Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of ammonia treatment in reducing the chronic toxicity of aflatoxin-contaminated corn was determined. Fischer 344 rats were fed semi-purified rations containing 20% w/w corn that was either free of aflatoxin or naturally contaminated with 880 micrograms/kg total aflatoxin and was either treated with ammonia gas or was not treated. Therefore the rats that were fed the aflatoxin-contaminated diet received 176 ppb total aflatoxins. Body weight and food consumption were recorded throughout the study; hematological measurements were made after 87 weeks of feeding; and after 91 weeks the rats were killed and histopathological abnormalities were noted. Signs of chronic toxicosis in rats fed aflatoxin-contaminated corn included increased mortality, decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activities, and a 100% incidence of liver neoplasia. These signs did not occur in rats in the other dietary treatment groups, including those fed ammoniated, aflatoxin-contaminated corn. The results provide further evidence that the atmospheric ammoniation process effectively reduces the toxicity of aflatoxin-contaminated corn.
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PMID:Effects of long-term feeding of ammoniated, aflatoxin-contaminated corn to Fischer 344 rats. 622 24

The calculolytic effect of a diet designed to reduce the urine concentration of urea, P, and Mg was evaluated in female Beagles with induced urease-positive urinary tract infections and struvite urolithiasis and in female Beagles with induced sterile struvite urolithiasis. The reduced-protein calculolytic diet induced urolith dissolution in 5 of 6 infected dogs with struvite urolithiasis in 2 to 5 months (means = 14.4 weeks). At the end of 6 months, uroliths in comparable control dogs fed a maintenance diet were 5 times larger and 14 times heavier than at the beginning of the study. The calculolytic diet induced urolith dissolution in 6 of 6 noninfected dogs with struvite uroliths in 2 to 4 weeks (means = 3.3 weeks). Four uroliths in noninfected dogs fed the maintenance diet dissolved over a period of 2 to 5 months (means = 14 weeks). Urolith dissolution in dogs fed the calculolytic diet was associated with diet-induced diuresis, reduction in urine pH, reduction in urine concentration of urea ammonia, P, and Mg, and increase in urine titratable acidity. Consumption of the calculolytic diet was also associated with significant (P = less than 0.01) reduction in the serum concentration of urea and albumin and a significant (P = less than 0.01) increase in serum hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity. Concomitant occurrence of hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes indicated that these biochemical and morphologic changes were associated with dietary protein restriction.
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PMID:Evaluation of a calculolytic diet in female dogs with induced struvite urolithiasis. 647 63

Amine-curing agent for epoxy resin, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, has been suspected of inducing toxic symptoms in man which resemble collagen disease such as scleroderma or polymyositis. We studied subacute toxicity of this agent by repeated oral administrations to rats. The agent was administered 25, 37.5, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg per one dose, 8 times in 10 days or 17 times in 4 weeks or 20-22 times in 4 weeks. When administration had been completed, clinical biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. Animals of high dosage group showed suppression of body weight increase and loss of muscular strength of limbs in the administration period. By clinical biochemical tests, elevation of blood components from muscle (CPK, GOT, creatine) was noticed. Also, increase of monoamine oxidase and decrease of alkaline phosphatase were revealed. By histological examinations, skeletal muscle and choroid plexus of brain showed noticeable changes. In muscles of high dosage group, atrophy, degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers were observed and an increase of fibroblasts was also seen. In choroid plexus, vacuolar changes in epithelial cells were observed, being clearly dose-dependent. No particular change was recognized in skin. Though scleroderma-like change was not observed in the skin histologically, our results suggest that this amine-curing agent was greatly associated with muscle symptoms in the workers who handled epoxy resin and that it was one of causative agents which induced toxic symptoms like those of collagen disease.
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PMID:[Subacute toxicity of an amine-curing agent for epoxy resin]. 652 Oct 56

