Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Release of macromolecules by S. digitata, in 9 different media under in vitro condition have been studied. A direct relationship between microfilariae (mf) release and associated folin positive materials was seen in majority of the cases. High activities of hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, collagenase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase were detected in the excretary-secretary products and worm preparations. Activity of collagenase could not be detected in the male worm under experimental conditions.
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PMID:In vitro release of biologically active materials from the bovine filarial parasite Setaria digitata. 181 83

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterial species of commercial value secreting numerous extracellular proteins, involved in pathogenesis. Most strains produce at least a lipase, a phospholipase, an alkaline phosphatase, an exotoxin and 2 proteases (elastase and alkaline protease). Various mechanisms for secretion of exoproteins appear to exist in P aeruginosa. Genetic analysis has led to the identification of 2 secretion pathways: i) a "general" secretion pathway, defined by the xcp mutations, which mediates secretion of most extracellular proteins, and; ii) an independent secretion pathway specific for alkaline protease. Our present knowledge on the pathways and components of the secretion machinery in P aeruginosa is reviewed in this article.
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PMID:Secretion of extracellular proteins by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 211 83

Several serum hormone concentrations, enzyme activities, and inorganic phosphate complexes were investigated in 13 hemodialyzed children, 7 kidney-transplanted children, and in 15 healthy controls. Prior to kidney transplantation 10 of the 14 tested hormone levels of hemodialyzed children differed significantly from those of healthy controls; however, after kidney transplantation most of them normalized, only the angiotensin-converting enzyme and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly elevated in comparison with the control group. Among the different inorganic phosphate complexes, dialysis had the least effect on the CaHPO4 complex. In the hemodialyzed group the plasma renin activities were decreased and the amylase and lipase activities were increased.
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PMID:Hormone, inorganic phosphate concentrations and enzyme activity in hemodialyzed and kidney-transplanted children. 213 65

Male Wistar rats were fed for four weeks on defined diets containing no fiber additions, 10% levels of insoluble fiber derivatives (cellulose or alfalfa), or 5% levels of viscous fiber derivatives (pectin, guar gum, or metamucil). After an overnight fast, the pancreas was assayed for protein, amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Homogenates of small intestinal mucosa were analyzed for protein, alkaline phosphatase, invertase and thymidine kinase. There were, with few exceptions, no dietary effects on the exocrine pancreatic enzymes. The specific activities of the villus marker enzymes (invertase and alkaline phosphatase) tended to be higher in the proximal (but not middle or distal) intestines of the fiber-fed groups, while total activities were the same in all groups. In contrast, the activity of the crypt marker, thymidine kinase, was highest in the distal intestinal segments, and even higher in animals given the alfalfa, guar gum or metamucil-supplemented diets.
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PMID:Dietary fiber and intestinal adaptation: effects on intestinal and pancreatic digestive enzyme activities. 240 60

To investigate the pathophysiology of steatorrhea in primary biliary cirrhosis, the severity of steatorrhea, small bowel histology and function, cholestasis, exocrine pancreatic secretion and liver histology were studied. Twenty-four primary biliary cirrhotic patients had a quantitative stool fat collection, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase and liver biopsies. From this group, ten had further studies: a small bowel biopsy (n = 7); a D-xylose test (n = 9); measurement of pancreatiobiliary concentrations and outputs after intravenous cholecystokinin (n = 10); essential amino acid perfusion of the duodenum (n = 9), and eating a test meal (n = 7). D-xylose absorption was normal, and only one patient had a minimal small bowel mucosal abnormality. Pancreatic lipase outputs in response to cholecystokinin were low in two primary biliary cirrhotic patients, but were greater than 10% of normal. Postprandial lipase outputs were normal except in one patient who had abnormal duodenal acidification. Mean enzyme outputs in primary biliary cirrhotic patients were normal in response to essential amino acid perfusion; but 6 had low lipase and 5 had low trypsin outputs which were associated with decreased bile acid outputs (p less than 0.03). Severity of steatorrhea was associated with reduced bile acid outputs and concentrations (r = 0.82; p less than 0.0001), degree of cholestasis (serum bilirubin; r = 0.88; p less than 0.001) and advanced histologic stages (p less than 0.005). Severe intraluminal bile acid deficiency combined with a submaximal intraluminal stimulus (essential amino acids) may be associated with decreased exocrine pancreatic secretion in primary biliary cirrhosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathogenesis of steatorrhea in primary biliary cirrhosis. 241 48

