Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve pigs which averaged 13.7 kg were randomly allotted from litters to a corn-soybean meal grower diet containing 0, 20, or 200 ppm of polybrominated biphenyls (PPB). During a 16-week growth trial, average daily gain (kg), average daily feed (kg) and feed/gain for pigs on diets containing 0, 20, or 200 ppm of PBB, respectively, were 0.82, 2.45, 2.99; 0.67, 1.88, 2.79; 0.45, 1.23, 2.70. Mean daily gain differences between all lots were highly significant (p < 0.01). Blood from each pig was withdrawn biweekly through the first 8 weeks of the trial and at 4 week intervals thereafter. Hemoglobin and hematocrit differed significantly only at the 6 weeks bleeding, being reduced in pigs receiving 200 ppm of PBB. Erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity were not significantly influenced by level of dietary PBB. Serum lactic dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in control pigs than in either PBB supplemented lots at 16 weeks. There was no significant influence of PBB upon serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase or serum creatine phosphokinase. Based on these enzyme assays, PBB produced no evidence of significant necrosis of liver, myocardium, or skeletal muscle. There was no consistent effect of dietary PBB upon total serum protein concentration or electrophoretic profile. Pigs on either level of PBB did not have overt clinical signs of toxicity during the 16-week test period with the exception of a dermatosis on the ventral surface of two of the pigs receiving 200 ppm of PBB. There was a marked increase in liver weight of pigs receiving either level of dietary PBB. Heart, kidney, and adrenals of pigs receiving either level of dietary PBB were heavier as a percent of body weight than that of control pigs. Fat retention of PBB and urinary and fecal PBB excretion were significantly affected by dietary PBB level. Grossly, the glandular portion of the stomach appeared somewhat hyperplastic in pigs on 200 ppm of PBB. Two pigs which had received 200 ppm of PBB were placed on the control diet and over the next 14 weeks normal growth rate occurred. One of these pigs was killed and organ weights were normal. The other pig, a gilt, came into estrus. She was bred and conceived. At the end of gestation, four pigs were born. Three survived and grew normally; the one death at birth examined at gross necropsy did not reveal changes in organ size or other tissue alterations.
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PMID:Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) in the growing pig diet. 20 65

A long term study was carried out to determine the possible toxic effects of therapeutic doses of a suspension of benorilate on bone marrow, liver and kidneys in 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 14 were male and 19 femal patients. 11 of the male and 14 of the female patients presented a positive rheumatoid factor. The duration of the treatment was first limited to 6 months. In 20 of the 33 patients duration of treatment was extended to 7 and 91/2 months. Three patients interrupted treatment after respectively 2, 3 and 5 months. Benorilate was given in a daily dosage varying from 6-8-12 g (as a suspension containing 40% benorilate). The following parameters were used to determine the effect of the drug on bone marrow: Hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, thrombocyte count. Tests were done at regular intervals to determine a possible toxic effect on the kidney: urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine and urineanalysis were performed at regular intervals. To determine any possible hepatic toxicity, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and prothrombin time were done at regular intervals. On the basis of the laboratory results, no toxicity could be demonstrated in bone marrow, liver and kidneys when benorilate was given in therapeutic doses for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rare temporary abnormal laboratory values are not statistically significant and can be considered part of systemic involvement secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. The combination of the two active substances of benorilate decreases to a minimum on the one hand the above mentioned side effects and on the other potentiates the therapeutic and especially the analgetic effect. After resorption, the preparation is hydrolized in the plasma to acetylic salicylic acid and paracetamol. The hydrolysis takes place in the gastrointestinal tract which probably explains why the drug is so well tolerated.
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PMID:[Long-term toxicity of benorylate]. 24 Nov 74

Metronidazole (0.6 mg/gm) was injected intraperitoneally at 12 hour intervals for 10 days into C3H/HeJ mice with established C3HBA mammary adenocarcinomas. Tumor growth, total white cell count and body weight were decreased by 3 days. Heart rate and rectal temperature were depressed most following the initial injections but were less depressed by 10 days. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were not changed. Plasma assays of total protein, uric acid, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and calcium were not affected. It was not possible to separate the tumors treated with metronidazole from control tumors, based on cellular differences. Blood vessels in most of the tumors in the drug treated animals were larger and appeared engorged with blood.
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PMID:Effect of metronidazole on the C3H/HeJ mouse and growth of the C3HBA mammary adenocarcinoma. 85 27

