Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural studies of a "dexamethasone-suppressed" virilizing adrenocortical adenoma and the attached cortex revealed that tumor cells showed little activities of some lysosomal enzymes and scarcity of lipofuscins and dense bodies of lysosomal type, forming a marked contrast to the cells of zona reticularis and the virilizing adenomas previously reported. The other findings of tumor cells, such as a pattern of activities of dehydrogenases including 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the morphology of mitochondria, were those of reticularis cells. The findings showed that scantiness of lipofuscins did not rule out the possibility of adenoma producing adrenal androgen, dehydroepiandrosterone. Most of the tumor cells as well as reticularis cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase, the activity of which was interpreted as the effect of ACTH stimulation.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic study of a virilizing adrenocortical adenoma. 15 60

After long time application of homologous ACTH the morphokinesis of the adrenal cortex of the pig was investigated experimentally. Following results were obtained: 1. In view of the controls the absolute and relative weight of the adrenals is raised considerably. 2. The progressive transformation is followed by the disappearance of the zonal structure of the adrenal cortex, and the parenchyma get the picture of fasciculata cells generally. 3. Nearly exclusive the zona fasciculata consists of great, pale activated spongiocytes with 2 nucleoli frequently. Topochemically glycogen and the lipids are inconstant, however the histochemical activity of succinodehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase are considerable raised in regard of the controls. 4. The zona fasciculata contains degenerated cells isolated only. Signs of extensive regressive changes are not present. 5. The zona glomerulosa is dissolving or eliminating respectively. The consequences for the synthesis of the adrenal steroid hormones are discussed. 6. A large, spongy subcapsular blastema with several cell layers and a rich capillary network develop between the fibrous capsula of the adrenal and the zona fasiculata. The fasciculata cells are the direct continuation of the subcapsular blastema. The blastema contains neither glycogen nor lipids and histochemical activities of the enzymes are absent, too. The significance of the subcapsular blastema for the morphological and functional adaptation of the adrenal cortex in stress are discussed. Under the conditions of the closed hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal control system the new origin of cells (hyperplasia) is not significant for the morphokinetic adaptive reactions of the adrenal cortex. Rather the subcapsular blastema represents a reserve area which after the destruction of the endocrine parenchyma through specific pathogens the organism enabled to the regeneration of the adrenal cortex.
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PMID:[The subcapsular blastema of the adrenal cortex of the swine after continuous long-term infusion of exogenous ACTH]. 18 14

The index of the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity (LAP-I) was evaluated in 15 patients suffering from chronic uremia immediately before and after hemodialysis, as well as 16 or 18 and 40 or 42 hours thereafter. Immediately following hemodialysis the LAP-I was significantly reduced in comparison with to predialysis values. 16 and 18 hours after hemodialysis the LAP-I had again increased and at 40 and 42 hours exceeded the starting predialysis values. These results are discussed in relation to the dialysis-induced decrease of plasma cortisol and to the consequent ACTH and cortisol overproduction.
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PMID:[The index of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in patients with hemodialysis (author's transl)]. 19 May 25

In order to investigate the influence of the central nervous system on the functional differentiation of the fetal anterior pituitary gland, the pituitary gland of anencephalic and normal fetus was studied by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method for the localization of various hormones. The only abnormality of pituitary endocrine cells in anencephaly was a marked decrease of ACTH cells. In the normal development, ACTH appeared as the earliest hormone in 5 weeks. And all other hormones were seen in 13 weeks. The reason for the decrease of ACTH cells in anencephaly was speculated to be a suppression at an early developmental life. The experimental observations done in rats using MAM might support this speculation. The adrenal glands of anencephalus showed atrophy of the fetal cortex which was considered to correlate with the decrease in number of ACTH cells. Absence of the histochemical activity of alkaline phosphatase in the permanent cortex of anencephaly may indicate absence or inadequate stimulation by fetal ACTH. Further experimental studies in suppression of the central nervous system in early developmental life seemed to confirm the above speculation in functional differentiation of the fetal pituitary and adrenal glands.
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PMID:Functional prenatal development of anencephalic and normal anterior pituitary glands. In human and experimental animals studied by peroxidase-labeled antibody method. 19 43

The effect of corticosteroid (or ACTH) therapy on 4 patients with idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis is described. All patients presented with spiking fever and chills and none had jaundice. Only 1 patient had an enlarged tender liver and 3 had splenomegaly. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased in all cases while the white blood cell count was typically normal. Impairment in liver function was insignificant and consisted of a mild elevation of SGOT and alkaline phosphatase activities and prolonged prothrombin time. All patients presented a diagnostic challenge. The diagnosis was established by routine liver biopsies in 3 cases and by laparotomy in the 4th. The etiology could not be established. All patients reacted dramatically to prednisone (or ACTH) after failure of other therapeutic regimens. The disease has, however, been present for 5 years in 1 patient and 10 years in another, Relapses occur after cessation of therapy.
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PMID:Idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis with a prolonged course: effect of corticosteroid therapy. 20 7

