Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gaseous CO2 was used as an antisolvent to induce the fractional precipitation of alkaline phosphatase, insulin, lysozyme, ribonuclease, trypsin, and their mixtures from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Compressed CO2 was added continuously and isothermally to stationary DMSO solutions (gaseous antisolvent, GAS). Dissolution of CO2 was accompanied by a pronounced, pressure-dependent volumetric expansion of DMSO and a consequent reduction in solvent strength of DMSO towards dissolved proteins. View cell experiments were conducted to determine the pressures at which various proteins precipitate from DMSO. The solubility of each protein in CO2-expanded DMSO was different, illustrating the potential to separate and purify proteins using gaseous antisolvents. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) was used to quantify the separation of lysozyme from ribonuclease, alkaline phosphatase from insulin, and trypsin from catalase. Lysozyme biological activity assays were also performed to determine the composition of precipitates from DMSO initially containing lysozyme and ribonuclease. SDS-PAGE characterizations suggest that the composition and purity of solid-phase precipitated from a solution containing multiple proteins may be accurately controlled through the antisolvent's pressure. Insulin, lysozyme, ribonuclease, and trypsin precipitates recovered substantial amounts of biological activity upon redissolution in aqueous media. Alkaline phosphatase, however, was irreversibly denaturated. Vapor-phase antisolvents, which are easily separated and recovered from proteins and liquid solvents upon depressurization, appear to be a reliable and effective means of selectively precipitating proteins.
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PMID:Protein purification with vapor-phase carbon dioxide. 1009 36

A retrospective study evaluated the influence of sex and age on plasma biochemistry and haematology parameters in a captive-bred colony of baboons. Over 1,140 ETDA and heparin blood samples were obtained from 160 clinically normal baboons between the ages of 11 months and 11 years. Data for these blood tests were analysed for the effects of sex, age and sex age interactions. Sex, age and sex age interactions were detected for many plasma biochemistry and haematological parameters. The reference range values for platelets, white-blood cells and mean corpuscular volume and plasma chloride, glucose, total protein and iron were higher (P < 0.01) and red blood cell, plasma sodium, potassium, total CO2, creatinine, urea, total bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphate, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and phosphate were lower (P < 0.01) in the female compared to the male population. Sex age interactions (P < 0.05) were seen with haemoglobin, white blood cells, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, sodium, creatinine, urea, calcium, phosphate, total bilirubin, total protein alkaline phosphatase, the liver enzymes and triglycerides. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was highest ( > 800 micro/l) in young juveniles of both sexes; creatinine was higher in older ( > 4 years) compared to younger baboons of the same sex (P < 0.05). Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were greater (P < 0.01) in young baboons compared to older animals.
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PMID:Biochemistry and haematology values for the baboon (Papio hamadryas): the effects of sex, growth, development and age. 1037 37

Correction of acidosis in hemodialysis patients increases the sensitivity of the parathyroid glands to calcium. In this study, the parathyroid response to the correction of acidosis in eight hemodialysis patients was determined by performing dynamic assessment of parathyroid function before and after the correction of acidosis. The parathyroid response to intravenous calcitriol before and after the correction of acidosis was also assessed. After optimal correction of acidosis, there were no significant changes in blood pH, ionized calcium, phosphate, or alkaline phosphatase values, but the level of venous total CO2 increased significantly. Parathyroid hormone/ionized calcium curves were displaced downward after correction of acidosis, but not after the administration of intravenous calcitriol. The correction of metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism can suppress parathyroid hormone secretion by increasing the sensitivity of the parathyroid glands to ionized calcium.
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PMID:Correction of acidosis in hemodialysis patients increases the sensitivity of the parathyroid glands to calcium. 1049 92