The present work describes an assay which is highly specific for ribose-5-phosphate. The method is based on the following three-stage enzymatic conversion: (1) ribose 5-phosphate in equilibrium ribose 1-phosphate (phosphopentomutase); (2) ribose 1-phosphate + adenine in equilibrium adenosine + Pi (adenosine phosphorylase); (3) adenosine + H2O----inosine + NH3 (adenosine deaminase). Ribose 5-phosphate may be determined either directly following the change in absorbance at 265 nm associated with the conversion of adenine to inosine, or radioenzymatically by measuring the radioactivity of inosine formed from [8-14C]adenine, after chromatographic separation of the nucleoside on polyethyleneimine-cellulose. The spectrophotometric assay was used to follow ribose 5-phosphate formation and ribose 1-phosphate consumption catalyzed by phosphopentomutase. Further, the ability of alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and crude extract of Bacillus cereus cells to act on ribose 5-phosphate was tested. The radioenzymatic assay was proved useful in determining the levels of ribose 5-phosphate in rat tissues.
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PMID:Spectrophotometric and radioenzymatic determination of ribose-5-phosphate. 653 May 7

Portacaval shunt was performed in ten patients with homozygous and two with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Total serum cholesterol was lowered by 20% to 55.4% during follow-up periods of 14 months to almost 9 years, with commensurate decreases in LDL cholesterol. The effect on HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels was variable. Tendinocutaneous xanthomas diminished or disappeared. Growth and development in children proceeded or accelerated. There was no detectable emotional or intellectual deterioration. Hepatic failure did not occur, although blood ammonia concentrations and serum alkaline phosphatase levels increased relative to preoperative values. Cardiac symptoms were often improved, but evidence of reversal of cardiovascular lesions was inconclusive. Three patients with pre-existing heart disease died of cardiac complications after 4 months, 18 1/2 months, and 30 months. Portacaval shunt has been effective therapy for patients with FH who were refractory or intolerant to medical treatment; it should be performed before the development of irreversible cardiovascular damage.
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PMID:Portacaval shunt in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. 661 51

Eight foals, 2 to 5 days of age, with similar clinical signs and laboratory and pathologic findings, died from hepatic failure. The predominant clinical signs were depression and icterus. Abnormally high values were found for plasma ammonia content, aromatic-to-branch-chain amino acid ratio, total serum bilirubin content, gamma glutamyl transferase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and PCV; partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged. Some foals had high sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. These laboratory findings were suggestive of subacute hepatic disease and failure. Predominant pathologic findings were limited to the liver and brain. The livers were less than half the expected size for 2- to 5-day-old foals, had prominent bile ductule proliferation, hepatic cell necrosis, and mild periportal fibrosis. These findings suggested both prenatal and postnatal diseases caused by exposure to a hepatoxin. The predominant lesion in the brain was the presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes, which are characteristic of hepatoencephalopathy. Although the periportal fibrosis was suggestive of in utero exposure to a toxin, epidemiologic information suggested that the hepatic failure more likely resulted from oral inoculation of a microorganism culture product at birth. The same disease was reproduced in 2 newborn foals by feeding this product.
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PMID:Toxic hepatic failure in newborn foals. 665 19

Normal rats and rats with portacaval shunts were exposed to low concentrations of atmospheric ammonia generated from decomposing urine and feces. The ammonia concentration in the atmosphere was varied by altering the effective ventilation rate, animal density in the enclosure, and bedding change frequency. Atmospheric ammonia concentrations in the animal holding areas varied inversely with the frequency of bedding change and the rate of air exchange. Significant differences were found between normal and shunted animals in blood ammonia and alkaline phosphatase; brain ammonia, glutamate, and glutamine; and body weight. However, these alterations were the same regardless of the atmospheric ammonia concentration; there were no differences within the control group or shunted group housed in the different conditions. The findings suggest that in the range of ammonia concentrations in this study (0 to 9 ppm), ammonia taken in through the respiratory tract is not accumulated in the body to any significant extent.
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PMID:Effect of bedding changes and room ventilation rates on blood and brain ammonia levels in normal rats and rats with portacaval shunts. 671 56

