Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunohistochemical methods have been used to localize an HCV antigen on paraffin embedded liver tissue sections by means of monoclonal antibodies to C100-3 nonstructural protein. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase, biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase and immunogold silver staining methods showed a nuclear staining of the hepatocytes in cases of chronic hepatitis with positive HCV serology, alcoholic liver disease and hepatocarcinoma. No cross reactions were observed with viral hepatitis B and delta antigens. The strongest reaction without background staining was obtained with immunogold silver staining. Nuclear localization was compared to the cytoplasmic staining described in the literature.
...
PMID:Nuclear immunostaining of hepatitis C infected hepatocytes with monoclonal antibodies to C100-3 nonstructural protein. Comparison of immunogold silver staining with other immunohistochemical methods. 787 66

The cellular co-expression of adenosine A2a receptor mRNA and preproenkephalin A (PPE A) mRNA and A2a receptor mRNA and prosomatostatin (pSRIF) mRNA in rat striatum was studied using a combination of radioactive and non-radioactive in situ hybridization techniques. Cells containing adenosine A2a receptor mRNA were visualised using an 35S-labelled oligonucleotide whilst those containing PPE A mRNA and pSRIF mRNA were detected using alkaline phosphatase-labelled antisense oligonucleotides; both radioactive and non-radioactive hybridization signals were visualized on the same tissue section. Bright field examination of striatal sections hybridized with both the [35S]adenosine A2a receptor probe and the alkaline phosphatase-labelled PPE A probe revealed dense clusters of silver grains overlying cells containing alkaline phosphatase reaction product demonstrating that the two gene transcripts were expressed by the same medium-sized nerve cells. The cellular expression of the two mRNAs was consistently found to be concordant demonstrating that adenosine A2a receptor mRNA is expressed by medium-sized striatal enkephalin cells. In contrast, clusters of silver grains were never detected overlying striatal cells containing pSRIF mRNA indicating that this population of interneurones do not express the adenosine A2a receptor sub-type. The expression of adenosine A2a receptors by enkephalin cells in striatum suggests that adenosine may play a role in modulating the activity of GABA/enkephalin striatopallidal neurones through interaction with A2a receptors.
...
PMID:Adenosine A2a receptor mRNA is expressed by enkephalin cells but not by somatostatin cells in rat striatum: a co-expression study. 791 1

The complex vasculature of the human nasal mucosa plays an important role in the protection of the lower respiratory airways. It has to react to different external and internal stimuli and is under control of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of our study was to detect the precise localisation of neural structures in human nasal mucosa vessels under physiological conditions. Silver impregnation and histochemical staining techniques only allowed a partial aspect of autonomic innervation. Modern immunostaining methods with antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein proved to be better for the demonstration of nerve structures. Tissue samples were taken from inferior turbinates received at mucotomy in 42 patients. After fixation the samples were embedded in paraffin wax and cut into serial sections. Additionally frozen sections were performed. The immunocomplexes were visualised by the avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) or by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. A high density of S-100 and NSE immunoreactivity of neuronal and glial components of autonomic innervation could be demonstrated in the vessels of human nasal turbinates. Branching off relatively thick nerve bundles of the lamina propria fibres extended to the adventitia of the arteries near the periost and formed a periarterial nerve plexus. Fibres of this plexus supplied the smooth muscle tissue of the tunica media. Around veins only a few single nerve fibres could be demonstrated. By using immunocytochemical techniques it is possible to correlate the localisation of the classical neurotransmitters and multiple vasoactive neuropeptides with the corresponding innervation structures of the complex vasculature in human nasal mucosa.
...
PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of the neuroanatomy of the nasal turbinate in man. Innervation pattern of the blood vessels]. 814 55

