Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Loxosceles reclusa venom demonstrated that only one of seven or eight major (plus three or four minor) protein components caused necrosis in guinea pig skin. Sephadex gel filtration separated the venom into three major peaks, the second peak of which contained the dermonecrotic activity. Hyperimmunization of rabbits with increasing doses of venom from L. reclusa produced potent precipitating antisera, and the rabbits became resistant to lesion development. Ouchterlony-type immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic studies revealed six to seven distinct precipitation lines, one of which stained intensely for esterase activity. Immunohistochemical techniques failed to detect any protease, lipase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, or amylase activity in the venom. The spreading activity of recluse spider venom in guinea pig skin was inhibited as much as 71% by antivenom. Venom preincubated with antivenom was unable to incite lesions in guinea pig skin. Passive immunization of guinea pigs 18 h before an injection of venom conferred venom resistance upon the animals. Local injections of antivenom immediately after intradermal injections of venom markedly reduced the dermal lesion. Heparin reduced the local and systemic effects of venom when preincubated with whole venom or when administered systemically before an intradermal injection of venom. Treatment of whole venom with the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetate did not inhibit its necrotic activity. Transfer studies from a 24-h lesion indicated that the necrotic activity was localized and remained active in tissue for at least 24 h but not for 5 days. No lesions developed when high concentrations of venom were intradermally injected into the skin of sacrificed guinea pigs, indicating that an interaction of body constituents and venom is essential for the development of a lesion.
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PMID:Immunological studies of Brown recluse spider venom. 414 Jan 61

Relapsing fever borreliae require lipid compounds for growth in vitro. In this study, the major pathways of lipid catabolism in three species of tick-borne relapsing fever borreliae were investigated. Thin-layer chromatography was used to compare chloroform-methanol extracts of fresh culture media with extracts of exhausted culture media after organisms were removed by centrifugation. The chromatographic data demonstrated that lysolecithin was removed from the culture media during growth of the spirochetes, whereas lecithin, sphingomyelin, triglycerides, and cholesterol esters were not affected by growth of the organisms. Sonic extracts of the organism were tested for the presence of specific enzymes of lipid catabolism. Lysolecithinase, glycerophosphorylcholine diesterase, and acid phosphatase activities were demonstrated. Thus, these organisms can sequentially dissimilate lysolecithin to fatty acids, choline, inorganic phosphate, and glycerol. Assays for phospholipases A, C, and D, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase were negative.
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PMID:Lipid catabolism of relapsing fever borreliae. 436 Dec 92

Water stress induced by floating discs cut from cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivar Stoneville) on a polyethylene glycol solution (water potential, -10 bars) was associated with marked alteration of ultrastructural organization of both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Ultrastructural organization of chloroplasts was sometimes almost completely destroyed; peroxisomes seemed not to be affected; and chloroplast ribosomes disappeared. Also accompanying water stress was a sharp increase in activity of acid phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2], and acid and alkaline lipase [glycerol ester hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3] within chloroplasts. Only acid lipase activity was detected inside mitochondria of stressed discs. These alterations in cell organization and enzymology may account for at least part of the previously reported effects of water stress on the CO(2) compensation point, photochemical reactions, and photorespiration.
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PMID:Some ultrastructural and enzymatic effects of water stress in cotton (gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves. 452 31

Histochemical procedures for PMN granule enzymes were carried out on smears prepared from normal rabbit bone marrow, and the smears were examined by light microscopy. For each of the enzymes tested, azo dye and heavy metal techniques were utilized when possible. The distribution and intensity of each reaction were compared to the distribution of azurophil and specific granules in developing PMN. The distribution of peroxidase and six lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, esterase, and 5'-nucleotidase) corresponded to that of azurophil granules. Progranulocytes contained numerous reactive granules, and later stages contained only a few. The distribution of one enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, corresponded to that of specific granules. Reaction product first appeared in myelocytes, and later stages contained numerous reactive granules. The results of tests for lipase and thiolacetic acid esterase were negative at all developmental stages. Both types of granules stained for basic protein and arginine. It is concluded that azurophil and specific granules differ in their enzyme content. Moreover, a given enzyme appears to be restricted to one of the granules. The findings further indicate that azurophil granules are primary lysosomes, since they contain numerous lysosomal, hydrolytic enzymes, but the nature of specific granules is uncertain since, except for alkaline phosphatase, their contents remain unknown.
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PMID:Differences in enzyme content of azurophil and specific granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. I. Histochemical staining of bone marrow smears. 487 49

