Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three hundred eighty-four growing-finishing pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of dietary fluorine (F) on growth, blood and bone physical characteristics. Fourteen dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing F (as NaF) to a milo-soybean meal basal diet (7 ppm F) to provide levels of 7, 132, 257, 382, 507 and 632 ppm F for Exp. 1, and 7, 25, 43, 61, 79, 97, 115 and 133 ppm F for Exp. 2. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not affected (P greater than .09) when F was fed at levels between 7 and approximately 132 ppm. Average daily gain and ADFI were reduced (P less than .0001) for pigs consuming diets with F concentrations greater than 132 ppm (Exp. 1). Feed conversion was not affected (P greater than .17) by any level of F fed. Serum F and alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased (P less than .01) with increasing dietary F levels. Serum and bone Ca and P concentrations were not affected (P greater than .13) by dietary F levels (Exp. 1). In Exp. 1 and 2, bone F increased (P less than .0001) and metatarsal stress and modulus of elasticity decreased (P less than .0001) as level of F increased in the diet. Bone thickness decreased quadratically (P less than .02) in Exp. 1 and linearly (P less than .0007) in Exp. 2 with increased dietary F levels. Scanning electron microscopy showed an increase in porosity of bones from pigs fed the higher levels of F. Growing-finishing pigs were able to tolerate approximately 132 ppm F for growth, but all of the F levels (greater than or equal to 7 ppm) fed in these two experiments affected bone integrity.
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PMID:Effect of dietary fluorine on growth, blood and bone characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. 381 77

The effects on reproduction in screech owls (Otus asio) of chronic dietary sodium fluoride administration at 0, 40, and 200 ppm were examined. Fluoride at 40 ppm resulted in a significantly smaller egg volume, while 200 ppm also resulted in lower egg weights and lengths. Day-one hatchlings in the 200 ppm group weighed almost 10% less than controls and had shorter crown-rump lengths. No gross abnormalities were apparent. Skeletal clearing and staining revealed significantly shorter tibiotarsus lengths in the 40 ppm and 200 ppm groups and a shorter radius-ulna length in the 200 ppm group. By 7 days of age, body weights and lengths did not differ from controls, but the tibiotarsus in the 200 ppm group remained shorter. No significant differences were detected in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma calcium or alkaline phosphatase. Plasma phosphorus levels were higher in the 40 ppm group than in controls. These results, in combination with the findings of Pattee et al. [25], revealed significant impairment of overall reproduction, suggesting that sodium fluoride could cause slight to moderate reproduction disorders in owls in fluoride-polluted areas.
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PMID:Effects of fluoride on screech owl reproduction: teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in hatchlings. 402 53

Na+,K+-ATPase, HCO3(-)-ATPase, Ca2+,Mg2+,-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured in cultures of osteoblastlike cells treated with fluoride and cortisol separately and in combinations. Low concentrations of cortisol increased HCO3- -ATPase (10(-11) to 10(-18) M cortisol) and alkaline phosphatase (10(-11) to 10(-9) M cortisol) activities, but higher cortisol concentrations reduced these activities. Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase activities tended only to be reduced by cortisol. Fluoride (10(-6) and 5 X 10(-6) M) increased HCO3(-)-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities, but these activities were similar to controls in the presence of 10(-5) M fluoride. Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity was decreased and Na+,K+-ATPase activity was increased as the concentration of fluoride increased (10(-6) to 10(-5) M). Preliminary experiments with fluoride indicated that lower concentrations (10(-7) M) were without effect. Cortisol concentrations of 10(-9) and 10(-8) M were chosen for studies with combinations of cortisol and fluoride because the effects of these concentrations on alkaline phosphatase activity were opposite, i.e. 10(-9) M increased whereas 10(-8) M decreased activity. Fluoride concentrations of 10(-6), 5 X 10(-6), and 10(-5) M were chosen because a peak of alkaline phosphatase activity occurred at 5 X 10(-6) M fluoride. Higher (10(-4) M) and lower (10(-7) M) fluoride concentrations were without effect. The effects of combinations of cortisol and fluoride depend on the enzyme activity measured. Fluoride (10(-6) M) combined with cortisol (10(-9) M) produced a peak of Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The increased activity obtained with all concentrations of fluoride alone was preserved when fluoride was combined with 10(-8) M cortisol, although the activity tended to be reduced at 5 X 10(-6) and 10(-5) M fluoride. HCO3(-)-ATPase activity was increased by fluoride combined with 10(-8) M cortisol and decreased by fluoride combined with 10(-9) M cortisol compared to the activities obtained with fluoride alone. The decrease in Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity caused by fluoride alone was prevented by 10(-9) and enhanced by 10(-8) M cortisol, although all treatments produced the same activity at 10(-5) M fluoride. Ca2+-ATPase activity tended to be increased by combinations of fluoride and cortisol, but significantly so only at 10(-5) M fluoride in combinations with 10(-8) and 10(-9) M cortisol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of cortisol and fluoride on ion-transporting ATPase activities in cultured osteoblastlike cells. 609 29