A major impasse to understanding the physiologic role(s) of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is uncertainty as to its natural substrates. Various in vitro studies have led other investigators to suggest that ALP functions as a plasma membrane phosphoprotein phosphatase, consistent with our demonstration of ecto-topography of ALP in a variety of cell types. Thus, we compared the phosphorylation of plasma membrane proteins from control fibroblasts to those from profoundly ALP-deficient fibroblasts of hypophosphatasia patients. Fibroblasts from 3 controls and 3 hypophosphatasia patients (ALP activity < 4% of control) were biosynthetically labeled with 32Pi for 2 h. 32P incorporation into total trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable material was not significantly different in control and patient cells. Plasma membranes were prepared from these cells by hypotonic shock, solubilized, and subjected to two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoretic separation. Video densitometric analysis of silver-stained 2-D gels failed to reveal any consistent difference in the protein profile between patient vs. control fibroblasts (i.e., unique species, altered pls, or increased abundance). Autoradiography of individual 2-D gels demonstrated 63 plasma membrane phosphoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 15 to 152 kDa and predominantly acidic pls. Although several of these phosphoproteins appeared to have had donor-specific labeling, none was unique or especially abundant in the hypophosphatasia group. Thus, in ALP-deficient fibroblasts, normal incorporation of 32P into total cellular protein and into all identifiable plasma membrane phosphoproteins indicates that ALP does not modulate the phosphorylation of plasma membrane proteins.
...
PMID:Evidence against a role for alkaline phosphatase in the dephosphorylation of plasma membrane proteins: hypophosphatasia fibroblast study. 822 82

To facilitate cell kinetics studies of brain tumors labeled with thymidine analogs, we developed a new method to identify nuclei labeled sequentially with bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) by double staining with immunogold-silver and alkaline phosphatase. Patients received an intraoperative infusion of BUdR; excised tumor specimens were immediately labeled with IUdR in vitro, fixed with 70% alcohol, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 6 microns sections. The sections were incubated first with BR-3, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes only BUdR, and then with IU-4, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes both BUdR and IUdR; sections were counterstained with hematoxylin to identify unlabeled nuclei. Nuclei labeled only with IUdR stained red, whereas those labeled with BUdR or with both BUdR and IUdR stained black against a red background; unlabeled nuclei stained blue. This method was the most efficient differential staining technique to identify nuclei labeled only with IUdR and those labeled with BUdR among unlabeled nuclei.
...
PMID:Immunohistochemical double staining with immunogold-silver and alkaline phosphatase to identify nuclear markers of cellular proliferation. 838 43

In situ hybridization using biotinylated DNA probes has become an important tool in histopathology. It is well known that the sensitivity of the methods used to demonstrate viral DNA in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimen depends strongly on the detection system used. In the present study, an optimized in situ DNA hybridization protocol was combined with four different approaches of gold-silver staining methods. For silver enhancement, the recently described method of silver acetate autometallography, a technique allowing highly efficient development without the necessity of dark room illumination has been used. The most efficient detection method found in our experiments was the use of gold-adsorbed anti-biotin antibodies with subsequent silver enhancement. This staining procedure can be completed in 5 hours including hybridization and is a highly sensitive alternative to peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase detection systems.
...
PMID:Application of silver acetate autometallography and gold-silver staining methods for in situ DNA hybridization. 838 75

Eighteen cases of intracranial germinoma (16 male and 2 female, age 2.5-30 years, average 16.7) were studied. Morphologically, the pathological changes in 18 cases were similar to those of testis seminoma or ovarian dysgerminoma. Among them, two were accompanied with choriocarcinoma and one with embryonal cancer. No cytoplasmic processes was detected by silver stain, but strongly positive to PAS-stain. All of the 18 cases in this series as well as another 8 cases of testis seminoma and ovarian dysgerminoma used as controls gave a positive reaction in alkaline phosphatase stain. Among the 18 cases of germinoma, except 3 out of 18 were CEA positive, otherwise, all were CEA, beta-HCG, SP1, AFP and GFAP negative. The syncytiotrophoblasts in the choriocarcinoma and embryonal cancer mentioned before were beta-HCG and SP1 positive, and additionally, the embryonal cancer also showed AFP positive. All these results support the hypothesis that both intracranial (extragonadal) and gonadal germinoma have a common cell origin.
...
PMID:[Histopathological study of intracranial germinoma]. 840 4

