Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of acid phosphatase in the testicular parenchyma of cattle was found to be higher than that in the endometrium. The acid phosphatase of either tissue broke up p-nitrophenylphosphate at a rate twice as high as that reached for di-sodium phenylphosphate. Hydrolysis of phenolphthalein diphosphate was slower and that of beta-glycerophosphate very slow. Two optimum pH values and two isozymes were recordable from acid phosphatase in testicular supernatant and three optimum pH values as well as three isozymes from that in endometrial supernatant. Even concentrations pf 0.2 mM of copper and mercury ions were strongly inhibiting the acid phosphatase, whereas lead and cadmium ions proved less effective. The activity of acid phosphatase from testes dropped by 24 per cent and that from the endometrium by 16 per cent over eight weeks of storage at -20 degrees C. The average activity of alkaline phosphatase in the endometrium was much higher than that in testicular parenchyma. Alkaline phosphatase from testes exhibited the shortest break-up time for p-nitrophenylphosphate, whereas disodium-phenylphosphate was broken up at the highest rate by endometrial alkaline phosphatase. Two isozymes of alkaline phosphatase were recordable each from the testes and endometrium.
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PMID:[Properties and isozymes of acid and alkaline phosphatase in cattle testes and endometrium]. 2 59

The effect of mercury on alkaline phosphatase, lipase, aminotripeptidase and glycylglycine dipeptidase in the liver and digestive tract of Channa punctatus is investigated in vitro. Mercury inhibits the activities of all these enzymes and the degree of inhibition increases with the increase in the concentration of the metal. Addition of EDTA, a chelating agent, restored the mercury inhibited enzyme activity and the degree of restoration was related to the concentration of the chelating agent.
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PMID:In vitro inhibition of digestive enzymes by heavy metals and their reversal by chelating agent: Part I. Mercuric chloride intoxication. 10 87

The effect of lead on alkaline phosphatase, lipase, aminotripeptidase and glycylglycine dipeptidase in the liver and digestive tract of Channa punctatus is investigated in vitro. Mercury inhibits the activities of all these enzymes and the degree of inhibition increased with the increase in the concentration of the metal. Addition of EDTA, a chelating agent, restored the mercury inhibited enzyme activity and the degree of restoration was related to the concentration of the chelating agent.
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PMID:In vitro inhibition of digestive enzymes by heavy metals and their reversal by chelating agent: Part II. Lead nitrate intoxication. 10 88

The effect of 1.8 mg/liter (LC50) of mercuric chloride exposure on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, amylase, pepsin, trypsin, tripeptidase glycyl-glycine dipeptidase and carnosinase has been examined in Channa punctatus. The three phosphatases have been inhibited in the liver but showed an increase in activity in the intestine and pyloric caeca. Amylase, pepsin and trypsin have also shown a slight increase in activity. There has been no significant alteration in the activites of the peptidases. The results show that mercury inhibits the activites of phosphatases in the liver but has no significant effect on the digestive enzymes within the experimental period of 96 hours.
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PMID:Effect of mercuric chloride on the digestive system of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus. 21 48

Extracts of adult Paramphistomum explanatum have been shown to contain high concentration of acid phosphomonoesterase with maximum activity at pH 4.5. The enzyme has been characterized by an exhibition of an unexpected increase in the inhibitory action of a mercury at 1 mM concentration by EDTA. With a lower concentration of mercury (0.1 mM and below) EDTA gave partial protection against inhibition. Different concentrations of magnesium and cobalt activated the enzyme while fluoride, copper, arsenate, tartrate and p-mercuribenzoate brought about inhibition. EDTA, glycine, glutathione and sodium azide had no effect. There was an indication of the presence of alkaline phosphomonoesterase at pH 10.0. The Km for p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis was 0.45 mM at pH 4.5.
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PMID:Phosphatase systems in Paramphistomum explanatum Fischoeder, 1901. 23 47

The effect of intravenous injections of HgCl2 on the renal excretion of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was investigated in rats. On the first day after Hg enzyme excretion showed a linear rise with the Hg dose from a threshold value of 0.44 mg Hg/kg. On the second day a statistically significant effect was seen already after 0.25 mg HgKG. After doses of 0.75 mg/kg or more a decrease of enzyme activity below control values occurred which persisted for more than 4 days. Treatment with 2,3-dimercaptopropansulfonate (DMPS) brought about a normalization of AP excretion. An effect on LAP excretion was observed only with early treatment. The same holds for the effect of DMPS on Hg-induced lethality. The usefulness of a measurement of LAP excretion for estimating the exposure to inorganic mercury is discussed.
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PMID:The effect of mercuric chloride on the excretion of two urinary enzymes in the rat. 57 5

