Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lysed granule fraction was prepared from splenic adherent cells from 0-day-old to 2-month-old chickens and was examined antibacterial activity to Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella sentfenberg. The activity of lysed granule fraction from 2-month-old chickens was exhibited at pH 5.0 but not exhibited at pH 6.0 or 7.0 to both serotypes of Salmonella. At pH 5.0, lysed granule fraction from 0-day-old chickens revealed little antibacterial activity to S. pullorum but the activity increased with increasing age. At 240 min of incubation, 60% and 95% of S. pullorum were inactivated in lysed granule fractions from 7-day-old and 2-month-old chickens, respectively. High antibacterial activity to S. senftenberg was observed in lysed granule fraction from 2-month-old chickens in which 99.6% of the bacteria was inactivated during 240 min; In lysed granule fractions from 0-day old and 7-day-old chickens, 90% of S. senftenberg was inactivated during 60 min but the number of bacteria increased conversely after incubation for 240 min. Changes in enzymatic activities of 4 enzymes in the lysed granule fractions from various ages of chickens were examined. beta-Glucronidase increased statistically significantly to 2.4 and 7.6 times from 0-day-old to 7-day-old and 2-month-old chickens, respectively. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase increased slightly but not significantly different, and enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase was scarcely detected.
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PMID:Age-dependent resistance of chicken of Salmonella in vitro: antibacterial activity of lysed granule fraction of splenic adherent cells. 1 89

Isopycnic sedimentation has been used to separate granulocytes of varying stages of maturity from the bone marrows of normal rabbits and rabbits stimulated to undergo an intense inflammatory response. The separated cell populations were in turn utilized to study the specific activities of six intracellular enzymes. The study revealed an increase with cell maturation in the specific activities of myeloperoxidase, NADPH oxidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in normal animals; in stimulated animals only myeloperoxidase and NADPH oxidase increased significantly with cell maturation. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed no change in specific activity in all animals studied. Malate dehydrogenase tended to show a specific activity decrease in the maturing cells of normal but not in those of stimulated animals.
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PMID:Characterization of marrow granulocyte development: enzyme-specific activity profiles in response to inflammatory reactions. 2 66

A transplantable myelogenous leukemia of an inbred Wistar/Furth rat has been established in tissue culture and cloned. The resulting transplantable leukemia line demonstrates in vitro doubling time of 20 hr, colony-forming efficiency of 5% in liquid and methylcellulos-containing medium, and a saturation density of 3.0 x 106 cells/sq cm in liquid medium. Following intraperitoneal inoculation, newborn rats developed solid tumors, ascities, and leukemia with ld50 of5 x 103 cells and mean latency of 60 days. The tumor cell morphology was consistent with that of acute myelogenous leukemia. Histochemical staining for myeloid enzymes revealed no evidence of myeloperoxidase, esterase, or leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; however, fluorescent antibody staining for lysozyme was markedly positive. Serum, urine, and ascitic fluid from rats with transplanted leukemia also contained elevated levels of lysozyme. There was no detectable type-CRNA virus production by this cell line after as long as 100 days in vitro. This inbred rat myelogenous leukemia should provide a useful model for studies of chemotherapy and immunoltherapy of human acute myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia of the Wistar/Furth rat: establishment of a continuous tissue culture line producing lysozyme in vitro and in vivo. 4 87

Four cytochemical reactions widely used for hematological diagnosis (Myeloperoxydase, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, PAS and Sudan Black) were carried out in 46 infants admitted into a neonatology unit (14 preterm babies, 19 small for date newborn infants (SDB) and 13 preterm with retarded intra-uterine growth). The MPO, polymorphonuclear PAS and Sudan Black levels are comparable in the three groups of infants and the same as in normal full-term newborn babies. On the other hand, the LAP level, identical in preterms and SDB, is lower than in full-term infants but higher than in adults. Lymphocyte PAS value increases progressively with age. Better interpretation of results would be gained with knowledge of normal ranges for these four parameters in children. The authors suggest that these reactions should be used in the field of general metabolic diseases, susceptibility to infection and genetic diseases with or without chromosal abnomaly.
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PMID:Leukocyte cytochemical reactions in preterm and small for date babies. 6 99

Rat chloroma cells have been propagated in permanent suspension cultures and are grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal calf serum and 2.5% horse serum. Several lines have been established; the one of longest duration, Mia C51, has been maintained for over 18 months and has undergone over 100 transfers. Mia C51 cells have a doubling time of 12 hr and maintain many of the properties of the parent tumor, including the characteristic greenish color with high myeloperoxidase activity, an an aneuploid chromosomal pattern, and intact tumorigenicity. They will uniformly produce greenish chloroma tumors when injected into newborn rats. Electron microscopic examination of chloroma tumors and the cultured cells derived from them reveal the presence of extracellular mature and immature type C virus particles morphologically typical of oncornaviruses. Chloroma cells obtained from tumors that lost their alkaline phosphatase activity after repeated transfer regain full activity in culture. Studies using the antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis indicate that the loss of alkaline phosphatase activity represents a true decrease in alkaline phosphatase protein, which is restored under culture conditions. The availability of a permanent chloroma cell line in culture that maintains the biological properties of the parent tumor provides a useful model for the study of myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:Characteristics of rat carcinoma in culture. 16 71

