Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) and its cupric ion chelate complexes on alkaline phosphatase (APase) catalysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis at pH 7.2 has been determined. Both IHP and (IHP-Cu) complexes, but not Cu(II) alone, are effective inhibitors of the enzyme and are of the strictly competitive type with Ki values in the microM range. Without added inhibitors present, the kinetic parameters are kcat 5.7 x 10(3) min(-1); and KM, 18 microM. In the presence of 62 microM IHP, kcat was essentially unchanged with an apparent KM of 68 microM giving a Ki of 22 microM. In the presence of an (IHP-Cu) complex (62 microM IHP, 128 microM Cu(II], the apparent KM was 55 microM and Ki was 30 microM. At a ratio of Cu(II):IHP of 6.0 (372:62 microM) the apparent KM was 30 microM and Ki was 94 microM. The inhibitory effect of (IHP-Cu) complexes thus decreases as the IHP binding sites for cupric ions become saturated. A high ionic strength environment markedly reduces the inhibitory effect of IHP. Previous studies have also shown that rates of APase inactivation by (IHP-Cu) complexes are also ionic strength sensitive [1]. The inhibition of APase activity by either IHP or its coordinate complexes with cupric ions is evidence for their interaction at the enzyme's catalytic sites. Such results thus provide support for an essential element of the mechanism previously suggested for the reversible inactivation (as opposed to inhibition) of APase by (IHP-Cu) chelate complexes, viz., that it may be due to a metal ion exchange reaction leading to the formation of a Cu(II)-substituted enzyme.
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PMID:Reversible inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase by inositol hexaphosphate and its Cu(II) coordinate complexes. 188 Apr 99

Tin is usually present in foods at levels of less than 4 micrograms/g. Higher levels may be found in some processed foods due to the addition of tin-based preservatives and stabilizers or to corrosion and leaching of the metal from unlacquered cans or from tin foils used in packaging. Estimates of dietary intake range from about 0.2 to greater than 5 mg Sn/day. Diets including a high proportion of canned vegetables and fish could supply greater than 30 mg Sn/day. Although intakes from dietary sources are generally considered to be harmless, a variety of adverse effects of tin have been reported, including effects on serum and bone alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, heme oxygenase, and 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Perturbations in glutathione metabolism have been reported, as have adverse effects on metabolism of essential trace minerals such as copper, zinc, and iron. Specific effects on calcium content of bone, serum, and kidney have also been described. Reported effects vary with the chemical form, dose of tin, and route and frequency of administration. Effects of tin in animal systems and on essential trace mineral absorption and excretion in human volunteers are reviewed. A summary of recent investigations on dietary tin-copper interactions and effects of tin on rat hepatocellular antioxidant protection are also presented.
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PMID:Anti-nutritive effects of dietary tin. 189 7

Establishing a diagnosis of fulminant Wilson's disease can be difficult because Kayser-Fleischer rings may not be present and parameters of copper metabolism, including serum and urinary copper, and serum ceruloplasmin levels are neither specific nor diagnostic. In this study, ratios of both the serum alkaline phosphatase to total bilirubin and aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase were constructed to evaluate their usefulness in differentiating fulminant hepatic failure caused by Wilson's disease (n = 6) from other etiologies (n = 43). An analysis of the data showed that cutoff values of less than 2.0 for the alkaline phosphatase-total bilirubin ratio and greater than 4.0 for the aspartate transaminase ratio were associated with a diagnosis of fulminant hepatic failure caused by Wilson's disease only (P less than 0.001). The alkaline phosphatase-total bilirubin ratio of less than 2.0 provided 100% sensitivity and specificity in identifying fulminant hepatic failure caused by Wilson's disease from other types of fulminant hepatic failure.
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PMID:Clinical differentiation of fulminant Wilsonian hepatitis from other causes of hepatic failure. 200 14

A pedicle graft of the jejunum can in some cases enlarge a bile duct stricture. The enlargement of the patch and its consequences on the liver function are possible problems. In an animal experiment the following questions were sought. 1) Is a partial replacement of the bile duct with a pedicle graft of small bowel possible? 2) Is there an enlargement of the patch in every case and what are the consequences on the biliary tract and on liver function. The experiments were performed on 14 minipigs over a long-term observation period of 450 days. The red and white blood cell count, the GPT, GOT, GPT, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase and copper were checked monthly. After 2, 6 and 12 months the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tract were visualized via a PTC. After 8 months an angiography of the pedicle graft was performed. 15 months later the animals were killed and the bile duct, the graft and the liver were histologically examined. 1) With a pedicle graft of small bowel a partial replacement of the extrahepatic bile duct is possible. 2) An enlargement of the patch is seen in every case. The enlargement is a consequence of tension at the pedicle. After 15 months no morphological changes were observed at the patch nor were there any irregularities in liver function.
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PMID:[Animal experiment studies of pedicled small intestine transplantation as partial extrahepatic bile duct replacement]. 205 44

