Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve blood serum parameters: sodium, potassium, chlorine, total protein, cholesterol, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases activities were measured in 488 normal subjects (male), residents of Leningrad, by the Technicon (USA) microanalyzer. Relationships between the estimated reference values and the distribution patterns of the referent blood parameters (variability, symmetric pattern) were analyzed. The authors compare the reference values of the Leningrad population with those obtained by this microanalyzer in the USA.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the distribution and reference values of 12 biochemical indices of the blood serum]. 171 39

The time course of changes in serum proteins and other blood constituents after eccentric exercise of the forearm flexors by six nonweight-trained female subjects (age, 19.7 +/- 1.9 years) was investigated. Eccentric muscle actions are those in which the muscle lengthens as it exerts force, as when a person lowers a weight. Serum levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, myoglobin, as well as urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus were examined before and for 6 days after exercise. Creatine kinase increased dramatically (peak value ranged from 6740 to 24,200 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and myoglobin followed the same time course as creatine kinase, but their peak values were lower. These proteins did not increase significantly until 48 hours after exercise and reached peak values 3 to 5 days after exercise. Alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus showed no change. There is either a delay in muscle protein release by damaged muscle fibers, or the proteins are unable to leave the interstitial area for the 24 to 48 hour period after exercise. Because of the long delay, care should be taken when blood protein levels are interpreted in persons who have exercised strenuously (even if only for a short period of intense effort) several days before any diagnostic tests are performed.
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PMID:Time course of serum protein changes after strenuous exercise of the forearm flexors. 174 Jun 32

In 1983 and 1984 blood was collected from 79 cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) confined to an outdoor enclosure in southern Illinois to establish reference values for hematology and serum chemistry. Packed cell volume, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, calcium, carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and osmolality were measured. Sex and age (adult versus juvenile) of rabbit as well as season (June to September versus October to May) and method of capture (trap versus shot) variously affected most hematology and serum chemistry variables.
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PMID:Hematology and serum chemistry of cottontail rabbits of southern Illinois. 175 30

Effects of administration of triflupromazine were evaluated in 11 adult domesticated camels (Camelus dromedarius) weighing 403 +/- 29.5 kg (Mean +/- SE). Six camels were used to evaluate sedative properties of the drug and its effects on haematological and blood biochemical parameters. In the remaining 5 camels, effects on haemodynamics, acid base status and blood gases were studied. In all the animals triflupromazine was administered intramuscularly in the gluteal region at the rate of 2 mg/kg. Camels voluntarily sat down 48.9 +/- 5.4 min after administration of the drug but stood up again if disturbed. Drowsiness, drooping of lower lip and salivation were evident. The animals stood on their own and started walking with ataxia after 159 +/- 7 min and recovered completely from the effect of drug within 259 +/- 23 min. The drug caused a significant tachycardia and a moderate hypotension. The decrease in central venous pressure was also significant. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, acid base status, blood gases, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, differential leukocyte count, blood urea nitrogen, plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, blood glucose and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and inorganic phosphate were not significantly affected by triflupromazine.
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PMID:Evaluation of triflupromazine as a sedative in camels (Camelus dromedarius). 177 79

1. Yeast tRNA nucleotidyl transferase is inhibited by low molecular weight compounds present in cell-free extracts. The inhibition produced by the main component(s) is competitive with respect to ATP and is not prevented by metal chelating agents. The major component(s) has been partially purified. It is resistant to heat (90 degrees C, 5 min) and insensitive to digestion by alkaline phosphatase, snake venom phosphodiesterase and inorganic pyrophosphatase, indicating that it is not a nucleotide. 2. Besides the masking of the transferase activity in the crude extracts by the inhibitors, the enzyme is inactivated in nitrogen starved cells. The inactivation also occurs in yeast mutants lacking several proteases and is not prevented by inhibitors of yeast proteases. These results rule out extracellular proteolysis as the cause of inactivation and strength our previous observations on the metabolic inactivation of the transferase in response to nitrogen starvation.
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PMID:Characteristics of the inhibition and metabolic inactivation of the yeast TRNA nucleotidyl transferase. 177 53

Plasma components of 6 to 12-month-old beagles were examined using a Technicon auto-analyzer. Age-related changes were noted for 8 of the 21 components: the levels of total protein (T. Pro) and iron (Fe) gradually increased while those of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) persistently decreased in both sexes. Triglyceride (Trigly) in female dogs, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and urea nitrogen (Urea-N) in male dogs tended to increase. The following thirteen components showed no significant variation during the period of observation: glucose (Glu), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (Alb), creatinine (Crea), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), total bilirubin (T. Bil), amylase (Amy), total cholesterol (T. Chol), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl) and calcium (Ca). Our results generally agree with the reported findings on beagles from various institutions.
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PMID:Plasma biochemistry values of young beagle dogs. 188 72

The effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred barrows. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatments of 9 barrows each fed diets containing 1) 0 mg AF and 0 mg DAS/kg feed (control), 2) 2.5 mg AF/kg feed, 3) 2.0 mg DAS/kg feed, or 4) 2.5 mg AF + 2.0 mg DAS/kg feed for 28 days (10-14 weeks of age). Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and pathologic measurements were made. Body weight and body weight gain were significantly decreased by each toxin but more so by the combination treatment. The effects were additive in nature. Liver and spleen weights, as percentages of body weight, were increased by the AF and AF + DAS treatments, and AF or AF + DAS treatments induced diffuse hepatocellular vacuolar change, early portal fibrosis, and early bile duct hyperplasia. Aflatoxin increased serum values of creatinine and gamma glutamyl transferase, cholinesterase, and alkaline phosphatase activities; increased packed cell volume and hemoglobin; and decreased urea nitrogen and total iron binding capacity. DAS reduced serum iron binding capacity. The AF + DAS treatment increased serum gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, increased hemoglobin, and decreased serum iron binding capacity. Generally, the combination treatment could be described as additive or less than additive, with most of the effects attributable to AF. Under the conditions and parameters monitored in this study, AF and DAS had no synergistic toxic effects when incorporated into diets of growing barrows.
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PMID:Cocontamination of swine diets by aflatoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. 189 33

B6C3F1 mice were maintained for 24 months on diets containing 0, 563, 2250 or 4500 ppm trifluralin. These dietary concentrations corresponded to daily doses of approximately 70, 285 or 570 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The control group contained 120 mice/sex and treated groups consisted of 80 mice/sex. There were no treatment-related effects on the survival, appearance or behaviour of the mice. Survival at test termination was at least 67% in each group. Compared with controls, mean body weight was significantly reduced in a dose-related manner in mice of both sexes given the 2250 and 4500 ppm diets. At 21 months, the reduction in body weight was greater than or equal to 15 and greater than or equal to 30%, respectively. At study termination, dose-related decreases in erythrocytic and leucocytic values were also observed at dietary levels of 2250 and 4500 ppm. In clinical chemistry evaluations, blood urea nitrogen levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in mice of both sexes were significantly increased at trifluralin levels of 2250 and 4500 ppm. Blood urea nitrogen also showed a marginal increase in females given the low dose of trifluralin. Alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly increased in males at all treatment levels. Although there were a number of absolute and relative organ weight changes in all three treatment groups that were significantly different from the control values, the reduced relative kidney weights in males and the increased relative liver weights in both sexes at dietary levels of 2250 and 4500 ppm were the only changes that could be correlated with altered clinical chemistry values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oncogenicity study of trifluralin in B6C3F1 mice. 189 21

A study with neonatal calves was conducted to determine the effects of maternal crude protein (CP) and(or) metabolizable energy (ME) malnutrition, cold stress (0 or 21 degrees C), and age on concentrations of selected serum constituents. For each of 2 yr, 60 artificially bred Angus heifers were assigned randomly to a 2 x 2 factorial nutritional plan 150 d before predicted parturition. The diets provided each heifer with either .32 or .96 kg/d of CP and 8.7 or 12.6 Mcal/d of ME. Blood samples were obtained from heifers at parturition and from their calves at birth and at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h of age. Sera were analyzed for concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Creat), iron, total protein (TProt), alkaline phosphatase (AlkPhos), total bilirubin (TBil), and cholesterol (Chol). Mean correlations of these constituents in calf sera between 12-h adjacency intervals were high, but those between longer times (48 or 60 h) were low. Simple correlations of serum constituents between cows and calves at birth were low except for BUN (r = .578 and .295 for yr 1 and 2, respectively). There were significant main treatment effects for maternal CP consumption on BUN levels, for environmental temperature on BUN, Creat, and TBil levels, and for years on BUN, Creat, iron, and AlkPhos levels in calves. Significant polynomial relationships were found over hours of age for all variables. Blood urea N decreased in normal calves but remained relatively constant at a low level in deficient calves. Year x hour of age interactions occurred for iron, TProt, AlkPhos, TBil, and Chol. Protein x year x hour of age interactions were found for iron and Chol. These results suggest that random sampling times are not useful for decision making during the first 72 h after birth. Consideration must be given to multiple samples taken at specific calf ages, to environmental temperatures, and to maternal protein nutritional levels when interpreting calf blood sera data.
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PMID:Concentrations of serum constituents in cold-stressed calves from heifers fed inadequate protein and(or) energy. 190 48

Hematological and serum biochemical data obtained from non-pregnant, pregnant and post-partum squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciurea) were analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality). All animals were of wild origin and had been maintained under uniform environmental conditions at Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, N.I.H., Japan. Months were standardized by the day of parturition. The calculated arithmetic means and standard deviations were listed for each item of measurement performed. Items detected statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01) between months were as follows: red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematocrit value (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC), albumin concentration (ALB), blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN), total cholesterol concentration (T-CHO), triglyceride concentration (TG), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and calcium concentration (Ca). Results of canonical discriminant analysis showed that the value of the first canonical variate (Z1) decreased from the early period of pregnancy to the middle period, and that the second canonical variate (Z2) decreased from the middle period of pregnancy to the end of pregnancy. The meaning of their changes were discussed.
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PMID:[Canonical discriminant analysis for hematological and serum biochemical changes during pregnancy period in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciurea)]. 191 98


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