Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In two experiments the effect of feeding dried crushed white and red grape press cake replacing 10--20% of the complex feed mixture A1 and SOL, was studied on the 21 biochemical indicators of blood serum, plasma, suprarenal glands, liver and tissue of fattened pigs. Changes indicating unsuitability of this non-traditional feed were not observed. During feeding red grape press cake, the young pigs of 35kg body weight had a lower concentration of glucose in blood serum, in comparison with the control. The temporary increase of calcium level and decrease of inorganic phosphorus in these animals was accompanied by a lower activity of alkaline phosphatase. White and red grape press cake affected positively the vitamin E level in blood serum. In the muscles of the experimental slaughter pigs protein proportion was increased and fat proportion was decreased.
Vet Med (Praha) 1979 Dec
PMID:[Changes in biochemical indicators in the blood and organs of pigs fed dried grape press cake]. 11 74

Tissues from mice were fixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde, treated for the ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase or Mg++-dependent adenosine triphosphatase, post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, dehydrated and embedded in plastic for electron microscopy. The sites of reaction were visualized in 1-mu plastic sections counterstained with toluidine blue, using a phase contrast microscope. The data show a close correlation between the sites of reaction observed with the phase contrast microscope and the sites studied with the electron microscope. The use of this technique for the study of these phosphatases in normal and pathologic tissues is recommended in order to achieve a high degree of accuracy in selecting a portion of the tissue sample for electron microscopy and to obtain greater resolution in the localization of these enzymes with the light microscope.
J Histochem Cytochem 1975 Dec
PMID:Light microscopic localization of cytochemical reactions in epoxy-embedded material for electron microscopy. 12 11

Scolices and brood capsules of healthy hydatid cysts from lungs of human patients were studied with histochemical and histoenzymatic methods. The subtegumental and flame cells were sepcially rich in glycogen, RNA and some dehydrogenases such as SDH, MDH, NADH-reductase and G-6-PDH. The rostellar zone or invaginated pole, an area of marked contractile movements, showed intense activity in ATP'ase and simple esterase. The so-called excretory pole shows strong activity in simple esterases, lipase, beta-HBH, alpha-GDH and NADPH-reductase. Lipids are also abundant in this zone implying the important role of this metabolic path in the development of the parasite. Intense activity in alkaline phosphatase was observed in cells associated to the calcereous corpuscles. The largest corpuscles were devoid of enzymatic activity. The enzyme could play some role in the calcification of the corpuscles. Wide enzymatic variations are described according to morphology being orthoscolices the most rich in enzyme activity. Accumulations of small cells surrounded by specialized cells on the germinal membrane are interpreted as the origin or "embryo" of brood capsules. Some enzymes detected in the wall of mature brood capsules depicted alternating types of cells. Some of them are positive for ATP'ase that may be related to active transport of substances across the brood capsule wall. The intenst ATP'ase activity at the stalks of scolices may be similarly interpreted. However, a miosine-like activity is a more feasible explanation since this area showed striking contractile movements in vivo.
Z Parasitenkd 1975 Dec 11
PMID:Histochemistry and histoenzymology of the hydatid cyst (Echinococcus granulosus Batsch, 1786). II. Scolices and brood capsules. 13 Jul 50

The embryophore (inner capsule) of the tapeworm Shipleya inermis was studied with histochemistry and electron microscopy. It was found to be unique for the cestodes in that it has a laminated construction. During development lamina are added until there are 10 which are arranged in an irregular zig-zag pattern. The embryophore is positive to tests for acid and alkaline phosphatase, and the Hales test for acid mucopolysaccharides. Permeability of tapeworm egg coverings is discussed.
Z Parasitenkd 1975 Dec 11
PMID:The histochemistry and fine structure of the embryophore of Shipleya inermis (Cestoda). 13 Jul 51

Proliferation of the vascular endothelium occurring in brain tumours is accompanied by a proliferation of histiocytes in the peripheral part of the vessel wall. These histiocytes infiltrate the tumour tissue in a very regular pattern. Enzyme-histochemically, there are marked differences between the activities of alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, and ATPase in the normal and proliferating blood vessels. The whole process encompasses reactive changes evoked by the destroyed perivascular sheath of astroglial foot processes and the subsequent oedema in the tumour and the surrounding parenchyma. There are often tumour areas where diminished vascular permeability is established by proliferation of perivascular connective tissue. Here the oedema has completely disappeared. A clearcut influx of monocytes from the blood into the vessel wall is seen only in the vicinity of necrotic foci; the number of histiocytes is increased and their turnover is observed in swollen macrophages. In the rest of the tumour influx of monocytes and activity of macrophages are inconspicious.
Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 1976 Dec 27
PMID:Proliferation of blood vessels and stroma in brain tumours. An enzyme-histochemical study. 13 51

In this study, enzyme activities of the pancreatic appendages of the ductus hepatoPancreas (the so-called "pancreas") in Sepia officinalis L. have been demonstrated by light and electron micicroscopical methods: Malate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, adenosine triphosphatase and carbonic anhydrase were shown by the former, and monoamine oxidase, catalase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, choline esterase (non-specific), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase by the latter technique. The correlation between enzyme activity and distribution, and the presumed function of the two pancreatic epithelia is discussed.
Histochemistry 1978 Dec 28
PMID:The localization of enzyme activities in the pancreatic appendages of Sepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda). 15 95

