Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical course of 40 patients with histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma was reviewed. The majority had symptoms and signs suggesting abdominal malignancy; these included abdominal pain, weight loss, tenderness in the right upper quadrant, hepatomegaly, and fever. The most useful diagnostic tests were determination of serum alkaline phosphatase level, sodium sulfobromophthalein (Bromsulphalein) excretion, and liver scan. Prothrombin time and bilirubin levels were normal or only slightly elevated. Celiac angiography was helpful in determining the extent of the disease. Surgical exploration was done in 25% of the cases, but in only 5% was resection attempted. The grim prognosis is indicated by the fact that only 10% of patients were alive six months after admission to the hospital.
South Med J 1975 Dec
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinical study. 17 24

The functional significance of granule enzymes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is not fully understood because of the multiplicity of the enzymes and the rare occurrence of deficiencies in man. In order to select appropriate laboratory animals for functional studies, a phylogenetic comparison of enzyme levels in animal and human PMN was undertaken. Neutrophils were obtained from a variety of laboratory animals and man; the activities of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and beta-glucuronidase were determined by histochemical and analytical techniques. Marked interspecies differences in enzyme activity were found; many species were deficient in alkaline phosphatase or lysozyme. Differences in pH optima and metal requirements of alkaline phosphatase were not of sufficient magnitude to explain the variations of this enzyme.
Blood 1975 Dec
PMID:Granule enzymes of polymorphonuclear neutrophils: A phylogenetic comparison. 17 39

Calcium and folic acid absorption were studied in 28 adult male epileptics on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. In 16 patients on diphenylhydantoin alone, calcium absorption was abnormal in 9. In 12 patients on both diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital, calcium absorption was abnormal in 3 patients. Folic acid (3H-PGA) absorption was normal in all but one patient, while serum folate (less than 6.4 ng/ml) was reduced in all patients. Hypocalcemia (less than 8.5 mg/100 ml) occurred in only 2 patients, while serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 7 patients. These findings support the proposal that rickets and osteomalacia reported in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy results from reduced calcium absorption. The effect of these drugs appears to be the acceleration of the metabolism of vitamin D and an increase in the excretion of polar metabolites. This may result in reduced levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol which are necessary for normal absorption of calcium. Since calcium absorption may be impaired secondary to a relative vitamin D deficiency, a supplemental increase in vitamin D intake by patients on anticonvulsant drugs is recommended.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975 Dec
PMID:Calcium and folic acid absorption in patients taking anticonvulsant drugs. 17 36

The P4 variant of Dictyostelium discoideum is characterized by the production of fruiting structures in which the overall proportion of stalk to spore material is increased, relative to the wild type. The altered morphology of the mutant is due to increased sensitivity to cyclic AMP which promotes stalk cell differentiation. In the presence of 10-4 M-cyclic AMP the entire population of P4 amoebae forms clumps of stalk cells on the surface of the dialysis membrane support. Measurement of changes in activity of a range of developmentally-regulated enzymes during the development of P4 in the presence and absence of cyclic AMP has allowed us to identify three classes of enzyme: (i) Those, such as beta-glucosidase II, trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase and uridine diphosphogalactose-4-epimerase, which are required for the production of spores. (ii) Enzymes, primarily but perhaps not exclusively, required during stalk cell formation. Typical of these are N-acetylglucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase. (iii) General enzymes, such as threonine dehydrase, alpha-mannosidase and uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophyosphorylase, which are present inboth pre-stalk and pre-spore cells and appear to be necessary for the development of both cell types.
J Gen Microbiol 1975 Dec
PMID:Enzyme activity changes during cyclic AMP-induced stalk cell differentiation in P4, a variant of Dictyostelium discoideum. 17 91

Human placenta alkaline phosphatase (HP-ALP), a glycoprotein, was stained histochemically for the purpose of examining the concanavalin A (Con A) binding sites on the cell surface. HP-ALP was bound to the cell surface by Con A. This simple method successfully detected Con A binding sites on the cell surface.
Acta Med Okayama 1975 Dec
PMID:A new histochemical method using human placenta alkaline phosphatase for demonstrating concanavalin A binding sites on cell surfaces. 18 Jul 55

