Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-seven male Macaca mulatta, 3 to 4 kg weight, were inoculated intravenously or subcutaneously with various doses of yolk sac-grown Rickettsia rickettsii. Thirty-four macaques became febrile and exhibited signs of infection ranging from transient illness with a few days of fever to severe illness with subsequent death. The rash appeared more frequently in the macaques inoculated subcutaneously. Febrile macaques that survived had leukocytosis, with concomitant neutrophilia. Febrile macaques that died had, in addition, marked terminal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Packed cell volume of all febrile macaques decreased. In almost all of the febrile macaques, there were increased serum urea nitrogen, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased total serum protein and amylase concentrations. A few febrile macaques had increased bilirubin values and decreased sodium, chloride, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Changes did not occur in serum glucose, potassium, calcium, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase values. The experimental form of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the macaque provides a subhuman primate model for studying the pathophysiology of this disease.
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PMID:Changes in blood serum constituents and hematologic values in Macaca mulatta with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 82 Feb 24

Copper was accidentally introduced into seawater entering a circular outdoor tank used to culture 610 pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) and other marine teleosts. Fish were exposed for 23 hours to copper concentrations between 0.2 parts per million (ppm) and 7.2 ppm with an average concentration of 3.3 ppm. The pinfish were lethergic by 6 hours after copper was introduced into the tank. Deaths began within 10 hours with a total of 575 (94%) deaths. Deaths stopped 11 hours after copper concentrations decreased below 0.2 ppm and signs of distress stopped in surviving pinfish by approximately 6 hours after the last death. Serum urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) concentrations were increased and represent those constitutents which differ from mean control values by more than 2 standard deviations. Electrolyte imbalance, apparently resulting from impaired osmoregulation and hemolysis, was a serious terminal condition in copper-poisoned pinfish.
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PMID:Acute copper poisoning of cultured marine teleosts. 85 Dec 86

Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an industrial solvent, proved to be moderately toxic when studied in small laboratory animals. In adult female rats brief (8 h) and prolonged (8 h daily, on 5 consecutive days a week, for more than 16 weeks) inhalation of 200 ppm--the current TLV/MAC in various countries--produced histological evidence of slight to severe fatty degeneration of the liver lobules and Kupffer cells. In addition marked pulmonary hyperaemia and alveolar septal distention were noted. Fibrous swelling of the cardiac muscle (with striation) just barely maintained) and hyperaemia remained detectable for as long as 14 h post-exposure, but only occurred at 3000 ppm/8 h. A concentration of 1000 ppm/8 h was required to produce a fall in blood albumin, urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase activities and erythrocyte count. The cited concentrations failed to produce prenarcotic symptoms of narcosis (central nervous system (CNS) depression). The LD50 was found to be 6.0 ml/kg i.p. and 1.0 ml/kg p.o. for female rats, and 3.2 ml/kg i;p. for female mice. In some of the rats killed in these experiments the organ changes were found to be identical to those observed after inhalation.
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PMID:Toxicity studies on trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. 85 30

Forty 100 g male rats were fed, in groups of eight, either 0, 5, or 25 ppm cadmium in a purified diet for 14 wk. Three groups were fed each of the levels of cadmium on an ad libitum basis. Two other groups were fed either 0 or 5 ppm cadmium in amounts that were equalized to that consumed by the 25 ppm group fed ad libitum. Cadmium ingestion decreased daily diet consumption, weight gain, and terminal body weight. These parameters were not significantly different in rats whose diet consumption was equalized. Packed cell volume and serum iron as well as serum zinc were decreased in the rats fed 25 ppm cadmium. These effects were not related to diet intake. No major differences were observed in serum ceruloplasmin, glucose, protein, leucine aminopeptidase activity, or copper in any of the groups. Blood urea nitrogen and renal leucine aminopeptidase activity were decreased by cadmium ingestion in the rats fed ad libitum only. In contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated by cadmium in the equalized-intake groups only. Cadmium and zinc concentrations were elevated and the iron concentration was decreased in the kidney, liver, and intestinal mucosa of the cadmium-fed rats irrespective of level of diet consumption. The increased uptake of cadmium in these tissues was coincident with the increased content of the cadmium-binding protein, metallothionein, in the cytosol fraction. The results indicate that some parameters of chronic cadmium toxicity are associated with diet consumption whereas others are not.
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PMID:Biomedical responses of rats to chronic exposure to dietary cadmium fed in ad libitum and equalized regimes. 85 45

Effects of 3 hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia in 20 dogs were determined by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SC), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). sulfobromphthalein (BSP), phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) clearance test, 24-hour water intake and urine excretion, and serum inorganic fluoride (SIF) evaluation. Values for BUN, SC, serum ALT, BSP, and PSP after the anesthetic were not significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the base-line values. The serum ALP values were significantly increased (P less than 0.001). Water intake and urine excretion showed a peak increase 48 hours after anesthesia. Serum inorganic fluoride concentration increased significantly (P less than 0.001) compared with the base line. The SIF 20 minutes before anesthesia was 4.54 +/- 0.82 mumol/L, at 90 minutes of surgical anesthesia 92.35 +/- 8.91 micronmol/L, at 20 minutes after anesthesia 132 +/- 12.55 micronmol/L, and at 1, 3, and 6 days after anesthesia they were 105.60 +/- 8.93, 42.10 +/- 6.90, and 12.65 +/- 1.32 micronmol/L. Clinical signs of renal or hepatic failure were not detected in any of the treated dogs during 7 day post-anesthetic observation period.
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PMID:Serum fluoride concentration, renal, and hepatic function test results in dogs with methoxyflurane anesthesia. 88 22

