Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Involving cortical regions, capillaries of the human cerebrum of two 19 and 27 years old men, a 69 years old woman and a 72 years old man were stereologically investigated by optical-electronic image-analysis. The cortical capillary net work was demonstrated by the alkaline phosphatase activity. Each cortex region comprised a determination of the stereological parameters diameter, projected area, specific surface area, capillary distances in linear direction of TV-lines and total length per unit cortex volume. A comparison between different cortex regions revealed a good correlation between increased values of the diameter and the projected area, a decreased specific surface area and diminished capillary distances, which entail a shortened distance of oxygen diffusion through the cortical tissue. During aging a diminished capillary surface area, which results from increased values of diameter and projected area is compensated by shortened capillary distances. Presumably an augmented capillary length is due to a condensation of the capillary net per unit cortex tissue. The behaviour of the registered stereological parameters seems to be an accommodation of the capillary net in the human cerebrum to metabolic and circulatory changes during aging.
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PMID:[Stereological investigation in the cerebral cortex of aging subjects (author's transl)]. 3 Mar 30

Individual heritability and differences in the concentration of the chemical components of the blood were studied in the dairy cows of the Slovak Spotted breed. The experiment was performed with 166 cows. The set comprised six groups of half-sisters from three stocks. The differences among the cows were statistically significant (alpha = 0.01) in the majority of the parameters studied: haematocrit, haemoglobin, pH, PO2, oxygen saturation of the blood; plasma potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, total protein, urea, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and esterified fatty acids. The coefficients of repeatibility for the mentioned parameters ranged from 0.19 to 0.75. The heritability coefficients were calculated for the parameters in which the inter-group differences were significant: total protein (0.62), magnesium (0.57), potassium (0.51), urea (0.49), glucose (0.45), phosphorus (0.43), calcium (0.39), haematocrit (0.37), haemoglobin (0.35), pO2 (0.29). The results suggest that some of the parameters under study are under certain genetic control.
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PMID:[Genetically conditioned variability of metabolic profile parameters in dairy cows]. 3 53

LC3 cells, selected from the L-As cells by repeated exposures to 4 degrees C for 3--6 weeks with intermittent reincubations at 36 degrees C, differ from the initial population by better survival at 4 degrees C, more rapid recovery at 36 degrees C, a higher multiplication at subnormal temperature, a higher sensitivity to supranormal temperature, increased cell size at 36 degrees and 4 degrees C, and higher oxygen consumption at 36 degrees C. These properties are the same as those described in our previously isolated cold-resistant L cell variants and are typical for the resistance to low temperature. The increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, detected in two of our cold-resistant L cell sublines, was not found in the LC3 cells and has thus no relation to decreased cold sensitivity.
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PMID:Isolation and properties of LC3 cells, a new cold-resistant L cell subline. 15 73

The disruption of the molecular organization of the plasma membrane of leukocytes by phagocytosable particles, or by agents such as surfactants, antibodies, phospholipase C, fatty acids and chemotactic factors, leads to a stimulation of the phagocyte oxidative metabolism. Concanavalin A (Con A) has been used as a tool to study the mechanism of this metabolic regulation. The binding of Con A to the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) or macrophages produces a rapid enhancement of oxygen uptake and glucose oxidation through the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP). This is explained by an activation of the granular NADPH oxidase, the key enzyme in the metabolic stimulation. The effect of Con A is not due to endocytosed lectin, since Con A covalently coupled to large sepharose beads still acts as stimulant. The metabolic changes caused by Con A are reversible. If, after the onset of stimulation, sugars with high affinity for Con A are added to the leukocyte suspension, the activity of granular NADPH oxidase and the rate of respiration and glucose oxidation return to their resting values. The metabolic burst, while partially supressed by treatment of PMNL with iodoacetate, sodium flouride and cytochalasin B, is slightly increased by colchicine. Con A induces a selective release of granular enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase) from PMNL, whereas no leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes is observed. The enzyme release is inhibited by iodoacetate and by drugs known to increase cell levels of cyclic AMP. Based on a current view of the mode of interaction between Con A and cell surfaces, a model of the metabolic disruption of leukocytes is presented.
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PMID:Concanavalin A as a probe for studying the mechanism of metabolic stimulation of leukocytes. 16 45