The histochemical activity of alkaline phosphatase (Al-Pase), the induction of which is one of the effects of ACTH on the adrenocortical cells, was examined in 10 adrenocortical tumors causing Cushing's syndrome and in 65 adrenal cortices. All of the compact cells in every gland, and almost all, about half, or a small proportion in the four tumors showed Al-Pase activity. These tumors decreased in steroidogenesis after the administration of dexamethasone. No compact cells exhibited the activity in six tumors, none of which was "dexamethasone-suppressible". Three of the seven attached glands examined were halfway between those of typical Cushing's syndrome and those of other than Cushing's syndrome from the viewpoint of compact/clear cell morphology. All of the tumors that had Al-Pase-positive clear cells increased in steroidogenesis after ACTH administration. These results suggested that Al-Pase activity of tumor cells was also ACTH effect and that a decrease in steroidogenesis of tumors after dexamethasone administration was due not to fluctuations but to suppression of intrinsic ACTH.
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PMID:Correlation of alkaline phosphatase staining of cortisol-producing adrenocortical tumors with dexamethasone suppression and ACTH stimulation. 20 55

Eight adult volunteers of both sexes were exposed to isobutane in a controlled-environment chamber for the purpose of monitoring their physiological responses to a series of gas concentrations ranging from 250 to 1,000 ppm. First, the response to exposure periods of 1 min, 2 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 8 h were studied. There being no untoward responses to these acute exposures, the eight volunteers were exposed repetitively to isobutane at concentrations of 500 ppm, 1, 2 or 8 h per day, five days per week for two weeks. Then exposures to two mixtures of isobutane and propane for 1, 2 or 8 h per day for two days were studied. During the investigation all subjects were kept under comprehensive medical surveillance. No untoward subjective responses or abnormal physiological responses occurred during or following these exposures. Special emphasis was placed on evaluating the cardiac and pulmonary response to these exposures through the use of continuous ECG telemetry and serial computerized spirometric measurements. The following serial laboratory studies were unaltered by the exposures: complete blood count, urinalysis, serum alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, LDH, serum bilirubin, blood sugar, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, BUN, spontaneous electroencephalogram, visual evoked response, a battery of cognitive tests, and an ACTH stimulation test.
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PMID:Acute and repetitive human exposure to isobutane. 33 37

To elucidate factors producing destructive changes in the adrenal cortex under severe stress, the following experiments were performed: 1) severe combined stress (KC) including unilateral adrenalectomy and fixation in supin position for 24 h (control group); 2)hypophysectomy KC; 3) thyroidectomy KC; 4) bilateral orchiectomy KC; 5) injection of vitamine "E" for 14 days + KC. The adrenals were studied by a complex of morphometrical and histochemical methods. Hypophysectomy prevented estructive changes in the adrenal cortex under KC. This effect was not connected with hypofunction of the thyroid gland and the testes, as their excision (in rats without hypophysectomy) did not prevent the development of necrobiotic changes in the adrenal cortex. A suggestion is made on a "corticolytic" effect of ACTH which reveals itself under severe stress. Destruction of adrenocorticocytes is supposed to result from activation of peroxide oxidation of lipids. This is indirectly supported by a large number of lipofuscin containing cells, by decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and ATPh-ase, by activation of acid phosphatase and also by decreasing alterative phenomena at the injection of vitamine "E".
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PMID:[Change in the adrenal cortex of rats in stress after hypophysectomy, thyroidectomy and castration]. 67 26

Endocrine abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure are well documented. The present study aimed to assess the influence of long-term erythropoietin (EPO) therapy on endocrine abnormalities in haemodialyzed patients. Two groups of haemodialyzed patients, each of which comprised 17 subjects, were examined. The first one treated by EPO (EPO group) while the second one did not receive this hormone (NO-EPO group). A complete biochemical and hormonal check-up was performed before and at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of the study period. Normal values for the estimated parameters were obtained in appropriately selected sex and age-matched healthy subjects. After EPO therapy an increase of the haematocrit value from 21.8 +/- 0.9% to 32.6 +/- 0.9% was observed which was accompanied by a significant decline of plasma ferritin and saturation of transferrin. In patients of the NO-EPO group a significant although less marked rise of the haematocrit value (21.4 +/- 0.4% to 24.2 +/- 0.6%) was also noticed. EPO therapy did not change electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, inorganic phosphate), osteocalcin, creatinine, glucose and alkaline phosphatase plasma levels as well as plasma concentrations of calcium related hormones (PTH, calcitonin, 1.25(OH)2D3) and vasopressin (AVP). EPO treatment induced a significant decline of somatotropin (HGH), prolactin (PRO), follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LH), ACTH, cortisol, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, insulin (IRI), glucagon (IR-G), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin plasma levels and an increase of plasma estradiol, testosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). These EPO induced endocrine alterations were restricted mostly to the first 6 months of EPO administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of long-term erythropoietin therapy on endocrine abnormalities in haemodialyzed patients. 145 6

We compared the results of the ACTH stimulation tests with measurements of alkaline phosphatase and serum cholesterol during Lysodren therapy in 23 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The ACTH stimulation test proved to be a very sensitive parameter, by which the extent of Lysodren under- or overdosage could be reliably estimated. On the other hand, regulation of the individual Lysodren requirement was not possible by measuring AP and serum cholesterol only. However, it is highly probable that those two parameters can be used to evaluate the general state of metabolism, and they appear to be of prognostic value when greatly elevated.
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PMID:[Laboratory parameters for the control of the course of therapy of canine Cushing's syndrome]. 164 92


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