The presence of aluminium, iron, copper, zinc and manganum was evaluated in workers who were professionally exposed to aeropollution, especially to metals i.e. aluminium (n = 25) and workers who were not exposed to toxic noxe (= 18). The instantaneous presence of metal concentrations in the blood and urine was not a sufficient sign in the evaluation of the body burden. The intramuscular administration of desferrioxamine had a significant effect on the mobilization of iron- and aluminium-depots. On the basis of increased aluminium elimination, changed values of total transferrin (TIBC) and increased activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum provoked by desferrioxamine it was possible to evaluate the presence of aluminium in exposed workers. According to the obtained results desferrioxamine had no effect on copper, zinc and manganum in the organism of these workers.
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PMID:[The effect of desferrioxamine in aluminum-processing workers]. 210 49

Serum levels of zinc, copper, and selenium, and alkaline phosphatase activity were prospectively studied in 29 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Fifteen patients had extensive active colitis (active colitis group). Seven patients had active, and seven cases inactive small bowel or ileocecal Crohn's disease (small bowel disease group). Ninety-three healthy subjects acted as controls. Serum trace element levels were considered in relation to vitamin A and E levels, nutritional parameters, the activity of the disease, and the recent intake of steroids. The effect of total enteral nutrition on serum trace elements was studied in seven cases. Serum zinc levels were lower and serum copper levels higher in the active colitis group than in controls (p = 0.0007, and p = 0.02, respectively). More than 50% of patients with active colonic or small bowel disease showed zinc levels below the 15th percentile of the control group. Serum zinc levels correlated with plasma vitamin A in acute colitis (r = 0.67; p = 0.006), and with both serum albumin concentration (r = 0.76; p = 0.002) and disease activity score (r = -0.67, p = 0.009) in patients with small bowel disease. The copper:zinc ratio was higher in the active colitis group than in controls (p = 0.002). In spite of the increase in serum albumin levels and the decrease in disease activity, serum zinc levels remained low after total enteral nutrition. The implications of the abnormal trace element status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are discussed.
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PMID:Serum zinc, copper, and selenium levels in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of total enteral nutrition on trace element status. 212 4

The early wound healing phases, and zinc and copper metabolism were assessed in traumatized insulin dependent diabetic rats. Granulation tissue was obtained by implanting Ivalon sponges subcutaneously and analysed on the fourth and seventh postoperative days by applying quantitative biochemical methods. The DNA content on day 4 and the amounts of RNA, hydroxyproline and hemoglobin on day 7 were significantly lower in granulation tissue from diabetic rats. The alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), was raised in the diabetic granulation tissue. The concentrations of zinc and copper were found to be increased in the kidney of diabetic rats compared with operated, non-diabetic controls. Our data suggest that the early granulation tissue formation is disturbed, with a prolonged inflammatory phase, decreased collagen formation and reduced vascularization. Zinc and copper are accumulated in the kidney of rats with uncontrolled, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Granulation tissue formation and metabolism of zinc and copper in alloxan-diabetic rats. 245 32

The effect of the presence of a copper-containing IUD in situ on endometrial tissue was studied in 38 women, only 2 of which were nulliparous. The study showed that changes in the components of endometrial secretions correlate to a decrease in secretory activity when an IUD is present. At the actual sight, a decrease in epitope was noticeable. In epithelial intracellular locations, the absence of epitope in bulk secretion in glandular lumens leads to the conclusion that there has been an impairment in the biosynthesis process. The IUD also inhibits secretory activity of endometrium. Increased copper ion concentration, although the effect on enzymes is unknown, does effect enzymatic activities such as betaglucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase. Many theories have been proposed to explain the contraceptive process of an IUD; however, the only plausible theory is one that identifies the many reactions caused by an IUD at the early reproductive stage rather than any one specific reaction. The study focuses on the endometrial response in female contraception and use of the IUD.
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PMID:The effect of the intrauterine contraceptive device on endometrial secretory function: a possible mode of action. 247 76

To determine the adequacy of zinc and copper supplementation for infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), we performed 24-h balance studies in infants with diarrhea and infants who had recently undergone surgery. Measurements were made at base line, 1, and 2 wk. Mean serum Zn and Cu levels of the diarrhea group remained normal and were low in the postoperative group but normalized over the study period. Mean 24-h Zn and Cu balances were positive in infants with diarrhea and negative in postoperative infants. The high Zn and Cu content in the gastrointestinal fluid loss associated with surgery may have accounted in part for this finding. Normal serum levels of Zn and Cu did not guarantee positive balance. No significant changes were found in serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, or ceruloplasmin. The current Zn and Cu recommendations may be appropriate only for hospitalized infants who have no excessive gastrointestinal fluid losses.
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PMID:Zinc and copper balance studies in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. 249 35

Legionella pneumophila infection of guinea-pigs by the aerosol route with either of two strains, one (serogroup I) giving an acute the other (serogroup 3) giving a protracted illness, induced a pyrexia and similar pneumonic lesions. With both strains there was a bacteraemia with early decreases in serum iron and zinc and increases in serum copper concentrations. Marked changes in other serum components were evident only in those animals which had protracted illness (serogroup 3-infected animals). These included transient increases in aminotransferase, creatine kinase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities and triglyceride levels, together with gradual decreases in alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities. Serum lysozyme activity and acute-phase protein synthesis increased, as did the ratio of phenylalanine to tyrosine. The findings confirm the relevance of the aerosol-infected guinea-pig model for the investigation of the disease processes and evaluation of therapeutic measures for use in man.
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PMID:Clinical chemical responses to experimental airborne legionellosis in the guinea-pig. 258 May 46


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