Patients with newly diagnosed prostatic cancer should be investigated with regard to the presence or absence of distant metastases by: (1) Clinical history especially of weight loss, recent pain, or analgesics intake. (2) Physical examination, looking especially for hepatic enlargement, peripheral lymph nodes, local bone tenderness. (3) Performance status. (4) Hemoglobin, creatinine, PSA and/or PAP, alkaline phosphatases, liver tests, testosterone. (5) Bone scan with X-ray of doubtful hot spots. (6) Chest X-ray. (7) Ultrasound scans (liver, kidney, lymph nodes) or CT scan may be indicated if abnormal blood parameters or in specific situations. (8) Other investigations are only indicated in special circumstances. Follow-up should include: (1), (2), (3), (4) every 3 months. For patients in clinical trials, depending on the end point, bone scan should be repeated every 6 months or possibly depending on the prognostic group (good: every 12 months; bad: 3 to 6 months). For routine clinical management, it could be repeated only when markers (PAP, PSA, alkaline phosphatase) show significant (25-50%) increase and provided the result will influence treatment. Other investigations should only be repeated or performed if abnormal at the start of if clinical data require them.
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PMID:The staging of M+ disease. 221 62

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was administered at a dose of 1-60 micrograms/kg of body weight to 22 patients with transitional cell carcinoma before chemotherapy as part of a Phase I/II study. In all patients, a specific dose-dependent increase in the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 1.8-12 fold was seen. In addition, this augmentation in the ANC was accompanied by an increase in leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, a marker of secondary granule formation. In six of eight patients analyzed, an increase in bone marrow myeloid to erythroid cell ratio was seen. Day 14 peripheral blood cell derived colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage were also increased by day 6 of rhG-CSF treatment. Circulating levels of eosinophils and basophils were unchanged; however, a 10-fold increase in monocytes was observed in patients treated at the highest doses. There was also a small increase in CD3+ lymphocytes that was not dose dependent. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count remained near baseline throughout the period of rhG-CSF administration. These findings demonstrate that rhG-CSF is a potent stimulus for normal neutrophil proliferation and maturation.
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PMID:Phase I study of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. 245 63

The intraosseous route is an emergency alternative to the IV route for the administration of drugs and fluids. Another emergency function of intravascular access is obtaining blood samples for blood gases, laboratory studies, and blood cultures. One of the drawbacks to using the intraosseous route as an alternative to IV access has been the persistent need to establish IV access to obtain blood samples. We obtained bone marrow samples from ten healthy anesthetized dogs and analyzed the usefulness of the samples in providing meaningful laboratory studies when compared with simultaneous arterial and venous samples for blood electrolytes, blood chemistries, blood gases, and hemoglobin. There was no significant difference (P greater than .10) in blood electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide) drawn from the intraosseous, arterial, and venous sites. The blood chemistries (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorous, uric acid, total bilirubin, and SGOT) also were not significantly different (P greater than .10). Significant differences were obtained for glucose comparing intraosseous with arterial (P = .03), whereas intraosseous versus venous was only marginally significant (P = .06). Significant differences were also obtained for alkaline phosphatase when comparing intraosseous with arterial (P = .03), whereas comparison with venous was only marginally significant (P = .06): lactate dehydrogenase differences were marginally significant when comparing intraosseous with arterial (P = .09) and venous (P = .06) blood. Hemoglobin values were not significantly different when comparing results for the three sites (P greater than .25).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The bone marrow as a source of laboratory studies. 258 4