Temperature-labile cholesterol ester hydrolase (TLCEH) was purified 2,000-fold from rat testis cytosol using sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing chromatography. the purified enzyme, which exhibited a single silver-stained band (66 kDa) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was inhibited 89% by the elevation of the temperature from 32 to 37 degrees C and 65% by treatment with alkaline phosphatase. Its amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequence differed markedly from those of isoenzymes from other tissues, although 6 of 20 residues were conserved. Polyclonal antibodies raised to TLCEH exhibited no cross-immunoreactivity with cytosolic proteins from other rat tissues and inhibited 70% of testis cytosolic CEH. Western blot analysis demonstrated a high correlation between immunoreactive protein and catalytic activity in the testis during maturation of the rat, with a marked increase at the onset of spermatogenesis. TLCEH was inhibited by physiological levels of Cu2+ (I50 = 0.60 microM) and Zn2+ (I50 = 0.75 microM) and by Cd2+ (I50 = 0.15 microM) but not by 0.5-5 mM Mn2+.
...
PMID:Testicular temperature-labile cholesteryl ester hydrolase. Relationship to isoenzymes from other tissues, correlation with spermatogenesis, and inhibition by physiological concentrations of divalent cations. 846 27

The cellular expression of growth associated protein-43 mRNA by identified choline acetyl transferase mRNA positive cells was investigated in the mature rat brain using a combined radioactive and non-radioactive in situ hybridisation technique. Cellular sites of growth associated protein-43 mRNA were detected using a 35S-oligonucleotide while choline acetyl transferase mRNA positive neurones were identified using two alkaline phosphatase-labelled probes. In the cholinergic cells of the corpus striatum, basal forebrain and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus a specific growth associated protein-43 hybridisation signal (silver grains) was detected, demonstrating that these choline acetyl transferase mRNA positive cells are enriched in growth associated protein-43 gene transcripts. By contrast, the large cholinergic cells of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve did not express growth associated protein-43 mRNA. Quantification of the growth associated protein-43 hybridisation signal expressed by identified choline acetyl transferase mRNA positive cells showed regional variations in the relative cellular abundance of this transcript; cholinergic cells in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and corpus striatum expressed the strongest cellular hybridisation signal. Mean cross-sectional somatic area measurements of these growth associated protein-43/cholinergic positive cells confirmed the identity of these neurones as belonging to the cholinergic phenotype. A strong 35S-growth associated protein-43 hybridisation signal was detected also in numerous other non-choline acetyl transferase mRNA positive nerve cells in other regions of the brain, although the chemical phenotypes of these neurones were not determined. Our data reveal that expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 is maintained in identified cholinergic neurones in the postnatal rat brain, suggesting that this protein may subserve important functions in cholinergic and other neurones of the adult mammalian brain.
...
PMID:Identified cholinergic neurones in the adult rat brain are enriched in GAP-43 mRNA: a double in situ hybridisation study. 852 35

This study describes an increase in biochemical and histomorphometric markers of bone resorption prior to increased bone formation and trabecular bone loss in the ovariectomized rat. Six-month-old, female Sprague Dawley rats were either sham operated or ovariectomized (Ovx) and killed at 0, 6, 9, 15, 18, 21, and 42 days postoperation when femora were collected and trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) was determined from von Kossa silver-stained sections using the Quantimet 520 image analysis system in the distal region. A number of these sections were also examined unstained for fluorochrome labels, and stained for acid phosphatase to detect osteoclast-like cells (ACP surface). At 18 days postoperation, lumbar vertebrae were examined. Blood and urine specimens were analyzed for bone-related biochemical variables. ACP surface was significantly greater in Ovx rats compared with sham at 6 days postoperation (mean ACP surface (%TS) +/- SEM: sham 36.4 +/- 1.9; Ovx 40.3 +/- 1.2, P < 0.05) as was urinary hydroxyproline excretion. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase activity were not elevated in Ovx rats compared with Sham until 9 days postoperation. Mineral apposition rate (MAR) was increased at 12 days after ovariectomy (mean MAR (microm/day) +/- SEM: sham 0.85 +/- 0.06; Ovx 1.23 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05). Trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) at a specific site in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal core area was significantly lower at 15 days postoperation (mean (%) +/- SEM: Sham 7.40 +/- 1.23, Ovx 4.25 0 0.65, P < 0.05). There was no difference in lumbar vertebral BV/TV between the two groups at 18 days postoperation, however, ACP surface was elevated in the Ovx rats (P < 0.05). A systemic increase in bone resorption at 6 days postovariectomy precedes increased formation whereas the length of time required for the dissolution of trabeculae postoperation is determined locally.
...
PMID:Increased bone resorption precedes increased bone formation in the ovariectomized rat. 868 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---