Multiple forms of hydrolytic enzymes were demonstrated in extracts of healthy bean leaves (Phascolus vulgaris L.) and bean leaves infected with the halo blight organism [Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson] by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. Bean leaves contained up to 4 acid phosphatase bands, 9 esterase bands active towards alpha-naphthyl acetate, and 7 esterase bands towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate. Only low or no activity was found for alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and aminopeptidase. Two artifacts are described which were observed with the lead phosphate method for acid phosphatase and the Tween method for demonstration of lipase. After infection with the halo blight organism the major acid phosphatase of the host increased during early and decreased at later infection stages. An acid phosphatase of bacterial origin with a more neutral pH optimum could be demonstrated in infected leaves. It is suggested that the bacterial acid phosphatase plays a role in uptake of metabolites by the pathogen. Several esterase bands decreased after infection. One host band with activity towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate increased. Also the pathogen showed an esterase band with high activity towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate.
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PMID:Multiple hydrolases in bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the effect of the halo blight disease caused by Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson. 590 74

A patient with pyoderma gangrenosum without associated disease was studied. Routine investigations showed several abnormalities. High ESR, high alkaline phosphatase and glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) levels, low iron and iron binding capacity, altered protein spectrum, presence of Staphylococcus aureus and group G hemolytic streptococci in ulcer culture, higher than normal antistreptolysin titers in the serum, and perivascular infiltration in the skin. Biochemical investigations aimed at finding any excessive hydrolytic activity did not reveal the presence of neutral proteases in circulation leaked out from PMN-leukocytes or elsewhere. Lysozyme levels were higher than normal, amylase and lipase levels were normal and 5' nucleotidase levels were below normal range. TCA-soluble polypeptides were present in the serum at levels two times higher than those in normal individuals. Immunochemical investigations showed the absence of immune complexes in the serum but presence of high amounts of C-reactive protein. Total complement activity was higher than normal and so was C3c level. Clq, C4, and C3d levels were within normal range. Biologic studies showed the presence of a factor in patient serum that made guinea pig skin hard, painful, erythematous, and eventually hairless, but not necrotic. A similar factor was either absent in normal serum or present in very low concentration. After salazopyrine treatment, all the above mentioned abnormalities corrected except that 5' nucleotidase activity remained slightly lower than normal, alkaline phosphatase levels remained slightly higher than normal, and C-reactive protein levels remained very high, though lower than those during intense disease activity.
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PMID:Immunologic and biochemical studies on a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum. 614 8

Antemortem and postmortem sera from 60 dogs were evaluated for lipase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (AAT); cerebrospinal fluid was examined for AAT and alkaline phosphatase. The postmortem intervals were 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at temperatures of 4, 20, and 37 degrees C. Amylase levels remained stable at 4 and 20 degrees C and may be beneficial for diagnosing pancreatitis. Lipase levels may be useful as an adjunct to amylase values. Serum alkaline phosphatase values increased with postmortem interval; values were higher at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Other enzymes were of little value for diagnosis.
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PMID:Postmortem sera and cerebrospinal fluid enzymes. 615 26

In a model developed to study acute pancreatitis in the dog, the disease process was comparable with the spontaneously occurring disease. Infusion of oleic acid into the accessory pancreatic duct induced, grossly and microscopically, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis, fat necrosis, and edema. Clinical changes included persistent fever and tachycardia in all dogs and abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea in most. Serum amylase and lipase activities increased markedly as did activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Hematologic alterations included hemoconcentration (despite intensive fluid therapy) and leukocytosis due primarily to neutrophilia and monocytosis. Neither corticosteroid nor anticholinergic therapy begun 24 to 32 hours after oleic acid infusion altered the course of the disease. Dogs survived 8 days and appeared clinically normal when the study was terminated.
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PMID:Effects of an anticholinergic and a corticosteroid on acute pancreatitis in experimental dogs. 617 2

Activities of 12 enzymes (amylase, lipase, cholinesterase, nonspecific carboxyl esterase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and peroxidase) were determined in the perienteric fluid and homogenate of Ascaris suum. With the exception of amylase, all activities were higher in the homogenate than in the perienteric fluid. The enzyme activities in the perienteric fluid were then compared with those in the human serum. Comparable activities were demonstrated for LDH, LAP, lipase and alkaline phosphatase, markedly higher activities in perienteric fluid were demonstrated for MDH, GOT, GPT and amylase, and much lower for cholinesterase. No gamma-GT activity was detected in the perienteric fluid.
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PMID:Activities of some enzymes in the perienteric fluid of Ascaris suum. 619 63

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-like activity was measured in osteonecrotic femoral heads caused by high doses of methyl prednisolone acetate in rabbits. Serum levels of cholesterol, total lipids, free fatty acids, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and lipase were also determined. There were increases in local tissue PGE2-like activity, serum cholesterol, total lipid and free fatty acid levels in rabbits with steroid-induced osteonecrosis as compared to the controls. The rabbits given aprotinin together with the steroid showed significant decreases in serum cholesterol and lipid levels coupled with a marked increase in the local PGE2-like activity. Aprotinin prevented osteonecrosis induced by steroids. The results are discussed in the light of the relevant literature.
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PMID:Isolation of prostaglandin E2-like material from osteonecrosis induced by steroids and its prevention by kallikrein-inhibitor, aprotinin. An experimental study in rabbits. 620 27


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