Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture was stimulated in a synergistic manner by 10(-6) M retinol and by 10(-7) M dexamethasone. An early exposure to retinol was required for maximum stimulation and could be reproduced by the addition, during growth, of 2 micrograms/ml compactin. The induced enzyme activity in cell lysates prepared from cells treated with retinol and dexamethasone had a Vmax that was 50-fold that of the controls. The stimulatory effect of retinol could be partially reversed by the addition of sonic dispersions made from cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. The incorporation of [14C]acetate into saponifiable and non-saponifiable cellular lipids was inhibited by 10(-6) M retinol but the activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (EC 4.1.3.5) remained unaffected. The results suggest that retinol might inhibit lipid biosynthesis through an alternate mechanism.
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PMID:Elevation of alkaline phosphatase by retinol in bovine endothelial cells and its possible relationship to lipid biosynthesis. 286 57

Two milk feeding systems were investigated as influencing the health and development of calves. After the termination of colostrum feeding, the ten animals of the experimental group were given whole milk whereas the control group (also ten calves) was given the Laktosan milk replacer. By the age of three months, blood was collected from the calves for biochemical examination in weekly intervals, later once a month. The content of urea, determined in the blood plasma of the calves of the experimental group was significantly lower in the fourth to seventh week. The plasma levels of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium were about the same in the experimental and control groups, being within the limits of the reference values. At the age of six to nine weeks, the content of inorganic phosphorus in the blood plasma of the tested animals was statistically significantly higher. Vitamin A concentration in the blood plasma was about the same in both groups. The content of vitamin E in the blood plasma of the calves of the experimental group was statistically significantly higher in the fourth to eight week of age. No significant differences between the two groups were observed in the plasmatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GMT). The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly higher in the third to fifth week of life. From the fifth to eighteenth week of age, the average daily weight gains were significantly higher in the calves given whole milk.
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PMID:[The effect of the use of milk-based feed mixtures and whole milk on the development of selected indicators in the blood plasma in calves]. 308 69

Detailed biochemical investigations of renal function were made on 75 male workers exposed to cadmium and an equal number of referents matched for age, sex, and employment status. The exposed group consisted of current and retired workers who had been employed in the manufacture of copper-cadmium alloy at a single factory in the United Kingdom for periods of up to 39 years and for whom cumulative cadmium exposure indices could be calculated. In vivo measurements of liver and kidney cadmium burden were made on exposed and referent workers using a transportable neutron activation analysis facility. Significant increases in the urinary excretion of albumin, retinol binding protein, beta 2 microglobulin, N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and significant decreases in the renal reabsorption of calcium, urate, and phosphate were found in the exposed group compared with the referent group. Measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, and beta 2 microglobulin) indicated a reduction in GFR in the exposed population. Many of these tubular and glomerular function indicators were significantly correlated with both cumulative exposure index and liver cadmium burden. Using cumulative exposure index and liver cadmium as estimates of dose, a two phase linear regression model was applied to identify an inflection point signifying a threshold level above which changes in renal function occur. Many biochemical variables fitted this model; urinary total protein, retinol binding protein, albumin, and beta 2 microglobulin gave similar inflection points at cumulative exposure levels of about 1100 y.micrograms/m3 whereas changes in the tubular reabsorption of urate and phosphate occurred at higher cumulative exposure indices. Measures of GFR, although fitting the threshold model did not give well defined inflection points. Fewer variables fitted the two phase model using liver cadmium; those that did gave threshold levels in the range 20.3-55.1 ppm. When cadmium workers with cumulative exposure indices of less than 1100 y.micrograms/m3 were compared with their respective referents only serum beta 2 microglobulin and urinary NAG were significantly increased in the exposed group and these differences were not related to the degree of cadmium exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Relations between liver cadmium, cumulative exposure, and renal function in cadmium alloy workers. 321 4

To evaluate the nutritional value of a new military operational ration, meal, ready-to-eat (MRE), 27 soldiers were fed the ration as their only food during a 34-d field exercise at an elevation of 1800 m. Thirty soldiers given hot breakfasts and dinners and MREs for lunch served as control subjects. Measurements were made of body height, weight, skinfold thickness at four sites, urine volume and concentration, urinary zinc loss, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, ascorbic acid, folate, retinol, and Zn, and plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentration. The men fed only MREs experienced significant weight loss compared with those fed hot meals. Neither group appeared to be dehydrated. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values rose in response to increased elevation. Both groups of soldiers displayed normal values, indicative of acceptable nutritional status, of serum proteins, measured vitamins, and Zn.
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PMID:Nutritional evaluation of soldiers subsisting on meal, ready-to-eat operational rations for an extended period: body measurements, hydration, and blood nutrients. 338 28