Day-old pigs were individually fed a low nickel (0.16 ppm) liquid milk-based diet supplemented with either 0, 5 or 25 ppm nickel on a dry matter basis for a 21-day period. At the end of the liquid feeding period, five pigs per treatment were killed, and the remaining five were fed a dried skim milk-based diet (0.12 ppm nickel) with similar levels of added nickel for an additional 28 days. Dietary nickel did not affect animal gain, liver cholesterol, serum protein concentrations or bacterial urease activity in the gastrointestinal tract. The addition of 5 ppm nickel to the basal dry diet reduced ammonia concentrations in the cecum by 33%. Pigs receiving the high level of nickel had decreased serum alkaline phosphatase and increased serum glucose at 49 days, compared to controls. Animals receiving 5 ppm nickel had higher liver iron and zinc concentrations than controls at 21 days but not at 49 days. Control pigs had lower kidney and lung nickel concentrations than animals receiving 5 ppm nickel at 21 days but not at 49 days. Increasing dietary nickel from 5 to 25 ppm resulted in increased concentrations of nickel in serum, kidney, lung, spleen and muscle. These results suggest that 0.12-0.16 ppm nickel is adequate for growth of neonatal pigs fed milk-based diets. However, additional nickel may improve the iron and zinc status of the young pig.
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PMID:Effect of dietary nickel on growth, urease activity, blood parameters and tissue mineral concentrations in the neonatal pig. 672 54

1. The Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) was used in a series of long-term experiments to study the distribution and changes of urease (EC 3.5.1.5) activity in a heterogeneous fermentation system. 2. It was shown that in Rusitec the high urease activity from the inoculum decreased to low values, that the rate of decrease was consistent with simple dilution of ureolytic micro-organisms and that the urease activity could be restored to original values by infusion of urea into the reaction vessels. The magnitude of this urease activity was a direct function of the amounts of urea infused. Single daily additions of the same or greater amounts of urea in food or as solid failed to increase the urease activity significantly. 3. In general, urease activity increased 2-6 h after feeding and the increases were greater with roughage diets. 4. The ureolytic activity per unit volume was always higher in compartment 2(space occupied by micro-organisms that are loosely associated with the solid) than in compartment 1 (strained rumen contents) or compartment 3 (space occupied by microbial population that cannot be washed out of the solid matrix). 5. The distribution of urease activity between the compartments was different from the distribution of certain other enzymes (e.g. protease and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)). 6. Apart from the boundary region, the concentrations of urease, ammonia and volatile fatty acids in compartment 2 were constant, while the concentrations of protein, DNA and another enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) increased with the depth of the compartment. Specific urease activity (per unit weight of protein or DNA) was much higher in compartment 1 than in compartment 2 and it decreased markedly with depth of compartment. 7. The concentrations of ammonia were always much higher in the solid matrix (compartments 2 and 3) than in the free suspension of micro-organisms (compartment 1). There was a linear relation between these two quantities. 8. The results are discussed in relation to published work on the entry and metabolism of urea in the rumen.
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PMID:Distribution and changes in urease (EC 3.5.1.5) activity in Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). 703 70

1. A study has been carried out on the steady-state kinetics followed by the alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli at different pH, temperatures, ionic strengths, phosphate concentrations and in the presence of the effectors such as Tris, NH4+--NH3 and CH3OH; p-nitrophenyl phosphate was used as substrate. 2. Contrary to what has generally been accepted, in most cases the enzyme follows non-Michaelian kinetics for a wide substrate concentration range, giving concave-down Lineweaver-Burk plots. Only at high phosphate concentrations (5 . 10(-3) M) and at high ionic strengths (2.0 M) is a linear Lineweaver-Burk plot obtained (Michaelian kinetics). 3. In order to analyse the kind of kinetics obtained, a non-linear regression fitting method was used to obtain rate vs substrate concentration equations as polynomial quotients of minimum degree with positive coefficients. 4. Most of the data obtained follows 2:2 degree type equations. 5. These results tend to suggest an idea of cooperativity rather than one of independence between the sites of the dimeric enzyme. A model is discussed for cooperativity between the sites with a wide concentration range giving concave-down Lineweaver-Burk plots.
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PMID:Negative cooperativity in alkaline phosphatase from E. col: new kinetic evidence from a steady-state study. 704 Jan 34


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