodigiosan on the activity of the myeloperoxidase bactericidal system and alkaline phosphatase in leukocytes correlated with an increase in their functional activity. In contrast to the drugs indicated, the phagocytosis-stimulating action of methyluracil on peripheral blood neutrophils was not apparently mediated via the bactericidal systems studied but via other mechanisms one of which might be activation of nucleo- and proteinosynthesis. In the dose indicated dibasol did not produce any essential effect on the phagocytic response and intracellular bactericidal systems of phagocytes. All the drugs under study did not produce any effect on the neutrophil content of non-enzymatic cation proteins.
...
PMID:[Effect of a number of immunostimulating preparations on the intracellular bactericidal systems of peripheral blood neutrophils]. 632 16

A functional state of neutrophils was studied by their ability to chemotaxis and phagocytosis as well as their enzymatic activity (myeloperoxidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, glycogen, cation proteins) of 13 patients with malignant neoplasms in dynamics (before and 2 weeks after the radical operation) was studied. Decreasing of all investigated parameters before the operation and significant increasing of chemotaxis and phagocytosis after the operation were revealed.
...
PMID:[Functional and histochemical parameters of the neutrophil state in patients with malignant tumors]. 649 52

To show possible mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of rifampicin, lincomycin and methicillin on the functional activity of the phagocytes, their effect on the intracellular bactericidal systems and the state of the regulatory function of the macrophages in the immunogenesis were studied. Correlation between the decrease in the values of the phagocytosis completeness and the changes in the activity of the myeloperoxidase bactericidal system and the alkaline phosphatase in the neutrophilic granulocytes was shown. The decrease in the number of the antibody producers at the maximum level of the immune response to administration of sheep red cells as the test antigen due to rifampicin or lincomycin was not accompanied by impairment of the immune regulatory function of the macrophages.
...
PMID:[Phagocyte functional activity and bactericidal systems after exposure to rifampicin, lincomycin and methicillin]. 668 46

Rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulate radioactivity when incubated with 17 microM L[4,5-3H]leucine methyl ester; only low levels of accumulation are observed when the cells are incubated with equivalent amounts of labeled D-leucine methyl ester or the free amino acid, L-leucine. More than 98% of the intracellular radioactivity of cells incubated with leucine methyl ester is in the form of leucine. When cells that had been preincubated with L-leucine methyl ester were disrupted by sonication, 72% of the intracellular radioactivity could be trapped on glass fiber filters, indicating that the leucine had accumulated within a particulate intracellular compartment. Granule preparations obtained from the polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulated leucine in the presence of leucine methyl ester in a manner similar to the intact cells. Separation by density gradient centrifugation of the granules obtained from cells preincubated with labeled leucine methyl ester revealed a nearly exact correspondence between the density distribution of accumulated radioactivity and that for beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme localized with the azurophilic subpopulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules; there was no such correspondence with the activity of alkaline phosphatase, a marker for the specific granules. The results indicate that the azurophilic granules represent the intracellular site of leucine accumulation by the intact cells. This conclusion is supported by the effects of millimolar concentrations of amino acid methyl ester, which cause a dramatic loss of latency for the activities of the azurophilic granule enzymes beta-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase but have no effect upon the latency of the specific granule enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Leucine accumulation by the intact cells is 80% inhibited by 0.1 mM chloroquine and 50% inhibited by 20 mM NH4Cl and methylamine, lysosomotropic agents that elevate the intralysosomal pH. These observations suggest that the azurophilic granules of these cells, generally considered to be primary lysosomes, are internally acidified.
...
PMID:Accumulation of amino acids within intracellular lysosomes of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated with amino acid methyl esters. Evidence for the internal acidification of azurophilic granules. 668 51

Dose-dependent increases in alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities, decreases in myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophils and depression of lymphocyte glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were discovered in rat nephropathy induced by mercuric chloride at doses of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg. These changes manifest the intensity of the oxidation-reduction process, the reduction of Kreb's cycle and alpha-glycerophosphatic shunt, the damage by peroxidation and the increase in catabolic processes. The morphometric data of nephron structure reflected the functional cell stress and they were compared with leucocyte enzyme status changes.
...
PMID:Some aspects of testing drugs for nephrotoxicity in rats. 677 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---