Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from the atlanto-occipital (AO) and lumbosacral (LS) subarachnoid spaces of 24 horses and 21 ponies that had no clinical evidence of neurologic disease. Depth of needle insertion, pressures, refractive index, rapid reagent strip test (protein, glucose, blood, pH) results, cell counts, content of protein, glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, and cholesterol, and activities of creatine phosphokinase, aspartate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. The resulting clinical reference values obtained were discussed in light of the published normal values for CSF from horses, other animals, and man. White cell counts in CSF were found to be from 0 to 6/microliters. Values for protein content were distributed between wider limits than previously reported values. The LS-AO difference is proposed as a criterion for clinical evaluation of CSF protein content. Ponies were found to have more protein in their CSF than did the horses, and CSF from the LS site contained more glucose than that from the AO site. The CSF electrolyte composition was similar to that of previous reports. Enzyme activities in equine CSF are reported for the 1st time.
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PMID:Equine cerebrospinal fluid: reference values of normal horses. 91 Oct 95

Changes in serum biochemical values as a function of serum-clot contact time were investigated. Time extending to 48 hours were studied by drawing sets of six specimens from ten subjects. Glucose, lactic dehydrogenase, the transaminases, potassium, alkaline phosphatase, and iron showed significant changes. Other common tests, including electrophoretic separations, were not affected.
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PMID:Changes in serum chemical values as a result of prolonged contact with the clot. 96 39

Endogeneous hyperglucagonemia is observed in experimental diabetes mellitus and semistarvation, conditions associated with an increased intestinal absorptive function. To examine whether glucagon might exert a similar adaptive response on intestinal digestive-absorptive function like experimental diabetes mellitus the effect of chronic glucagon administration on intestinal transport of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, water, sodium, potassium, and D-glucose induced transmural potential difference (PD) was examined by an in vivo perfusion technique in rat small intestine. Chronic administration of glucagon (100 mug twice daily) for 5 days resulted in increased absorption of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, water, sodium and potassium as well as in an increase of D-glucose induced PD. A similar, but more pronounced augmentation of D-glucose induced PD was observed in the jejunum of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Disaccharidase (maltase, sucrase, trehalase, lactase) and alkaline phosphatase activities were not affected in intestinal mucosa of glucagon-treated rats compared to controls. It cannot be decided from these results whether hyperglucagonemia is responsible for the adaptive intestinal changes observed in experimental diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effect of chronic glucagon-administration on the digestive and absorptive function of rat small intestine in vivo. 98 1

Investigations were carried out on the serum enzymes, total proteins and some electrolites (potassium and sodium) in eight spleenectomized sheep experimentally infected with Babesia organisms. It was found that babesiasis in sheep was accompanied by a considerable rise in the activity of GOT and GPT (from 80JU up to 260IU and from 4 IU up to 19 IU). The amount of inorganic phosphorus dropped, and that of potassium sodium and alkaline phosphatase showed no changes. It is believed that the changes in the activity of GOT, GPT and inorganic phosphorus depend on the gravity and the duration of the disease and can be used as a criterion in determining the pathologic process.
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PMID:[Changes in the activity of serum enzymes, total protein and electrolytes in experimental babeiasis in sheep]. 102 51

ASSAY CURVES, USING A DISK DIFFUSION METHOD FOR THE ANTIBIOTICS GENTAMICIN AND CEFAZOLIN, WERE PREPARED WITH: saline, saline plus 10% serum, and ascitic, synovial, cerebrospinal, and pleural fluids. The curves were compared with a standard curve prepared with pooled human serum. The pH, total protein, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, chloride, CO(2) content, uric acid, cholesterol, bilirubin, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, CPK, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase were determined and compared for all fluids. Measurements for cefazolin levels were falsely elevated in those fluids with low protein content when serum was used as a reference standard. There was a linear inverse relationship between the protein content of the fluids and the cefazolin level with serum as the standard for the assay of this highly protein-bound antibiotic. No discrepancies were observed in the assay curves for gentamicin, an antibiotic known not to be bound by serum proteins.
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PMID:Effect of protein concentration and binding on antibiotic assays. 109 4

The clinical and metabolic responses of 12 patients with painful Paget's disease have been assessed before, during and after an 18-day course of treatment with purified porcine calcitonin, 160 MRC units i.m. daily. The indices of response included relief from pain, changes in concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium, magnesium, electrolytes and plasma inorganic phosphate; balance studies of calcium, phosphate, magnesium and in some cases sodium and potassium were undertaken. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was also measured. Remission of pain was complete in 11 of 15 courses of treatment. Coexistent osteoarthrosis was considered to be responsible where remission was incomplete. The mean duration of remission of pain was 12 months. Three patients who received a second course of treatment achieved further remission of pain. Side effects were not troublesome. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase decreased to 67 per cent of the initial reading and the degree of suppression depended on the initial alkaline phosphatase activity. Urinary hydroxyproline correlated closely with the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase before, during and after treatment. The ratio of serum alkaline phosphatase:hydroxyproline excretion rose at the start and at the termination of treatment. Retention of calcium and inorganic phosphate occurred during the early phase of treatment only. Withdrawal of treatment resulted in a rebound retention of calcium and inorganic phosphate. The degree of calcium retention after treatment correlated with the level of plasma inorganic phosphate prevailing before treatment. The efficacy of these short courses of calcitonin are discussed and the metabolic observations related to theories of bone remodelling at a cellular and hormonal level.
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PMID:Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with porcine calcitonin: clinical and metabolic responses. 110 Dec 86

Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) to rabbits produced dose-related cumulative toxicity. Five groups of three New Zealand albino rabbits each received 28 daily treatments with isotonic saline, sesame oil of 15.9, 45.0 or 153.4 mg/kg/day of delta-9-THC dissolved in sesame oil. Dose-related dermal responses included erythema, edema, ulceration and nodule formation. Some of the granulomatous nodules contained an oily substance and exhibited liquefactive necrosis. The severities of erythema and ulceration were generally maximal during the first week of treatment, but edema and nodule formation were most severe after days 12 and 14, respectively. All rabbits survived treatment, but body weights, liver weights and liver glycogen levels were decreased in a dose-related manner. Maximal body weight effects occurred after day 19. Hemochemical changes occurred only in rabbits treated with 153.4 mg/kg/day and included decreased blood sugar and alkaline phosphatase, and increased serum potassium. Hematology parameters were normal throughout the treatment period. No drug-related pathological lesions occurred in internal organs. The cumulative body weight changes, significantly decreased hepatic glycogen levels and reduced blood sugar and alkaline phosphatase values may have indicated drug-induced metabolic changes.
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PMID:Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administered subcutaneously to rabbits for 28 days. 112 6

The intra-subject correlations of three clinically meaningful combinations of serum constituents--(a) potassium, calcium, and albumin; (b) urea, creatinine, and uric acid; and (c) aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase--were studied in 11 healthy men. Duplicate serum samples were obtained at 800 h, 1100 h, and 1400 h on five different days. All assays were performed on the AutoChemist Multichannel Analyzer. Correlation coefficients differed significantly among the subjects for the following six pairs of serum constituents: urea and creatinine, urea and uric acid, creatinine and uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Nonbiological positive correlation between analytical errors (i.e., errors of two different assays performed on the same specimen) was demonstrated for two of the pairs: potassium and calcium, and aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. The error correlations of these two pairs of constituents comprised a significant component of the observed intra-subject correlations. Probable reasons for these analytical error correlations are discussed.
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PMID:Correlation of selected serum constituents: 1. Inter-individual variation and analytical error. 116 87

Subcellular distribution study of cytoplasmic organelles was performed on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after homogenization in 0.34 molar sucrose by differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the homogenate. The whole homogenate and each fraction was assayed for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reductase with and without 1 mM potassium cyanide, and the distribution of this enzyme was compared to the distribution of lysozyme, peroxidase, beta-glucuronidase, and acid and alkaline phosphatase. Enzyme recovery was 97 per cent and ranged between 74 and 124 per cent. Latent activity of all enzymes except NBT-reductase, acid, and alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated by observing a four- to sixfold increase in activity after the addition of Triton-X 100. Maximal relative specific activity using either DPNH or without cyanide for NBT-reductase was found in the 100,000 x g differential centrifugation fraction and was concentrated in the less dense top fraction of the sucrose density gradient. The distribution pattern was similar to acid and alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, the maximal concentration of beta-glucuronidase and peroxidase was found in the heavier 7,200 x g granule fraction and in the more dense bottom fractions of the sucrose density gradient. Maximal lysozyme activity was concentrated in the 30,000 x g granule fraction and in the fractions located between the heaviest and lightest fractions of the sucrose density gradient. The lack of latent activity and the similarity of subcellular distribution of NBT-reductase to acid and alkaline phosphatase, two enzymes associated with microsomes and plasmalemal membranes in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), indicates that NBT-reductase is also a nonlysosomal enzyme located in microsomes or in plasmalemal membranes. These findings support the previously described histochemical observations that initial reduction of NBT to formazan occurs on the PMN plasmalemal surface membrane at the point of particle attachment. In addition, they suggest that alteration of the surface membrane of the PMN by particle attachment or other surface forces may activate NBT-reductase, leading to an accumulation of formazan in the region of the altered membrane as the phagocytic vacuole is formed.
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PMID:Subcellular distribution of nitroblue tetrazolium reductase (NBT-R) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). 118 38

Biochemical variables have been measured in a group of volunteers during and after a long-distance run. Plasma glucose levels remained relatively constant and a significant decrease in plasma bicarbonate was noted. Plasma sodium, chloride, total protein, albumin and calcium showed significant increased of an order compatible with water losses occurring during the run. Plasma potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate and bilirubin all show much more marked and variable increases. The plasma enzymes alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase likewise increased significantly throughout the run. Whilst most constituents showed a tendency to return to normal at 20-30 hours after the run, gross increases were observed for aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase.
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PMID:The effect of long-distance running on some biochemical variables. 119 11


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