The toxicity of L-canavanine was investigated because of its demonstrated potential as an antitumor drug. This natural product was only slightly toxic to Sprague-Dawley rats following a single sc injection: the LD50 was 5.9 +/- 1 8 g/kg in adult rats and 5.0 +/- 1.0 g/kg in 10-day-old rats. Following a single dose of 2.0 g/kg, the systemic clearance value for canavanine in adult rats was 0.114 liter/hr, the volume of distribution at steady state was 0.154 liter, and the half-life was 1.56 hr. Forty-eight percent of the dose was excreted unaltered in the urine following an iv injection, and 16% of a sc dose was recovered in the urine. Bioavailability of a 2.0 g/kg sc dose was 72%. Single oral doses of canavanine were less toxic to adult rats than sc injections. Bioavailability of a 2.0 g/kg po dose was 43%, and only 1% of the administered canavanine was recovered in the urine. Twenty-one percent of the administered canavanine remained in the gastrointestinal tract 24 hr after an oral dose. Less than 1% of a 2.0 g/kg dose of L-[guanidinooxy-14C]canavanine was incorporated into the proteins of adult and neonatal rats 4 or 24 hr following administration. Repeated sc administration of canavanine resulted in more severe toxicity. Weight loss and alopecia were observed in rats given daily sc canavanine injections for 7 days. Food intake was decreased by 80% in adult rats subjected to this dosing regimen, but returned to normal after canavanine injections were terminated. Histological studies of tissues from adult rats treated with 3.0 g/kg canavanine daily for 6 days revealed pancreatic acinar cell atrophy and fibrosis. Serum amylase and lipase levels were elevated following one sc injection of 2.0 g/kg canavanine; after three daily injections both serum enzymes were depleted. Elevations in serum glucose and urea nitrogen, and depletion of cholesterol, were observed. The most significant changes were severe attenuations of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of the nonprotein amino acid L-canavanine in the rat. 244 82

In a prospective five-year study of 65 consecutive patients with upper abdominal pain the Neostigmine Morphine Test (NMT) was applied as a screen for biliary, ampullary, and pancreatic disease. Three facts emerged from this study: 1) the amylase and lipase were overly sensitive, but not specific and had only a 10 per cent predictive value for ampullary obstruction; 2) the bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were positive in patients with ampullary obstruction if they were postcholecystectomy but not so in patients with an intact gallbladder, which may be explained by the third observation; 3) the gallbladder can compensate for partial ampullary obstruction by dilatation five to ten times and by its ability to absorb 90 per cent of the water content of the bile. The Neostigmine Morphine Test is not a reliable screen for ampullary obstruction and positive findings must be confirmed by other studies.
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PMID:A second look at the neostigmine morphine test. 247 60

We noted a frequent increase in the serum enzymes amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase in patients with Wilson's disease who are receiving zinc acetate therapy (25 or 50 mg elemental zinc three times daily). Typically, values are normal before the initiation of zinc therapy, increase to slightly above normal after a few weeks of therapy, and stabilize at the high normal range after approximately a year of treatment. Very large dosages of zinc (800 mg/day) produce even further elevation of serum lipase and amylase without the symptoms of pancreatitis. Pancreatic pathologic studies of a zinc-treated rat model receiving dosages equivalent to up to 25 times the effective dosage in a human being, which is based on milligrams of zinc per kilogram of body weight, reveal that no lesions are induced by zinc treatment in the pancreas. We interpret these findings to indicate that extended maintenance therapy with zinc does not pose a risk of pancreatic damage in patients with Wilson's disease.
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PMID:Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. V. Changes in serum levels of lipase, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase in patients with Wilson's disease. 247 44

Dietary hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and gamma-isomer of HCH produced significant increase in liver weights of mice. Elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of these animals suggested hepatotoxicity. Hepatic soluble enzymes--aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase--were markedly lowered. Among the hepatic lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and acid cathepsin were increased in the experimental animals. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase was lowered by HCH while aldolase activity was increased. Hydrolytic enzymes in small intestine, viz., disaccharidases, lipase, amylase, dipeptidase and phosphatases, were also affected by dietary HCH and gamma-HCH. The results suggested cellular toxicity in hepatocytes of HCH and gamma-HCH fed animals, and also interference in gastrointestinal absorption.
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PMID:Biochemical toxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane and its gamma-isomer in albino mice. 248 47

The author examined a group of 143 patients with osteomalacia of different origin before treatment and after adequate treatment with vitamin D, using laboratory tests, assessment of body weight and muscular strength (grip of the dominant hand). After treatment there was a significant rise of calcaemia, phosphataemia and calciuria and a drop of alkaline phosphatase activity. The body weight increased within the first month of treatment on average by 1.27 kg, during the second month by another 1.15 kg. The patients gained a total of 2.42 kg. The muscular strength increased during the first month on average by 3.23 kg and during the second month by another 2.16 kg, i.e. a total of 5.39 kg. From these results it may be concluded that vitamin D may have a certain anabolic effect if used in pharmacological does either due to an increased nutrient absorption from the gut because of hypertrophy of the intestinal wall or indirectly via hypercalcaemia which increases the hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach as well as pepsin secretion, and promotes activation of trypsin and lipase in the duodenum and moreover causes retardation of the intestinal transit. The increased muscular strength in due to a rise of calcaemia, improved muscle contraction and probably also due to the mentioned nutritional factors. There may be also the factor of an improved lifestyle due to the immunomodulating action of vitamin D and disappearance of bone pain.
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PMID:[Anabolic effects of vitamin D in patients with osteomalacia]. 263 59


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