We compared a chemiluminescent assay and a colorimetric endpoint assay for measuring an alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) label in an enzyme immunoassay of thyrotropin (TSH). The substrate in the chemiluminescent assay is a derivative of adamantyl 1,2-dioxetane phosphate. On dephosphorylation, catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase, the 1,2-dioxetane decomposes further and emits a glow of light (lambda max 470 nm). We modified the Hybritech Tandem-E TSH High Sensitivity assay for chemiluminescent detection of bound alkaline phosphatase label by using this substrate (with 20-, 40-, and 60-min incubations). Detection limits (mean +2 SD of zero standard) were 6.0, 5.2, and 4.5 micro-int. units/L for these incubation periods, respectively, vs 20 micro-int. units/L for the conventional colorimetric version of the assay. Comparison of results for 44 clinical specimens assayed by the chemiluminescent (20-min incubation, y) and colorimetric (60-min endpoint, x) TSH immunoassays gave statistical values of: slope = 1.17, intercept = -0.22, and r = 0.98. Hemoglobin, but not bilirubin, lipids, or protein, interfered; but these interferents were removed by the washing steps in the enzyme immunoassay.
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PMID:Chemiluminescent assay of alkaline phosphatase applied in an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay of thyrotropin. 266

Metabolic changes between the preoperative period and the defunctionalized stage after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis were investigated in 21 patients. Aspects studied included weight change, renal function, liver function, lipid metabolism, and two hematologic parameters. Of 21 patients, 19 lost weight. Cholesterol levels decreased from 183 +/- 30 IU/1 to 122 +/- 48 IU/1 (P less than .0001). Triglyceride levels rose from 95 +/- 29 IU/1 to 190 +/- 86 IU/1 (P less than .01). Significant elevations were seen in values of four liver function tests: SGOT, SGPT, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase (P less than .05). Blood urea nitrogen levels increased from 11.1 +/- 4.7 mg/100 ml to 21.8 +/- 24.8 mg/100 ml (P less than .05). Serum creatinine levels rose from 0.97 +/- .18 mg/100 ml to 1.5 +/- 1.2 mg/100 ml (P less than .05). Uric acid levels increased from 5.6 +/- 1.8 mg/100 ml to 7.5 +/- 2.3 mg/100 ml (P less than .001). Hemoglobin values did not change significantly. Platelet counts rose from 304,000 +/- 79,000 to 447,800 +/- 189,000 (P less than .05). Identification of these systematic alterations in metabolic parameters during the defunctionalized stage can aid the physician in management of these patients.
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PMID:Metabolic changes during the defunctionalized stage after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. 303 48

Eighteen xenogeneic chimeric rats (survival: greater than 100 days) were established by transplanting bone marrow cells from femurs of 10 gnotobiotic CFW mice into each germfree Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rat. The erythrocytes circulating in the rats were of mouse origin as determined by hemagglutination. Hemoglobin electrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion for IgG, and assay of granulocytic neutrophils for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase verified that true chimerism was achieved. The extent of hematological and immunological reconstitution varied. In general, hematocrit levels were low to normal, white blood cell counts and differentials were within normal limits, and serum protein levels were normal. Levels of circulating IgG of each species were comparable to those of germfree rat and mouse controls. Natural killer (NK) activity was depressed, a phenomenon that may be attributable to the radiation treatment of recipients, or to failure to transfer NK cells or precursors. Mitogenic stimulation reactions were varied, but most chimeric rats demonstrated moderately depressed responses. Reactions as a whole suggested that gnotobiotic rats with xenogeneic bone marrow are incompletely reconstituted, both hematologically and immunologically. No acute graft-versus-host reaction was seen.
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PMID:Characterization of xenogeneic mouse-to-rat bone marrow chimeras. I. Examination of hematologic and immunologic function. 329 26

To evaluate the nutritional value of a new military operational ration, meal, ready-to-eat (MRE), 27 soldiers were fed the ration as their only food during a 34-d field exercise at an elevation of 1800 m. Thirty soldiers given hot breakfasts and dinners and MREs for lunch served as control subjects. Measurements were made of body height, weight, skinfold thickness at four sites, urine volume and concentration, urinary zinc loss, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, ascorbic acid, folate, retinol, and Zn, and plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentration. The men fed only MREs experienced significant weight loss compared with those fed hot meals. Neither group appeared to be dehydrated. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values rose in response to increased elevation. Both groups of soldiers displayed normal values, indicative of acceptable nutritional status, of serum proteins, measured vitamins, and Zn.
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PMID:Nutritional evaluation of soldiers subsisting on meal, ready-to-eat operational rations for an extended period: body measurements, hydration, and blood nutrients. 338 28


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