Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of Zn2+ on the inactivation of alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1 3.1] in serum during preincubation with 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) buffers was investigated. Addition of Zn2+ to the buffer before preincubation increases the enzyme activity. An optimum Zn2+ concentration different for each lot of AMP buffer can be found, at which the enzyme activities are restored to a level equal to activities measured without preincubation. There is a relation between the inactivating properties of the different AMP buffers and the amount of Zn2+ needed to prevent this inactivation. Since Zn2+ chelating substituted diamines are held responsible for the inactivation by removing Zn2+ from the enzyme, we assume that the addition of Zn2+ to the buffer prevents this removal. As Zn2+ itself is an inhibitor of the enzyme, the addition of both too much or too little Zn2+ results in lower enzyme activities after preincubation with AMP buffer.
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PMID:Influence of zinc ions addition to different lots of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) buffer on the alkaline phosphatase activities. 49 32

Eight weeks following pinealectomy in adult male Wistar rats, zinc levels of various tissues were found to be significantly altered: zinc in thoracic aorta was significantly increased, and in serum, pituitary, adrenal, heart, lung, and body hair, it was decreased. Serum biochemical analysis indicated that there was a significant elevation of cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, urea, and creatinine in serum from pinealectomised rats. Liver, spleen, and thymus weights were lower following pinealectomy, although hearts were increased. The effects of pinealectomy on zinc levels in serum and tissues and on serum cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase may be related to its effects on vascular reactivity and liver fibrosis.
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PMID:Alteration of tissue zinc distribution and biochemical analysis of serum following pinealectomy in the rat. 54 73

Ten blood properties--total protein, cholesterol, zinc turbidity test, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red and white blood cell counts--were measured in primiparous cows at three different stages near parturition, 260 days of pregnancy, 5 days and 35 days after parturition. Experiments were performed in two seasons, winter (January to April) and summer (June to September), using eleven cows in each seasonal group. The degree of inclusive variation of the ten blood properties by discriminant analysis was low in winter and very high in summer between 260 days of pregnancy and 5 days after parturition. It was high in both seasons between 5 days and 35 days after parturition. In addition, in comparison between the corresponding stages in the two seasonal groups, the degree was higher in summer than in winter. The discrepancy in the seasonal patterns seemed to occur by the differences in environmental factors, such as temperature and feeding conditions, in addition to stresses due to pregnancy, parturition and lactation. It was verified that discriminant analysis, one of the multivariate analyses was useful for an inclusive, objective judgment on data of multiple clinical examinations in dairy cows.
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PMID:[Discriminant analysis applied to blood components in dairy cows before and after delivery]. 55 1

The zinc requirement and signs of zinc deficiency of the young guinea pig were investigated. One-week-old Hartley guinea pigs were fed low-zinc, semipurified diets with either 30% EDTA-treated casein or 30% EDTA-treated soybean protein as the protein source. Zinc was supplemented as ZnCO3 at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 60 ppm (casein diets) and 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 60 ppm (soybean protein diets). Specificity of zinc deficiency was determined by rapid growth response to zinc supplementation following a 4-week period of zinc depletion. Significant growth retardation and decreased feed efficiency were seen in guinea pigs fed casein diets with 3 ppm zinc or less added, or soybean diets with 5 ppm zinc or less added. Plasma zinc concentration was significantly decreased in guinea pigs fed soybean diets supplemented with 20 ppm zinc or less. Less dramatic trends of decreased plasma zinc level were seen when low-zinc casein diets were fed. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity showed significant decreases when 9 ppm zinc or less was added to casein diets and when 20 ppm zinc or less was added to soybean protein diets. Zinc (12 ppm) added to casein diets and 20 ppm zinc added to zinc soybean protein diets supported maximal growth rate for the 3-week duration of the feeding trials.
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PMID:Zinc requirement of the young guinea pig. 56 Apr 31

3 preparations of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate were administered to 34 climacteric and 175 postmenopausal women to treat climacteric symptoms and symptoms of estrogen deficiency. 56 women were treated with trisekvens (Group 1), 131 with trisekvens forte (Group 2), and 22 with estrofem forte (Group 3). Triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium, sodium and potassium ions, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, glucose, protein, albumin, haptoglobin, zinc sulphate, iron, TIBC, bilirubin, ALAT and ASAT, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and low polar estrogens (LPE) were measured. All patients exhibited lowered S-cholesterols which reverted to normal after 6 months treatment. S-triglycerides were unchanged except in Group 1 patients where there was a slight increase after 24 months use (p .01). Serum FSH and LH decreased during treatment and this decrease was most pronounced in Groups 2 and 3. Serum LPE levels increased in Group 1, for climacteric women, to normal luteal values and in postmenopausal women to proliferation values. In groups 2 and 3, serum LPG for postmenopausal women reached luteal values. Climacteric symptoms disappeared with therapy and there was an improvement in symptoms caused by estrogen deficiency. 34 patients discontinued treatment, 14 changing to another preparation. These preparations were well tolerated with few side effects.
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PMID:Treatment of climacteric and postmenopausal women with 17-beta-oestradiol and norethisterone acetate. 60 3