Cytochemical changes were studied in leukocytes in peripheral blood smears from rabbits chronically exposed to mercury vapor. Experimental animals were exposed in a toxicologic chamber to air containing metallic mercury in concentrations of 2.0-2.5 mg/m3 for 3 hours daily over 12 weeks. In the poisoned rabbits, as compared with controls, alkaline phosphatase activity was depressed in granulocytes, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in granulocytes and lymphocytes. The activities of acid phosphatase, arylsulphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, the color reaction with Sudan black B and the p.a.S. reaction were not affected.
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PMID:Cytochemical abnormalities of the leukocytes of peripheral blood of rabbits in chronic experimental intoxication with mercuric vapors. 122 12

Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is a specific and sensitive marker for alterations of the S3 segment of the human proximal tubule, the preferred part for several nephrotoxins. We studied IAP and other renal parameters in mercury-exposed workers and their controls. IAP excretion is clearly increased in the exposed workers, compared to other parameters, indicating that the determination of this enzyme can be a useful screening test of renal effects in occupational mercury exposure.
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PMID:Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase in urine as an indicator of mercury induced effects on the S3 segment of the proximal tubule. 131 94

Both sexes of F344 rats were gavaged with maximal tolerated doses of mercuric chloride for periods from 2 wk to up to 2 yr to investigate chronic nephrotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity. The toxicity of mercuric chloride was excessive after 2 wk of exposure to doses ranging from 1.25 to 20 mg/kg, compromising renal function by selectively destroying cells of the proximal tubules, and eliciting marked elevations in urinary biomarker enzymes diagnostic for acute renal tubule necrosis. In the 2-wk studies, urinary alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino-transferase were most sensitive to renal mercury toxicity among a panel of six enzymes, exhibiting twofold increases above controls at the 5.0 mg/kg dose, before changes in the other enzymes occurred. Urinary lactate dehydrogenase was the most responsive enzyme, with up to 11-fold increases in activity above controls. In response to mercuric chloride exposure of 5.0 mg/kg for 2-6 mo, the greatest and most persistent increases in elevation of urinary enzyme activities were exhibited by alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, which increased two-to threefold above controls. At this interval, the maximal severity of the renal lesions in both sexes of rats was graded as minimal to mild. Beyond 6 mo none of the urinary enzymes measured in this study was adequate as biomarkers of nephrotoxicity, although the severity of the renal lesions had progressed. Mercury accumulated in a dose-related fashion primarily in the kidney, and to a lesser extent in the liver. The severity of the renal lesions was increased by continued exposure to mercuric chloride, as tissue concentrations of mercury rose in proportion to dose. Mercuric chloride treatment for 2 yr clearly exacerbated the severity of the spontaneous nephrotoxicity prevalent in aging F344 rats. The excessive mortality that occurred in the male rats was probably due to a combination of these factors. No renal tumors were detected in rats, possibly because the potential for their development was reduced; however, direct tissue contact with mercury induced squamous-cell papillomas of the forestomach in both sexes.
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PMID:Development of renal toxicity in F344 rats gavaged with mercuric chloride for 2 weeks, or 2, 4, 6, 15, and 24 months. 135 52

We have used naphthol-ASMX-phosphate and Fast Red TR in combination with alkaline phosphatase (APase) to produce fluorescent precipitated reaction products in a non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) method. To obtain optimal and discrete localization of the strongly red fluorescent ISH signals, the enzyme precipitation procedure was optimized. The optimal reaction time and the concentrations of substrate and capture agent were determined. Furthermore, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to increase the viscosity of the reaction mixture and thus to reduce diffusion of the reaction product. Our results show that the APase-Fast Red detection method has at least the same sensitivity as currently observed in other immunofluorescent detection systems. A single copy DNA sequence of 15.8 KB could be localized with high efficiency in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei. Double labeling procedures, in which the FITC- and azo-dye fluorescence are combined, are also feasible. The red fluorescent ISH signals showed hardly any fading as compared with FITC fluorescence on exposure to either light from the mercury-arc lamp or laser light. Therefore, these red fluorescent signals with a virtually permanent character allow a better analysis and three-dimensional localization of such cytochemically detected genomic fractions by means of confocal scanning laser microscopy as compared with the use of FITC, TRITC, or Texas Red as label.
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PMID:A novel fluorescence detection method for in situ hybridization, based on the alkaline phosphatase-fast red reaction. 150 67


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