Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Copper was accidentally introduced into seawater entering a circular outdoor tank used to culture 610 pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) and other marine teleosts. Fish were exposed for 23 hours to copper concentrations between 0.2 parts per million (ppm) and 7.2 ppm with an average concentration of 3.3 ppm. The pinfish were lethergic by 6 hours after copper was introduced into the tank. Deaths began within 10 hours with a total of 575 (94%) deaths. Deaths stopped 11 hours after copper concentrations decreased below 0.2 ppm and signs of distress stopped in surviving pinfish by approximately 6 hours after the last death. Serum urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) concentrations were increased and represent those constitutents which differ from mean control values by more than 2 standard deviations. Electrolyte imbalance, apparently resulting from impaired osmoregulation and hemolysis, was a serious terminal condition in copper-poisoned pinfish.
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PMID:Acute copper poisoning of cultured marine teleosts. 85 Dec 86

Forty 100 g male rats were fed, in groups of eight, either 0, 5, or 25 ppm cadmium in a purified diet for 14 wk. Three groups were fed each of the levels of cadmium on an ad libitum basis. Two other groups were fed either 0 or 5 ppm cadmium in amounts that were equalized to that consumed by the 25 ppm group fed ad libitum. Cadmium ingestion decreased daily diet consumption, weight gain, and terminal body weight. These parameters were not significantly different in rats whose diet consumption was equalized. Packed cell volume and serum iron as well as serum zinc were decreased in the rats fed 25 ppm cadmium. These effects were not related to diet intake. No major differences were observed in serum ceruloplasmin, glucose, protein, leucine aminopeptidase activity, or copper in any of the groups. Blood urea nitrogen and renal leucine aminopeptidase activity were decreased by cadmium ingestion in the rats fed ad libitum only. In contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated by cadmium in the equalized-intake groups only. Cadmium and zinc concentrations were elevated and the iron concentration was decreased in the kidney, liver, and intestinal mucosa of the cadmium-fed rats irrespective of level of diet consumption. The increased uptake of cadmium in these tissues was coincident with the increased content of the cadmium-binding protein, metallothionein, in the cytosol fraction. The results indicate that some parameters of chronic cadmium toxicity are associated with diet consumption whereas others are not.
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PMID:Biomedical responses of rats to chronic exposure to dietary cadmium fed in ad libitum and equalized regimes. 85 45

The effect of a plastic and a copper IUD on the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase in the rabbit endo mentrium during early pseudopregnancy was investigated. The activities of the 2 lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were increased in surface epithelial cells in the presence of both types of IUDs. The alkaline phosphatase activity was almost completely abolished in endometrial cells exposed to the copper IUD and in surface and glandular epithelial cells in uterine horns.
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PMID:Effect of a copper and a plastic IUD on the histochemistry of endometrial enzymes in the rabbit during early pseudopregnancy. 93 89

1. The effects of copper and zinc on organ cultures of chick embryo cartilage and bone maintained in low-trace-metal, chemically defined media for up to 8 d were studied macroscopically, histologically and histochemically. Length and wet-weight measurement of explants were assessed statistically. 2. No effects were found with Cu concentrations of 0-5-1-5 mug/ml medium. Between concentrations of 5 and 40 mug Cu/ml medium, lengths and wet-weights of cartilage cultures decreased significantly (P less than 0-001) compared with controls. The decrease was directly proportional to increasing Cu concentration, and that of the length was greater with increasing period of culture (P less than 0-001). 3. With 5--20 mug Cu/ml medium cartilage and bone became yellow in colour, and chondrocytes were swollen, rounded and basophilic. They were detached from their lacunae and the quantity of matrix was reduced. Loss of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity and disappearance of glycogen accompanied the degeneration. Osteogenesis ceased, cells failed to divide and mature, lost their enzymes and died. Cu did not accumulate in the bone matrix. 4. The direct toxic effects of Cu for cartilage and bone may underlie some of the skeletal changes in hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease). 5. As Zn concentrations were increased from 2-5 to 7-5 mug/ml medium, lengths and wet-weights of cartilaginous cultures were significantly increased (P less than 0-001). As Zn concentrations were further increased (from 10 to 40 mug/ml medium), lengths and wet-weights were significantly decreased (P less than 0-001). 6. Zn stimulated chondrocyte division and vacuolation of cytoplasm. With higher Zn concentrations toxic changes of granular basophilia, lacunar detachment and necrosis were seen. Differentiation and functioning of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondroclasts were stimulated by Zn. 7. Zn was found in bone matrix, osteoblasts, osteocytes and hypertrophied chondrocytes.
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PMID:The histological effects of copper and zinc on chick embryo skeletal tissues in organ culture. 95 37

Lameness in a group of 5- to 12-month-old calves was found to be clinically, radiographically, and pathologically associated with abnormal bone development of the distal growth plates of the metacarpus and metatarsus. Copper concentrations in serum and liver were low. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values were normal. In pasture forage samples, sulfate, zinc, and molybdenum concentrations were high, whereas copper, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were normal. Red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin values were within normal limits. Radiographic findings included a widened zone of cartilage and lipping of the medial and lateral areas of the physeal plate. Histologic findings included focal widenings of the growth plate consisting of tongues of uncalcified cartilage.
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PMID:Abnormal bone development and lameness associated with secondary copper deficiency in young cattle. 114 Oct 41