This study describes the baseline haematology and serum chemistry values found in non-pregnant, pregnant (gestational days [GD] 2-21) and lactating (postnatal days 1-9) Sprague Dawley rats (n = 3-10/day) from the NCTR breeding colony of Crl:COBS CD(SD)BR strain. Maternal body weights on GD0 ranged from 250 to 300 g. Multiple analytes were measured in both whole blood and serum of dams. Amniotic fluid, fetal serum, and postnatal pup serum analyte values were also acquired. Maternal blood was collected from the heart under subterminal carbon dioxide (CO2) anaesthesia. Most pregnant dam blood values were not appreciably different from values for non-pregnant dams until near term; near-term values for some analytes (red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, total protein, glucose, total bilirubin, sodium, and chloride) decreased but returned to near-normal values soon after delivery. The most dramatic change was a three-fold elevation of serum triglyceride levels near term with a subsequent decrease at birth. Most serum chemistry analytes measured in progeny increased after birth except for alkaline phosphatase, calcium and potassium levels which decreased.
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PMID:Haematology and serum chemistry parameters of the pregnant rat. 1078 Aug 48

The Olympus AU400 analyser (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) is an automated chemistry instrument for turbidimetric, spectrophotometric and ion selective electrode measurements. Overall analytical performances of the AU400 and the reagents provided by Olympus were evaluated according to the French Society of Clinical Biology guidelines. Twenty parameters including specific proteins, substrates, enzyme activities and electrolytes were tested. The linearity exceeded the specifications given by the manufacturer. Within- and between-run imprecision (CV%), evaluated at two levels, was below 1.5% for ion selective electrode parameters and 3% for other analytes, except for CO2, alkaline phosphatase at low levels and magnesium. Results compared well with those obtained with the analysers routinely used in our laboratory (Behring BNII, Olympus AU800 and Beckman CX3 Delta). The usual positive interferences from lipaemia and haemoglobin on total protein measurement were observed. Creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase assays were the subject of positive and negative interference by haemoglobin, respectively. There was a negative interference by bilirubin in the uric acid, aspartate-amino transferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase assays and a positive interference in the calcium assay. The system was found to be very easy to use and the workstation is user-friendly.
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PMID:Evaluation of the clinical chemistry analyser Olympus AU400. 1143 99

The addition of CO2 to raw milk and dairy products controls the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria at refrigeration temperatures. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dissolved CO2 in milk on the performance of four important routine testing methods: antibiotic residue test, freezing point test, infrared milk component analysis, and alkaline phosphatase test. Raw or pasteurized whole milk was carbonated at <4 degrees C to contain approximately 0 (control), 200, 400, 600, and 1000 ppm of CO2. The addition of CO2 to raw milk up to 1000 ppm had no effect on the performance of the three antibiotic (beta-lactams) residue tests: IDEXX SNAP, Charm II Sequential Tablet, and Delvo-P Ampule. Milk freezing point decreased linearly with increasing concentration of dissolved CO2, from -0.543 degrees H (control) to -0.595 degrees H (1000 ppm). Carbonation to 1000 ppm decreased milk pH (measured at 38 degrees C) from 6.61 (control) to 6.15 (1000 ppm). The effects of CO2 on milk freezing point and pH were reversible upon removal of dissolved CO2. Increased CO2 levels in milk changed the infrared absorption spectrum of milk and caused the corrected lactose readings to decrease and the corrected fat B readings to increase. For the alkaline phosphatase tests, 0 (none), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% raw milk were deliberately added to pasteurized milks of six levels of carbonation (0 to 1000 ppm). The addition of CO2 did not influence the ability of Fluorophos, Charm PasLite, and Scharer Modified Rapid tests to differentiate between a pasteurized milk and a pasteurized milk with raw milk contamination.
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PMID:Impact of CO2 addition to milk on selected analytical testing methods. 1157 74