The same isoenzyme of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (APase), assayed with p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP), was shown be present in different calcifying tissues, bone, calcifying cartilage, odontoblasts and enamel organ. Indications were also found that the enzymatic degradation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in calcifying tissues is mediated by APase. By using specific APase inhibitors, it was shown that two enzymes capable of degrading ATP exist. These were characterized in dentinogenically active odontoblasts, and it was concluded that one is the classical APase, the other is a Ca2+ and Mg2+ activated ATPase, named Ca2+-ATPase. The two phosphatases were solubilized from odontoblasts and separated. The localization of APase and Ca2+-ATPase in odontoblasts was investigated by subcellular fractionation and EM histochemistry. Routine methods for fixation were found to almost completely inactivate the enzymes. By using a mild fixation technique that preserved 80% of the enzyme activity, the main localization for both APase and Ca2+-ATPase was found to be in the membranes of intercellular vesicles located in the cell body and odontoblasts process. No activity was found in the cell membranes. It is concluded that there are at least two enzymes able to degrade phosphate compounds at alkaline pH in hard tissue forming cells. One is the nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (APase; EC 3. 1. 3. 1), which is active against p-NPP, PPi, glycerophosphates and ATP among other substrates. The other is a more specific Ca2+-ATPase (EC 3. 6. 1. 3). There seems to be an intimate relation between these two enzymes in the tissue. The function of APase in biological calcification is still obscure. In contrast, the finding of an ATP dependent, intravesicularly directed, transmembranous Ca2+-transport in vesicles derived from the microsomal fraction of odontoblasts may explain the role of Ca2+-ATPase.
J Biol Buccale 1978 Dec
PMID:Odontoblast alkaline phosphatases and Ca2+ transport. 15 9

Sixty-five patients with obstructive jaundice out of a total of 71 patients, were treated successfully by PTCD. The markedly elevated total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in the serum were reduced significantly and the general condition of the patient improved rapidly. On the other hand, severe obstructive jaundice which had persisted for several weeks was not amenable to treatment in this way. Occlusion of the extrahepatic bile ducts by tumour was treated by internal PTCD; this provided satisfactory flow of bile into the duodenum for at least six months. PTCD is simpler for the patient than surgery and is therefore the method of choice in obstructive jaundice. Finally, PTCD can be used for the introduction of antibiotics for the treatment of suppurative cholangitis or liver abscesses. This rapidly leads to reduction in fever and absorption of the abscesses.
Rofo 1979 Dec
PMID:[Transhepatic biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. 16 87

Studies on the maturational lineages of thymic lymphocytes have revealed several subclasses which are distinguishable on the basis of cell size, topographic distribution within the thymus, DNA synthetic and mitotic activity, migratory behavior, and other properties. Strain C57BL/Ka mice were inoculated with radiation leukemia virus at different concentrations, and tissues were removed at defined intervals. Sequential sections were analyzed for virus-specific cytoplasmic antigen expression, for morphological evidence of neoplastic transformation, and for alkaline phosphatase activity. The first detectable sign of MuLV infection was the focal appearance of cytoplasmic viral antigens in cells of the outer thymic cortex, followed by coalescence of such foci and, several weeks later, by the appearance of morphologically transformed and alkaline phosphatase-positive cells, again often focally distributed in the outer thymic cortex. These observations strongly suggest that the large, mitotically active cells of the outer thymic cortex are the principal source of target cells for both productive infection and subsequent lymphoma induction by the virus.
Cancer Res 1975 Dec
PMID:Focal infection and transformation in situ of thymus cell subclasses by a thymotropic murine leukemia virus. 17 27

The distribution of calcium pyrophosphate mineral phase, almost exclusively confined to articular cartilage in chondrocalcinosis, and the high level of pyrophosphate (PPi) ion relative to serum in synovial fluid in patients with either chondrocalcinosis or advanced osteoarthritis led to an investigation of whether cartilage cells elaborate PPi ions. Incubates of articular cartilage from young rabbits but not from mature rabbits, as well as growth plates cartilage, released PPi into incubation media during a 4h period. Control rabbit ear cartilage and synovial membrane elaborated negligible amounts of PPi. The PPi was shown to be undialyzable but could be dissociated from the alkaline phosphatase by ultracentrifugation. In 16 patients with osteoarthritis, a substantial output of PPi by samples of articular cartilage from the knee was demonstrated. It is postulated that either rapid cell division and matrix synthesis found in the base of ulcerating osteoarthritic cartilage or remodeling calcified sites are the source of the PPi in such osteoarthritic cartilage. It is further hypothesized that this PPi output accounts at least in part for the elevated PPi levels found in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis.
J Clin Invest 1975 Dec
PMID:Extrusion of pyrophosphate into extracellular media by osteoarthritic cartilage incubates. 17 32


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