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from the atlanto-occipital (AO) and lumbosacral (LS) subarachnoid spaces of 24 horses and 21 ponies that had no clinical evidence of neurologic disease. Depth of needle insertion, pressures, refractive index, rapid reagent strip test (protein, glucose, blood, pH) results, cell counts, content of protein, glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, and cholesterol, and activities of creatine phosphokinase, aspartate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. The resulting clinical reference values obtained were discussed in light of the published normal values for CSF from horses, other animals, and man. White cell counts in CSF were found to be from 0 to 6/microliters. Values for protein content were distributed between wider limits than previously reported values. The LS-AO difference is proposed as a criterion for clinical evaluation of CSF protein content. Ponies were found to have more protein in their CSF than did the horses, and CSF from the LS site contained more glucose than that from the AO site. The CSF electrolyte composition was similar to that of previous reports. Enzyme activities in equine CSF are reported for the 1st time.
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PMID:Equine cerebrospinal fluid: reference values of normal horses. 91 Oct 95

In a previous paper we reported that serum, urine and fecal zinc levels fell markedly in women taking a combination oral contraceptive agent (+OCA) and in women with normal menstrual cycles (-OCA) when they consumed a low-zinc diet (less than 0.2 mg/day) for 35 days. We evaluated other biochemical and clinical data in order to determine if depletion of accessible body zinc and/or physiologic adjustment to conserve body zinc stores had occurred. Neither low zinc intake nor oral contraceptive use appeared to influence nitrogen balance or body weight. Use of contraceptive drugs appeared to influence the response of blood parameters to zinc depletion. Serum transferrin and cholesterol declined significantly in the -OCA group, whereas alkaline phosphatase and gamma-globulin changed significantly in both groups. Clinical problems developed in all the subjects with serum zinc levels below 50 microgram/dl during the study; three of the six with serum zinc levels above 50 microgram/dl also complained of clinical symptoms. The results suggest that zinc deficiency through depletion of accessible body zinc stores developed during the 35-day study.
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PMID:Effect of low zinc intake and oral contraceptive agents on nitrogen utilization and clinical findings in young women. 92 68

Enzyme survey specimens were prepared by spiking portions of a normal serum pool with creatinine, urea, and five enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferases), and preparing admixtures of the spiked pools with the original serum. This admixture technic established linear interspecimen relationships that could be confirmed by analyses for creatinine and urea nitrogen. Both ethylene glycol-stabilized liquid serum specimens and lyophilized specimens were prepared as sets of six to eight samples having six concentrations of each enzyme. The sets were distributed on five occasions to about ten laboratories that were widely separated geographically, and the specimens were analyzed by a variety of methods, by various instrumental systems, and in different reaction conditions, and results were reported in diverse units. This report describes how the analytic data obtained through the use of these specimens that were specifically designed for survey purposes can be analyzed statistically to provide meaningful assessments of laboratory performance in enzyme analyses.
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PMID:Interlaboratory survey of enzyme analyses. I. Preliminary. 93 64

A multiple regression equation was used to predict age from seven clinical variables in 1080 apparently well female subjects. A multiple correlation coefficient of R = 0.77 was achieved by five of the variables: timed forced expiratory volume, systolic blood pressure, plasma urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase. On the basis of selection by medical questionnaire responses and other objective criteria, 9% of the subjects were nonsmokers and healthier than the rest. These selected subjects showed a significant reduction in preducted age. Within this group, subjective perception of health was associated with differences in predicted age: poor health with an increase and good health with a decrease in functional age. This study of functional age was based on the healthiest segment of the population in order to minimize the effect of overt pathological processes on the aging rate. An association has been demonstrated between health impairment and predicted age as a measure of the aging rate.
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PMID:A relationship between functional age and health status in female subjects. 95 Apr 48

We examined whether inter-individual differences in correlation coefficients previously found among subjects truly reflect consistent inter-individual differences or are time-related within an individual. The consitutents studied in this investigation were (a) the enzmes aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase; and (b) the non=protein nitrogen-containing constituents urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Ten healthy women were each subjected to 15 venipunctures over a five-week period (Series I), and, after a two-month interval, were again subjected to 15 venipunctures over a second five-week period (Series II). Before statistical analysis, the data were corrected for the batch-to-batch (day-to-day) arnalytical variation. There was a signiificant (P less than .05) change in the covariance structure (variances or correlation coefficients, or both) between the two series in four of the 10 subjects for the combination of enzymes, and in three other subjects for the combination of nonprotein nitrogen constitutents. Although we found a significant (P lees than .05) average intra-individual variation in the mean values from series to series in the cases of the three enzymes and urea, the magnitude of the inter-series variation in means was relatively small. CV's were: alkaline phosphatase, 3.4%; lactate dehydrogenase, 2.3+; aspartate aminotransferase, 3.3%; urea, 5.0%; uric acid, 1.0%; and creatinine, 1.2%.
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PMID:Correlation of selected serum constitutents: 2. Consistency of intra-individual correlation values, means, and variances during four months. 97 46


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