The morphology, cytochemistry, metabolism, and bactericidal function of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from a patient with subacute myelogenous leukemia were evaluated. The patient's mature PMN were deficient in granules and staining reactivity for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (LAP). These cells killed Staphylococcus aureus in an abnormal pattern when they were challenged with various increasing multiples of bacteria per neutrophil. At a low ratio of challenge (1.25 bacteria per neutrophil) the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN killed only 18 +/- 6 per cent (mean +/- 1 S.D.) (normal, 79 +/- 7) of the initial bacterial inoculum. As the PMN were challenged with higher ratios of bacteria per cell, the bactericidal effectiveness of the hypogranular PMN improved. At a 50:1 ratio the patient's cells killed within the normal range (28 +/- 10 per cent vs. normal of 48 +/- [mean +/- 1 S.D.]). Although rates of glucose oxidation and oxygen consumption by patient or control PMN stimulated with comparable ratios of heat-killed bacteria were the same, only minimal metabolic enhancement was produced in the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN by lower ratios. In contrast, higher ratios produced a marked increase in both of these metabolic activities indicating a major metabolic response to multiple ingestions by the patient's PMN. These observations may reflect the activation of compensatory microbicidal mechanisms available to the MPO-LAP-deficient PMN only when challenged by large multiples of bacteria.
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PMID:Abnormal pattern of bactericidal activity of neutrophils deficient in granules, myeloperoxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. 18 7

Aqueous solutions of DNA were gamma-irradiated in the presence and absence of oxygen and enzymatically hydrolysed by the combined action of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease (DNase I), snake-venom phosphodiesterase (PDE I), spleen phosphodiesterase (PDE II) and alkaline phosphatase. In contrast to unirradiated DNA, which is fully hydrolysed to nucleosides by these enzymes, gamma-irradiated DNA yields a series of oligonucleotides. Their isolation might enalbe the future identification of the chemical nature of DNA lesions.
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PMID:Enzymatic digestion of DNA gamma-irradiated in aqueous solution separation of the digests by ion-exchange chromatography. 21 Jan 33

Eight tests investigating the function of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes were performed in 68 subjects, half of whom smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day. Comparison of the two groups allowed determination of the in vivo effect of tobacco smoke on the nonspecific defense system of the body. Ingestion ability, oxygen consumption, and bactericidal activity were normal in smokers. Myeloperoxidase and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activities also were unchanged. The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and the serum lysozyme levels were slightly increased in smokers. The capillary tube random migration, though, was depressed, and intensive smoking further aggravated this change. It is suggested that tobacco smoke acts directly on one (or several) unidentified target site of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This impairment, demonstrated in vivo, probably plays a role in the genesis of the bronchopulmonary diseases so frequent in heavy smokers.
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PMID:Effect of tobacco smoking on the functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 22 75

Conclusive evidence is presented that an acid phosphatase catalyzes phosphate (oxygen)-water exchange. Studies conducted with human prostatic acid phosphatase by two independent methods have established that, despite earlier reports to the contrary, the enzyme catalyzes an exchange reaction between oxygen atoms of phosphate ion and of water. Kinetic data were obtained both by chemical conversion to trimethyl phosphate followed by mass spectroscopy and by a totally independent method involving 31P isotope shift nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analysis showed that the enzyme catalyzes the exchange in a random, noncoupled process. If any coupled exchange occurs, it must represent less than 10% of the total. By mass spectral analysis, catalytic rate constants kcat = 0.14 sec-1 (4 degrees) and 1.8 sec-1 (37.5 degrees) were obtained. By 31P nuclear magnetic resonance kcat = 1.6 sec-1 (31 degrees) was obtained. The energy of activation for the exchange reaction is approximately 13kcal mol-1. The kcat value for exchange is about 10-fold greater than that observed with Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Phosphate (oxygen)-water exchange reaction catalyzed by human prostatic acid phosphatase. 28 92

Phosphate-water oxygen exchange catalyzed by Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase was monitored using the 18O shift on the 31P NMR signal of inorganic phosphate. Different kinetic patterns were observed with native zinc enzyme and with its cobalt analogue. For native enzyme at pH values ranging from 4.4 to 10.0, the distribution of 18O species in Pi, viz. P18O4, P18O316O,P18O216O2,P18O16O3,P16O4, with time is compatible with a kinetic scheme in which E-P, the noncovalent enzyme-phosphate complex, dissociates more rapidly than it forms the covalent complex E-P. For the cobalt enzyme at pH 6.8, the distribution of 18O species in Pi with time is different and leads to the conclusion that formation of E-P is more rapid than dissociation of Pi from E-P-A computer simulation gave good quantitative agreement with the observed distribution for the time course of the cobalt enzyme reaction when the ratio of the rate of formation of E-P to dissection of E-P was assumed to be 3 +/- 0.5.
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PMID:Metal dependence of the phosphate (oxygen)-water exchange reaction of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. Kinetics followed by 31P(18O) NMR. 35 Aug 68

Several temperature-sensitive lysis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected according to their ability to release alkaline phosphatase when incubated at a nonpermissive temperature. For two mutants, cell lysis and release of alkaline phosphatase reached a maximum when cells in the logarithmic growth phase were shifted to the nonpermissive temperature. Morphological changes, as well as changes in macromolecular composition of the cells, were observed. Growth is necessary and oxygen is important for the expression of cell lysis at the nonpermissive temperature.
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PMID:Process characteristics of cell lysis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 36 33


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