1-Pyrrolidinecarbothioic acid (2-pyridylmethylene) hydrazide chelates Zn2+ but not Mg2+. This compound is about twice as effective as EDTA for inhibiting alkaline phosphatase from calf mucosa, and approx. 1000-fold more effective than EDTA for inhibiting acid phosphatase from wheat germ. The compound did not inhibit pyridoxine kinase activity in human leucocytes at the highest concentration tested (33 micron). Therefore it may be a useful tool for either examining or eliminating the effects of phosphatases in complex enzyme systems.
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PMID:Simplified preparation of a phosphatase inhibitor and further studies of its action. 65 57

In the livers of pregnant rats an anabolic effect was found for zinc which, however, developed analogously to the enlargement of the organ. Femur and muscle did not reveal any super-retention of zinc during pregnancy. In the whole organism, a 10% increased zinc storage was found being attributable to stronger accumulation in the reproductive organs (3%) and in the liver (1%) and in other organs (6%) that were not under study. Higher Zn supply did not allow to increase this additional zinc storage during pregnancy. After lactation, the anabolic effect in the livers had declined, the Zn values of the lactating rats remaining, on the whole, at the same level as those of the pregnant animals. The Zn-serum concentrations as well as the alkaline phosphatase and carboxy peptidase A activities of the pancreatic gland were reduced during pregnancy, whilst the alkaline phosphatase activity in the femur increased. This finding is discussed in relation to Zn-supply and Zn-mobilisation.
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PMID:[Zinc anabolism during pregnancy]. 67 11

Recent findings indicate that the buffer 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, widely used in clinical measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity, contains an impurity that inhibits the activity of the enzyme. Analysis of several lots of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol has demonstrated the presence of a material, the concentration of which correlates well with alkaline phosphatase activity. Mass spectral analysis of this material indicates that it is a substituted ethylenediamine compound. Zinc chelation is discussed as a possible mode of its inhibition. Further work is in progress to separate and characterize this and other compounds in the buffer and to determine their modes and degrees of alkaline phosphatase inhibition.
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PMID:An impurity in the buffer 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, which correlates with depression of measured alkaline phosphatase activity. 68 26

The effects of a mild zinc-deficient state in humans were studied. Four male volunteers received restricted zinc intake for several weeks under strict metabolic conditions. As a result of dietary zinc restriction, a decrease in zinc concentration of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and urine was observed. Changes in the activities of zinc-dependent enzymes in the plasma such as alkaline phosphatase and ribonuclease were also related to the dietary zinc status. An adverse effect of zinc restriction on total protein, total collagen, ribonucleic acid, and the activity of deoxythymidine kinase (a zinc-dependent enzyme) in the sponge connective tissue of the two volunteers in whom this test was done was noted. During the zinc restriction period, the ammonia level in the plasma was elevated. Weight loss occurred in all subjects as a result of dietary zinc restriction. Inasmuch as the zinc-deficient state was mild, this study provides a basis for developing diagnostic criteria for zinc deficiency in humans.
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PMID:Experimental zinc deficiency in humans. 69 27

This is a review of multiple pathologic conditions associated with altered taste perception and identification. We stated the steps and the molecular basis of this sense. This paper includes two cases that exemplify two distinct types of dysgeusia; case, 1 a 48 year old man who had clinical manifestations of hypogeusia and dysgeusia for one year, probably secondary to air pollutants. Case 2, a 37 year old man who worked in the same factory and also had dysgeusia; we concluded that it was secondary to thermal and chemical agression of the oropharynx; his plasma and urinary levels of zinc were normal. Many medications and contaminants of air and water are related with changes in serum and urine levels of zinc, which is a determinant at several levels for the correct integration of the taste system. Namely it is important for synthesis of the metalloprotein, gustin, a parotid gland protein secreted into saliva, which in turns is very important to make union of the sapid substance (SS) with its receptor in the surface of the gustatory epithelium a the taste buds. Zinc is also related with neurotransmission of the electrical stimulus generated in the bud cell and ending in the central nervous system. There is an acute zinc loss syndrome, seen in patients treated with histidine, which simulates the steps in which taste sensation is integrated. A clinical approach for diagnosis of hypogeusic or dysgeusic patients must include a careful evaluation of the diat elements, an assesment of hereditary disorders, the type of work and contact with pollutants known to be related with dysgeusia. A special care regarding physical examination must be considered in particular a meticulous review of the oropharynx in order to diagnose inflammatory, neoplastic or neurological disorders. The levels of perception an identification of flavors: sweet, bitter, sour and salt, must be determined using the forced scale triple choice technic. Serum and urinary levels of zinc should be determined in each patient using a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A quantification of the activity of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase, a zinc metalloenzyme, is a useful aid, liver function tests. 13 and 14 determinations and serum protein electrophoresis are mandatory because many pathologic states of these organ systems are known to be related with disorders of taste. We wish to remark the important function of zinc in the taste system, the role of essential trace elements is receiving increased atention and these alterations are good examples of their clinical importance.
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PMID:[Dysgeusias]. 71 45


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