Arotinoids, which are analogs of retinoic acid (RA) and retinol (RO) with the carbon skeleton in a rigid conformation, have more favorable therapeutic indices relative to all-trans-RA and all-trans-RO. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain preliminary in vivo toxicity data on SMR-2(analog of RO) and SMR-6 (analog of RA), arotinoids with promising activity (ED50's of 20 X 10(-11) and 5 X 10(-11) M, respectively; ED50 of RA = 1 X 10(-11) M) for reversal of keratinization in tracheal organ culture. A preliminary toxicity study was conducted in male B6D2F1 mice with gavage of retinoids in corn oil (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg/day of SMR-2 or SMR-6; 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day of RA as reference control). Due to lack of toxicity, each dose level for SMR-2 and SMR-6 was increased by 4-fold on Day 29 of dosing. The study was terminated on Day 57. Hypervitaminosis A (weight loss, alopecia, skin scaling, and bone thinning) was induced in the mid- and high-dose SMR groups; weight-gain depression was predominant in the high-dose RA group. The SMR compounds were approximately 100-fold more toxic, based on weight loss, than RA. In the SMR dose groups with hypervitaminosis A, white blood cell counts were elevated 2- to 4-fold; and there were microscopic lesions in skin, testes, epididymis, bone, thymus, bone marrow, peripheral lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, adrenal, and pituitary. The leukocytosis was attributed to leukopoiesis in spleen and bone marrow, which may be due to either a direct effect and/or a secondary response to a subacute inflammatory reaction in skin. Only peripheral lymph node hyperplasia was observed in SMR-2 and RA low-dose groups. Enlarged thymus, lymph node hyperplasia, leukopoiesis in spleen and bone marrow, elevated alkaline phosphatase with bone hypertrophy, and testicular degeneration were observed in the mid-dose RA group. The results indicate that immune stimulation may be a primary early response to retinoids and that skin, leukopoietic tissues, reproductive organs, stomach, and bone are primary targets for retinoid toxicity.
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PMID:Preliminary toxicity profile of arotinoids SMR-2 and SMR-6 in male B6D2F1 mice. 360 38

Low concentrations of retinol (10 nM-10 microM) and dexamethasone (0.1 nM-1.0 microM) elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) in bovine endothelial cells in culture. The effect was apparent after 48 hr of growth in the presence of either of the two compounds, prior to any growth stimulatory effects. A synergistic stimulation of alkaline phosphatase was achieved in the presence of both retinol and dexamethasone implying different mechanisms of induction. Retinoic acid and retinyl acetate also elevated alkaline phosphatase but the retinol analogue reduced in the side chain (perhydroretinol) was inactive. The ability of steroids to elevate alkaline phosphatase activity was associated with the structure commonly required for glucocorticoid activity; however, competitors for the steroid receptor binding failed to prevent the elevation by dexamethasone or the synergism in the presence of retinol and dexamethasone.
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PMID:Synergistic stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells grown in the presence of retinoids and glucocorticoids. 404 48

We examined whether chemical agents reported to induce differentiation of leukemic cells also have differentiating effects on normal human granulocytes using alkaline phosphatase activity as a marker. Among 11 compounds examined, only vitamin A analogues were shown to induce this activity in granulocytes from bone marrow of normal individuals. Retinoic acid was the most potent inducer of the activity followed by retinal, whereas retinol and retinol acetate did not induce any activity. The effect on the alkaline phosphatase activity by retinoic acid and retinal was considered to reflect their effect on normal granulocytic differentiation and maturation.
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PMID:Induction of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophilic granulocytes, a marker of cell maturity, from bone marrow of normal individuals by retinoic acid. 405 84

Twenty-six inbred strains of the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) were examined for electrophoretic variation at an estimated 97 genetic loci. In addition to previously documented markers, variation was observed for the enzymes aconitase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. The genetic basis of these markers (Acon-1, Ahd-2, and Akp-1) was confirmed. Linkage analysis between 35 pairwise comparisons revealed that the markers Fh-1 and Pep-3 are linked. The strain profiles of the 25 inbred strains at 11 electrophoretic markers are given.
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PMID:Enzyme markers in inbred rat strains: genetics of new markers and strain profiles. 649 29

A study has been made of possible interrelationships between circulating vitamin A concentration and indicators of altered calcium homeostasis in 31 patients with stable chronic renal failure. Plasma retinol concentrations were high, possibly as a result of increased retinol-binding-protein concentrations secondary to renal failure. There was no correlation between retinol concentration and any other measurement, including vitamin A intake. However, there were significant correlations between plasma parathyroid hormone and calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine concentrations; and those patients with radiological sub-periosteal erosions tended to have the highest concentrations of circulating parathyroid hormone. Our data give no support to the contention that vitamin A status has any bearing on the progression and severity of the hyperparathyroid bone disease of renal failure.
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PMID:Relationship between vitamin A and bone disease in chronic renal failure. 653 95

The author reports on the effects of different doses of retinol acetate on ovarian steroidogenesis. Two groups of CBA/C57BL mice with a mean body weight of 18-20 g received 3.44% oily retinol acetate per os in daily doses of 50 000 and 80 000 IU for 10 days. After completion of the experiments the quick-frozen sections of the ovaries were subjected to a histochemical assay for the content of 3-beta-ol-steroid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Administration of 50 000 IU vitamin A was found to stimulate ovarian steroidogenesis. The effect of vitamin A was the most demonstrable in the interstitial tissue, atretic corpora, and, in the internal theca of the follicles. Administration of 80 000 IU retinol acetate inhibited ovarian steroidogenesis. The estrous cycle in animals ceased. Administration of vitamin A (80 000) primarily affected the follicular apparatus of the ovaries, namely the epithelium of the follicles and yellow bodies. At the same time secretory function of atretic corpora and interstitial tissue remained within normal, which was regarded as a compensatory-adaptive mechanism under toxic hypervitaminosis A.
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PMID:[Effect of high doses of retinol acetate on the 3-beta-ol-steroid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase content in mouse ovaries]. 657 18


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