A cell-line derived from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is described. The new cell-line, which has over 175 serial passanges in a 3 1/2-yr period, has the following characteristics: (1) CML cells started to proliferate actively since they were first incubated in culture media. A threefold increase in the total number of cells was observed during the first seven passages; the cell population increased by a factor of 10 to 20 every 7 days from passage 8 through 85; from 20 to 40 times from passage 86 through 150, and more than 40 times after 150 passages. (2) The majority of the nononucleated cells are undifferentiated blasts. (3) The karyotype of all the cells examined show the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome and a long acrocentric marker plus aneuploidy. The Giemsa-banding studies identified the Ph1 chromosome as a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 22:del(22)(q12) and the long acrocentric marker as an unbalanced reciprocal translocation of one chromosome 17 and the long arm of one chromosome 15. (4) The CML cells do not produce immunoglobulins, are free of mycoplasma, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes-like virus particles. (5) CML cells have no alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities and did not engulf inert particles. (6) Cultured CML cells provide a constant source of a specific antigen. This CML cell-line represents a unique source of CML cells with meaningful indicators of malignancy for clinical and experimental studies.
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PMID:Human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell-line with positive Philadelphia chromosome. 16 58

Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) neutrophils were shown to contain the azurophilic granule maker enzymes myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase but were deficient in the specific granule markers alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme. Isopycnic centrifugation of leukocyte homogenates on linear sucrose gradients resulted in cosedimentation of myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase with an equilibrium density of 1.18. After an intravenous inoculation of monkeys with Salmonella typhimurium AKP activity became marked, whereas that of beta-glucuronidase decreased and myeloperoxidase remained unchanged. Lysozyme was undetected throughout the course of the experiment, but was present in oil-induced peritoneal macrophages and peripheral mononuclear cells. The induced AKP exhibited partial latency and had an equilibrium density of 1.15. It is unclear, however, whether the induced AKP is associated with specific granules or cytoplasmic membranes. Hence, while these data are consistent with the presence of azurophilic granules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils from infected monkeys, the presence of specific granules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils of both uninfected and infected monkeys remains moot.
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PMID:Characterization of monkey peripheral neutrophil granules during infection. 17 Feb 8

A method of blood granylocyte concentration and isolation of granules from both normal and neutropenic Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) patients is described. the intracellular distribution of activity for several hydrolases in CHS granulocytes differs from normal; significantly more activity is present in the cytoplasmic fraction and correspondingly less is granule-associated. Isolated CHS granules are not more sensitive to the labilizing agents vitamin A, progesterone, or etiocholanolone. Specific activities of myeloperoxidase and ss-glucuronidase in CHS granulocytes are lower than normal while alkaline phosphatase is elevated. Other lysosomal enzyme activities are normal. Lysosomal enzyme distribution and content are similar in CHS and normal mononuclear cells. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzymes in normal and Chediak-Higashi blood leukocytes. 17 Mar 48

The functional significance of granule enzymes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is not fully understood because of the multiplicity of the enzymes and the rare occurrence of deficiencies in man. In order to select appropriate laboratory animals for functional studies, a phylogenetic comparison of enzyme levels in animal and human PMN was undertaken. Neutrophils were obtained from a variety of laboratory animals and man; the activities of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and beta-glucuronidase were determined by histochemical and analytical techniques. Marked interspecies differences in enzyme activity were found; many species were deficient in alkaline phosphatase or lysozyme. Differences in pH optima and metal requirements of alkaline phosphatase were not of sufficient magnitude to explain the variations of this enzyme.
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PMID:Granule enzymes of polymorphonuclear neutrophils: A phylogenetic comparison. 17 39

The morphology, cytochemistry, metabolism, and bactericidal function of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from a patient with subacute myelogenous leukemia were evaluated. The patient's mature PMN were deficient in granules and staining reactivity for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (LAP). These cells killed Staphylococcus aureus in an abnormal pattern when they were challenged with various increasing multiples of bacteria per neutrophil. At a low ratio of challenge (1.25 bacteria per neutrophil) the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN killed only 18 +/- 6 per cent (mean +/- 1 S.D.) (normal, 79 +/- 7) of the initial bacterial inoculum. As the PMN were challenged with higher ratios of bacteria per cell, the bactericidal effectiveness of the hypogranular PMN improved. At a 50:1 ratio the patient's cells killed within the normal range (28 +/- 10 per cent vs. normal of 48 +/- [mean +/- 1 S.D.]). Although rates of glucose oxidation and oxygen consumption by patient or control PMN stimulated with comparable ratios of heat-killed bacteria were the same, only minimal metabolic enhancement was produced in the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN by lower ratios. In contrast, higher ratios produced a marked increase in both of these metabolic activities indicating a major metabolic response to multiple ingestions by the patient's PMN. These observations may reflect the activation of compensatory microbicidal mechanisms available to the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN only when challenged by large multiples of bacteria.
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PMID:Abnormal pattern of bactericidal activity of neutrophils deficient in granules, myeloperoxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. 18 7


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