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) of 30 mmHg lasting 24 h in a porcine model will lead to a condition comparable with the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in humans. We examined 12 intubated and anesthetized domestic pigs with a mean body weight of 52.5 +/- 4.9 kg. Using a CO2 pneumoperitoneum, the IAP was increased to 30 mmHg (study group, n = 6) for an investigation period of 24 h. In the control group, the IAP remained unchanged. Investigated parameters were cardiac output (CO), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), urine output (UO), as well as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase (AP). Additionally, histopathological examinations were performed. In the study group, CO was significantly reduced compared with the control group. All animals of this group became anuric and their PIP exceeded 40 cm H2O. Furthermore, ALT, AP, lipase, and lactate were significantly increased. Histopathologically, high-grade atelectasis in the lower lobes of the lung together with medium grade liver necrosis, medium grade proximal tubular epithelial necrosis, and medium grade mucosal bowel damage were observed. In this porcine model, an intra-abdominal pressure of 30 mmHg led to a condition comparable with the ACS. Because function or integrity of additional organ systems was impaired, an IAP of 30 mmHg has to be considered a predisposition for the multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in this porcine model.
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PMID:A porcine model of the abdominal compartment syndrome. 1239 74

A cross-sectional study was developed with 100 of the first-time pre-dialysis patients visiting the Princesa University Hospital's Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) unit, with the aim of analysing various parameters of osteodystrophy at this time. Parameters evaluated were: age, gender, renal function, osteodystrophy serum parameters, comorbidity index (ICED) and the patients' origin to establish correlations between these parameters. Mean iPTH levels were higher irrespective of the patients' origin, and were significantly higher in men than in women, the former also having poorer renal function and higher comorbidity score. The mean levels of calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase and CO2 did not justify this rise in iPTH. Nutritional parameters NPNA and albumin were adequate in spite of ageing. At early stages of ESRD, iPTH could be elevated and ACKD units play an important part its early detection and subsequent treatment.
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PMID:[Evaluation of osteodystrophy parameters in a pre-dialysis unit]. 1277 53

Bartter's syndrome is characterized by hypochloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis associated with renal potassium leakage, and normal blood pressure despite increased plasma renin activity. Although association of empty sella with Gitelman syndrome has been reported, no association has been reported with Bartter's syndrome. Here we report a patient with Bartter's syndrome and empty sella. A 12 month-old male patient presented with a history of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation, and edema in the lower extremities that had begun in the early postnatal period. The patient was born at 32 weeks gestation by operative delivery for polyhydramnios. Blood pressure was normal. Serum sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, chloride, albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels were 129 mEq/l, 2.5 mEq/l, 9 mg/dl, 3.8 mg/dl, 72 mg/dl, 4.2 g/dl and 1285 IU/l, respectively. Serum magnesium level was normal. Arterial blood gas levels revealed pH 7.55 (normal, 7.35-7.45), PCO2 33.6 mm/Hg (36-46), base excess +7.1 (+/- 2.3), and total CO2 33.6 mmol/l (23-27). Renin and aldosterone levels were elevated. Urine had pH 8.0 and specific gravity 1.010. Urinary calcium excretion was 22.8 kg/day (urine calcium/creatinine ratio 0.46). Urinary potassium and chloride levels were elevated. MRI of the brain was normal except for partially empty sella. We present the first pediatric patient with the association of Bartter's syndrome and empty sella.
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PMID:Association of Bartter's syndrome and empty sella. 1451 87

The maximum growth rate (1.4-2 x 10(5) cells ml(-1) d(-1)), cell final yields (2.6-5.2 x 10(5) cells ml(-1)) and extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity (2.4-10.6 microg phosphate released ml(-1) h(-1)) of the red tide alga, Skeletonema costatum, increased when Zn2+ was increased from 0 to 24 pM, but decreased with 66 pM Zn2+ in growth medium with glycerophosphate as the sole phosphorus source. Extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity and the affinity for HCO3- and CO2 uptake increased when Zn2+ was increased from 0 to 12 pM, but then decreased at higher concentrations. The results suggested that utilization of organic phosphate required more Zn2+ than the uptake of inorganic carbon did, while utilization of dissolved inorganic carbon by Skeletonema costatum was very sensitive to Zn2+ concentration variations.
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PMID:Improved use of organic phosphate by Skeletonema costatum through regulation of Zn2+ concentrations. 1519 76


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