1. The biochemical development and histochemical localisation of phosphomonoesterases in the testes of prepuberal chicks have been studied. 2. Maximum acid phosphatase activity was observed at 12 weeks with a decrease in enzyme activity after this age, whereas alkaline phosphatase activity fluctuated with age. 3. Acid phosphatase activity in chicks was similar to that of the cockerel in being tartarate-insensitive. 4. There was a low level of significant correlation between acid phosphatase activity and testes weight. 5. Both alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were observed in the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules, and acid phosphatase activity also in the various spermatogenic elements. 6. The results suggest that acid phosphatase is more involved in spermatogenesis, and more widely distributed than alkaline phosphatase in testicular tissue during testicular development.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1976 Dec 21
PMID:The development of phosphomonesterases in the testes of prepuberal chicks. 18 28

beta-Casein, and the phosphate containing peptide derived from it by tryptic digestion, have been dephosphorylated by the action of two phosphatases. Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) has been shown to remove the phosphates from these substrates in two distinct stages. Substrate molecules retaining three of the original phosphoseryl residues accumulate during the reaction and are resistant to further dephosphorylation at low enzyme concentrations. In contrast bovine spleen phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) achieves complete dephosphorylation of these substrates sequentially without any of the intervening species showing resistance to the action of the enzyme. The phosphopeptide has been partially dephosphorylated by the action of the two phosphatases and the resultant peptides containing three phosphoseryl residues compared in their reactivity toward the E. coli alkaline phosphatase. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the mode of action of the two enzymes.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1976 Dec 22
PMID:A study of the enzymic dephosphorylation of beta-casein and a derived phosphopeptide. 18 32

Apatite formation from synthetic extracellular fluids is rate-limited both at the initial amorphous precursor deposition step and at the amorphous-crystalline transformation reaction. Nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates and low molecular weight metabolites containing two attached ester phosphate groups all inhibited amorphous-crystalline conversion at concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(-6)M. Both native and synthetic polynucleotides as well as the phosphoproteins from rat dentin or egg yolk also inhibited crystal formation from amorphous calcium phosphate. In all cases, substantial amounts of inhibitor molecules were incorporated into the stabilized amorphous precipitates. Treatment of isolated, inhibitor-stabilized amorphous precipitates with hydrolytic enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase or papain reversed the inhibitory effect and permitted crystallization to proceed normally.
Calcif Tissue Res 1976 Dec 22
PMID:Inhibition of apatite formation by phosphorylated metabolites and macromolecules. 18 88

The distribution of lipid, glycogen, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase has been studied in the cells of blood and bone marrow smears from young chickens. Chicken heterophil granules react differently from those of mammalian neutrophils. A strongly positive peroxidase reaction was given by developing erythrocytes in chickens, unlike mammals. The significance of these species differences is not yet clear.
J Anat 1976 Dec
PMID:Histochemical observations on chicken blood and bone marrow cells. 18 94

The nucleotide sequences at the 5' termini of rabbit alpha and beta globin mRNAs have been determined. Periodate oxidation of globin mRNA followed by reduction with 3H-sodium borohydride and subsequent analysis of the 3H-labeled mRNA reveals the presence of the "cap" structure m7G5'ppp- blocking the 5' terminus. After periodate oxidation, beta elimination, and phosphomonoesterase treatment to remove the m7G5'ppp- "cap," the 5' end of globin mRNA was labeled with 32P using gamma-32P-ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase. The 5'-32P-labeled alpha and beta globin mRNAs were then resolved from each other by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions and sequenced separately. The 5' terminal nucleotide sequences determined are: alpha--m7G5'ppp5m6AmC(m)ACUUCUGG- BETA--M7G5'ppp5m6AmC(m) ACUUGCUUUUGACACAA Besides the m7G "cap" structure, the two sequences are identical for the first six nucleotides and then diverge. No initiator codon is present within the first ten nucleotides from the 5' end of the alpha globin mRNA, and the first nineteen nucleotides from the 5' end of beta globin mRNA.
Cell 1976 Dec
PMID:Nucleotide sequences at the 5'termini of rabbit alpha and beta globin mRNA. 18 43


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