Non-specific acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases could be demonstrated in two viperids (Cerastes cerastes and Cerastes vipers) and two elapids (Naja haje and Naja nigricollis). The latter could be a natural source for the production of these enzymes. The activities of both enzymes in elapids were greater than in viperids. N. nigricollis was the only to show acid phosphatase activity exceeding its alkaline one. The optimum pH values recorded for acid phosphatase was 4.0 and 4.9 and for alkaline phosphatase 9.0 and 10.0 in viperids and elapids, respectively. Optimum substrate concentration for both enzymes in viperids was 0.01 M, while for acid phosphatase in N. haje and N. nigricollis it was 0.125 and 0.150 M; and for their alkaline phosphatases the values were 0.150 and 0.125 M, respectively. Mg++ behaved as an activator for both enzymes in all venoms investigated, while Zn++ showed either no or slight activating effect. Fluoride ions as well as EDTA showed certain inhibitory action. Both enzymes in the crude venoms were heat-labile.
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PMID:Acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases in Egyptian snake venoms. 626 98

A study was made of the fluorine-ion content in the vegetables and grain grown on experimental plots of land fertilized for 4-6 years with fluorine-containing fertilizers: active slurry potassium tetrafluoroborate and sodium fluorosilicate. It was found that the fluorine-ion content in individual samples of the vegetables and grain was increased 2-32-fold as compared to that in the control samples. As for the diet, the total content of fluorine-ion was increased 6.1-12.3-fold. Experiments were made on rabbits and rats whose diets contained the vegetables and grain from the experimental plots of land. The animals of the experimental groups manifested a lowering of the prothrombin index by the end of the 6th month of the experimental studies. There was a statistically significant fall in the cholinesterase activity and an increase in the activity of glutaminopyruvic aminotransferase (by 35-42 units). The activity of total alkaline phosphatase progressively increased at the expense of the elevated activity of liver and intestinal isozymes.
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PMID:[Effect of rations containing fluorine ion on biochemical and hematological indices of body status]. 627 10

5-Fluoro-5'-(2-oxo-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinan-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1a) and 5-fluoro-5'-(2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1b) were prepared by reaction of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (7a) and phosphoryl chloride with 3-amino-1-propanol and 1,3-propanediol, respectively. The thymidine analogues, 1c and 1d, were prepared similarly from thymidine. Compound 1b was synthesized in better yield from 13a and trimethylene phosphate with triphenylphosphine/diethyl azodicarboxylate as a condensing agent. Compounds 1a-d were resistant to degradation by 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, venom phosphodiesterase, and crude snake venom. None of these compounds were significantly biotransformed when incubated with mouse hepatic microsomal preparations in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. When administered intraperitoneally (ip) for 5 consecutive days, 1a was nearly as effective as 5-fluorouracil at prolonging the life spans of BDF1 mice implanted intraperitoneally with leukemia P-388. However, much larger dosages of 1a were required for optimal activity. Compound 1b administered similarly was only marginally effective. Neither 1a nor 1b was active against a P-388 mutant resistant to 5-fluorouracil.
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PMID:Synthesis and biological evaluation of neutral derivatives of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate. 630 57

Fluoride is one of the most potent but least well understood stimulators of bone formation in vivo. Bone formation was shown to arise from direct effects on bone cells. Treatment with sodium fluoride increased proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone cells in vitro and increased bone formation in embryonic calvaria at concentrations that stimulate bone formation in vivo.
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PMID:Fluoride directly stimulates proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone-forming cells. 662 79

In the conditions described, inhaled HF is uptaken progressively by bones and teeth. Metabolic processes involved in calcification are disturbed and serum alkaline phosphatase activity is increased. The transfer of fluoride ion through placenta is revealed by an increase of bone fluorine in newborne Guinea Pigs issued from intoxicated mothers.
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PMID:[Fluorine uptake by calcified tissues in the guinea pig after 18 months exposure to an atmosphere containing 100 to 150 mcg hydrofluoric acid per cubic meter]. 676 60

26 women were treated for osteoporosis with 40 mg of sodium fluoride twice a day (equivalent 36 mg of fluorine) for a longer period. Mostly by reason of incompatibility, a reduction to half of the dose was necessary in six of these patients. The control of plasma fluoride concentration indicated that only 10 patients took their medicine regularly. Before treatment as well as three and six months after beginning of treatment the patients were examined. In these examinations bone density was measured across the middle phalanx of the middle finger with a I-125-profile scanner. Size and function of the thyroid gland were evaluated by clinical aspects and with in vivo- and in vitro-methods for thyroid diagnostic. The program includes also a check up with a 12 canal-serum-autoanalyzer. In 10 patients with warranted regular intake of the drug the increase of bone density was significant after three months already. In all 26 patients a considerable increase of the alkaline phosphatase after three months was evident. Under the influence of sodium fluoride no change was seen in function and size of thyroid gland. This result verifies the efficiency of sodium fluoride in osteoporosis-therapy without any measurable influence on thyroid function.
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PMID:[Osteoporosis therapy and thyroid function. Influence of 6 months of sodium fluoride treatment on thyroid function and bone density]. 721

During a 4-week administration of water contaminated with sodium fluoride in doses of 20 mg/kg of body weight and above, decreased activity of granulocytes alkaline phosphatase and increased count of leucocytes in peripheral blood were found. This may be indicative of a toxic effect of high doses of sodium fluoride on the leucocytic system. Thus, observation of those parameters in people and animals from the area surrounding the factories, contaminated by fluorine compounds, seems advisable.
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PMID:[Effect of contamination of drinking water with sodium fluoride on the alkaline phosphatase activity of peripheral granulocytes in the rat]. 746 46


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