The development of the syndrome of chronic intrahepatic cholestasis in five young, black men who had systemic granulomatous disease and clinical features consistent with those of sarcoidosis is described. Clinical and biochemical aspects, similar to those of primary biliary cirrhosis, included pruritus, jaundice, hepatomegaly and striking elevations of serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol. (One patient had skin xanthomas.) Mitochondrial antibodies were not found; and survival of the patients (7 to 18 years) exceeded the usual survival of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The histologic abnormalities included noncaseating granulomas, chronic intrahepatic cholestasis, increased copper in hepatocytes, progressive diminution in number of interiobular bile ducts, periportal fibrosis and the eventual development of a micronodular "biliary" cirrhosis. The histologic evolution of the disease suggests a slow, progressive destruction of the bile ducts by granulomas. Although the end stage of this syndrome resembles primary biliary cirrhosis, the characteristic nonsuppurative, destructive cholangitis of primary biliary cirrhosis was not present.
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PMID:Chronic intrahepatic cholestasis of sarcoidosis. 116 46

Two experiments were performed to confirm that boron interacts with calcium, and that this interaction can be modified by dietary magnesium and potassium in the rat. Upon manipulating the dietary variables listed above, it was found that under certain conditions, boron and calcium deprivation similarly affected several variables; for example, they both could be made to elevate plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and to depress femur calcium concentration. Under some dietary conditions, both boron and calcium deprivation affected some variables related to blood or iron metabolism. However, the effects of dietary boron and calcium on spleen weight/body weight ratio, hematocrit, and femur iron concentration generally were not similar. Femur copper, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc also were affected by an interaction between boron and calcium under some dietary conditions. The findings show that there is a relationship between boron and calcium, but they do not clearly indicate the nature of the relationship. However, the data suggest that boron and calcium act on similar systems in the rat.
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PMID:Studies of the interaction between boron and calcium, and its modification by magnesium and potassium, in rats. Effects on growth, blood variables, and bone mineral composition. 128 90

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fibre supplementation on zinc, iron and copper status in human subjects. Ten males (53 +/- 8 years of age) participated in this study which consisted of three phases: baseline-1 period (2 weeks) in which subjects were on their normal, habitual dietary intake, followed by a period of fibre supplementation (5 weeks) in which subjects were supplemented with 26 g dietary fibre/d, and baseline-2 period (4 weeks) in which fibre supplement was withdrawn. Parametric measurements of zinc, iron and copper status were conducted on weeks 1,2 (zero-time), 7 and 11. Results showed that fibre supplementation for 5 weeks did not cause any significant change in the status of zinc (measured by concentration of zinc in plasma and urine and alkaline phosphatase activity), iron (measured by packed cell volume (PCV%), HB, transferrin saturation % and ferritin), or copper (measured by plasma copper concentration and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity). We conclude that consumption of sugar-beet fibre added to the daily diet does not constitute any risk with respect to zinc, iron and copper nutriture.
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PMID:The effects of sugar-beet fibre supplementation for five weeks on zinc, iron and copper status in human subjects. 131 63

Ubiquinol-1 in aerated aqueous solution inactivates several enzymes--alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, Na+/K(+)-ATPase, creatine kinase and glutamine synthetase--but not isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. Ubiquinone-1 and/or H2O2 do not affect the activity of alkaline phosphatase and glutamine synthetase chosen as model enzymes. Dioxygen and transition metal ions, even if in trace amounts, are essential for the enzyme inactivation, which indeed does not occur under argon atmosphere or in the presence of metal chelators. Supplementation with redox-active metal ions (Fe3+ or Cu2+), moreover, potentiates alkaline phosphatase inactivation. Since catalase and peroxidase protect while superoxide dismutase does not, hydrogen peroxide rather than superoxide anion seems to be involved in the inactivation mechanism through which oxygen active species (hydroxyl radical or any other equivalent species) are produced via a modified Haber-Weiss cycle, triggered by metal-catalyzed oxidation of ubiquinol-1. The lack of efficiency of radical scavengers and the almost complete protection afforded by enzyme substrates and metal cofactors indicate a 'site-specific' radical attack as responsible for the oxidative damage.
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PMID:Enzyme inactivation by metal-catalyzed oxidation of coenzyme Q1. 135 46

The rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) was exposed to copper (Cu) for short (48 hr) and long (8 weeks) terms and effects on enzyme activities and biochemical variables in the blood and tissues were examined. In vivo exposure to 571 micrograms CuSO4/liter (96-hr median tolerance limit (TLm)) for 48 hr stimulated to varying degrees acid phosphatase (AcP), alkaline phosphatase (AlP) (except in the liver), and acetylcholinesterase activities in selected tissues. The alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (except in the heart) activities were inhibited to varying degrees in vivo. In vitro, the presence of 10(-6) M Cu suppressed enzyme activities in the tissues examined, with a few exceptions such as AcP in ovaries and gut, AlP in liver, gills, gut, and testes, and LDH in liver. Hyperglycemia, hyperlactemia, hyperproteinemia, elevated blood free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and hypocholesterolemia were manifested in the fish exposed to 190 micrograms CuSO4/liter (1/3 96-hr TLm). Effects on the tissues included glycogenolysis (liver and skeletal muscles), glycogenesis (brain and heart), a marked rise in hepatic proteins, accumulation of FFAs in liver and skeletal muscles, and reduction in hepatic and gonadal cholesterol contents. After 8 weeks, a trend toward recovery was noted in the biochemical variables (except blood and hepatic protein levels).
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PMID:Short- and long-term effects of copper on the rosy barb (Puntius conchonius Ham.). 137 34


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